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Midterm Review

Total questions: 49

Worksheet time: 44mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Based on these results whose blood was found in the blood stain at the crime scene?
a)
Bob
b)
Sue
c)
John
d)
Lisa
2.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
3.
DNA fingerprinting works because
a)
Most genes are dominant
b)
All organisms contain RNA
c)
The most important genes are different among most people
d)
No two people, except identical twins, have exactly the same DNA 
4.

What is the complementary pair for the DNA code:

C-T-A-T-G-G

a)

G-A-T-A-C-C

b)

C-T-A-T-G-G

c)

A-T-G-A-T-G

d)

G-T-A-C-T-C

5.

synthesizes RNA primer

a)

helicase

b)

primase

c)

telomerase

d)

chargaff

6.

what enzyme catalyze new strand?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

telomerase

c)

introns

d)

ribosomes

7.
What is the correct sequence?
a)
RNA --> DNA --> Protein
b)
Protein --> RNA --> DNA
c)
DNA --> RNA --> Protein
d)
DNA --> Protein --> RNA
8.
Which amino acid is made from the RNA codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Leucine
c)
Serine
d)
Tyrosine
9.
If the mRNA sequence is AGA UUU CGA GCC,
what is the complementary tRNA anticodons?
a)
AGA TTT CGA GCC
b)
UCU AAA GCU CGG
c)
TCT AAA GCT CGG
d)
UCU AAA CGA GGG
10.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
11.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA
a)
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
b)
Met-Pro-Val
c)
Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
12.
The lac operon genes only become expressed if:
a)
lactose binds to the repressor
b)
glucose binds to the repressor
c)
lactose binds to the operator
d)
the repressor binds to the operator
13.

A mutation within the promoter region has occurred. What would potentially happen to transcription rate?

a)

Mutated promoters decrease the rate of transcription.

b)

Mutated promoters increase the rate of transcription.

c)

Mutated promoters can increase or decrease the rate of transcription.

d)

Mutated promoters cease transcription of the adjacent gene.

14.

Which of the following are types of post-transcriptional control of genes in eukaryotes?

a)

alternative RNA splicing or processing

b)

gene silencing through RNA interference

c)

destruction of ubiquitin tagged proteins

d)

all of the above

15.

Study of genes and their function.

a)

Forensics

b)

Bioinformatics

c)

Genomics

d)

Human Genome Project

16.

What is transformation?

a)

The use of viruses to transform or genetically


engineer cells.

b)

The measure of how well cells are transformed in a new phenotype.

c)

The insertion of a foreign plasmid into a bacterial cell which results in new acquired traits.

d)

Genetic engineering or transformation of mammalian cells.

17.

In cell signaling, how is the flow of specific ions

regulated?

a)

Opening and closing of ligand-gated channels

b)

Transduction

c)

Cytoskeleton rearrangement

d)

Endocytosis

18.

Many signal transduction pathways use second messengers to:

a)

transport a signal through the lipid bilayer portion of the plasma membrane.

b)

relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell.

c)

relay the message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm.

d)

amplify the message by phosphorylating proteins.

19.
A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a
a)
ligand
b)
second messenger
c)
protein kinase
d)
receptor protein
20.

This is an example of

a)

paracrine signaling

b)

endocrine signaling

c)

autocrine signaling

d)

juxtacrine signaling

21.

Type of cell signaling where the ligand is released and will affect cells in its "neighborhood"

a)

autocrine signaling

b)

juxtracrine signaling

c)

paracrine signaling

d)

endocrine signaling

22.

Type of cell signaling where the ligand is produced at a location distant from its target cell(s)

a)

autocrine signaling

b)

juxtracrine signaling

c)

paracrine signaling

d)

endocrine signaling

23.

What is Apoptosis?

a)

Programmed cell death

b)

Inflammation of cell

c)

Phagocytosis

d)

Plasmolysis

24.

An example of endocrine cell communication is:

a)

White blood cells bumping into each other sharing antigen info

b)

Neurons communicating across a synapse

c)

Hormones traveling through the blood stream to target tissues

25.
Which of the following correctly describes the reception stage of this signal transduction pathway?
a)
epinephrine binds to a g-protein coupled receptor protein present in the cell membrane
b)
the g protein changes shape, is activated, activates adenyl cyclase, which activates cAMP, which activates protein kinases
c)
protein kinases phosphoylate molecules
d)
glycogen synthesis is inhibited and glycogen breakdown is promoted
26.
Which of the following correctly describes the transduction stage of this signal transduction pathway?
a)
epinephrine binds to a g-protein coupled receptor protein present in the cell membrane
b)
the g protein changes shape, is activated, activates adenyl cyclase, which activates cAMP, which activates protein kinases
c)
cAMP binds to the g-protein coupled receptor protein
d)
glycogen synthesis is inhibited and glycogen breakdown is promoted
27.

Define Fight or Flight Response:

a)

a chemical/biological agent, environmental condition, external stimulus, or an event seen as causing stress to an organism (Ex: Environmental stressor-high/low temperatures, elevated sound levels, overcrowding, etc.).

b)

a sequence within the body that is triggered when the body prepares itself for defending/attacking (fight) or running away to safety (flight). Including increased heart rate, increased metabolism, pupil dilation and others.

c)

completely insane without true cause

d)

the act of cooking food by applying dry heat; for example, a conventional oven.

28.
What determines whether a signal molecule binds on the surface or enters the cell?
a)
size
b)
polarity
c)
ability to cross the membrane
d)
all of these are correct
29.
When you get cut, your skin cells release hormones that signal platelets to come and stop the bleeding. Platelets then release more hormones that signal even more platelets to help stop bleeding. The hormone signals continue until the cut is closed.
a)
Positive Feedback Response
b)
Negative Feedback Loop 
30.
As you get dehydrated, your blood becomes thicker and harder to pump. Your kidneys will respond by stopping urine production, sending the water from urine into your bloodstream to thin your blood back to normal level.
a)
Positive Feedback Response
b)
Negative Feedback Loop 
31.

Which of the following is a secondary messenger?

a)

cAMP

b)

ATP

c)

Protein Kinase

d)

Ligand

32.

Which of the following is a potential response for the cell?

a)

Conformational Change of Receptor

b)

Transcription Factor

c)

Phosphorylation Cascade

d)

Release of Ca2+ from Smooth ER

33.

How is paracrine and hormone signaling different?

a)

hormone signaling involves bloodstream, long-distance and paracrine involves extracellular fluid, short-distance

b)

hormone signaling involves extracellular fluid, short-distance and paracrine involves bloodstream, long-distance

c)

hormone signaling involves extracellular fluid, long-distance and paracrine involves bloodstream, short-distance

d)

hormone signaling involves bloodstream, short-distance and paracrine involves extracellular fluid, long-distance

34.

How are ligands cell-specific?

a)

Each cell has a different response to the ligand.

b)

Each cell has different receptors to bind to the ligand

c)

Each cell has different relay molecules based on the ligand.

d)

Each cell has different processes for endocytosis.

35.

Plant cells can send direct contact messages to another cell using these passageways:

a)

gap junctions

b)

plasmodesmata

36.
Homeostasis
a)
allows for a wildly fluctuating internal environment
b)
is impossible in vertebrates
c)
is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation
d)
is the maintenance of a relatively stable external environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation
37.

Which body system controls the body to maintain homeostasis?

a)

excretory

b)

nervous

c)

circulatory

d)

skeletal

38.
a body system that controls growth and homeostasis by secreting hormones from glands.
a)
skeletal system
b)
nervous system
c)
endocrine sytem
d)
integumentary system
39.
What is the endocrine system?
a)
senses the hormone levels in the blood
b)
controls all other endocrine glands
c)
A group of glands that work together with the nervous system to coordinate all body functions
d)
decreases bone calcium levels
40.
Negative Feedback Loops:
a)
amplify processes
b)
prevent small changes from getting larger
c)
are initiated during childbirth
d)
are found only in plants
41.

What is the function of insulin?

a)

diagnose diabetes

b)

turn glucose into energy

c)

help glucose enter the cells of the body

d)

Release glucose stored in the liver

42.

Which of the following correctly pairs the hormone and the response that it causes

a)

Glucagon - makes body cells take in glucose

b)

Insulin - makes body cells take in glucose

c)

Pancreas - makes liver release stored glucagon

d)

Liver - makes pancreas take in stored insulin

43.

Which hormone is released when blood sugar gets too high?

a)

glucose

b)

glucagon

c)

glycogen

d)

insulin

44.

which organ will balance the glucose level in the blood by releasing hormones like insulin or glucagon?

a)

Stomach

b)

Small intensine

c)

large intestine

d)

Pancreas

45.

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

a)

It creates chemicals, or hormones, that are sent around the body to maintain homeostasis.

b)

It creates electrical messages that are sent around the body to maintain homeostasis.

c)

It maintains the correct level of oxygen in the body to maintain homeostasis.

d)

It releases waste from the body to maintain homeostasis.

46.

What is the name of the part of the neuron that is pointed out in the image?

a)

Myelin sheaths

b)

Cell Body (Soma)

c)

Axon

d)

Dendrites

47.

What is the name of the part of the neuron that is pointed out in the image?

a)

Myelin Sheats

b)

Axon

c)

Dendrites

d)

Cell Body (Soma)

48.

When the ligand binds to the receptor, the gate...

a)

Opens

b)

Closes

c)

No Change

d)

Either opens or closes

49.

Why are ions unable to diffuse across the plasma membrane?

a)

They are too large

b)

They are too small

c)

They are charged

d)

They are partially charged

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