The host's immunological response can be reduced by all of the following except:

1. The choice of antibiotics for a dental patient’s infection depends on where it is in its evolution. If the infection is just beginning, the organisms most likely to be present are gram-negative cocci.

2. Penicillin is the drug of choice, unless the patient has a penicillin allergy. Amoxicillin is most often used because it is less irritating to the stomach.

Substance from any source that destroy infections caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa (broad term)

Substances that destroy or suppress multiplication of bacteria

it comes from any source

Which is not an indication for anti-infectives in dentistry?

chemical substances produced by microorganisms

substances that destroy or suppress multiplication of microorganisms (not just bacteria)

The ability to kill bacteria. This effect is irreversible; that is, if the bacteria are removed from contact with the drug, they do not live.

The ability to inhibit the multiplication or growth of bacteria. This is a reversible process because if the bacteria are removed from contact with the agent, they are able to grow and multiply.

1. Bactericidal & bacteriostatic drugs can be taken together.

2. The result is that it renders each drug more effective.

1. Acquired resistance occurs when an organism that was previously sensitive to an antimicrobial agent becomes resistant.

2. Another method by which resistance develops is by the transfer of DNA genetic material from one organism to another.

Antiinfective agents can interact with ________ and __________.

Which is not a penicillin group?

_________ is used for odontogenic infections and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG).

_________ is the drug of choice to prevent infective endocarditis (IE).

___________ is used for resistant strains of bacteria especially for periodontal patients whose disease is severe.

________ breaks down Penicillin so it is ineffective.

______% of Staphylococcus aureus produce this enzyme, making penicillins ineffective.

__________ + clavulanic acid (Augmentin) destroys Penicillinase.

First generation _________ were isolated at the same time as penicillin was discovered. “Expensive cousins” of the penicillins.

They are typically not used for dental infections.

________ is active against same aerobic microorganisms as penicillin, and it is the 1st alternative choice treatment for penicillin allergic patients.

1. Tetracycline has indications for periodontal disease by killing bacteria directly & by affecting the host response

2. Tetracycline contraindications include: pregnancy/lactation, children < 8 years.

Select the semi-synthetic Tetracyclines.

Depending on the literature, Tetracyclines can be considered adjuncts to NSPT in chronic periodontitis ≥ 5mm resulting in:

This drug should not be prescribed for patients with autoimmune GI issues.

This drug when taken with alcohol includes the following symptoms: abdominal cramps, vomiting, and headache.

The brand name is Flagyl.

Metronidazole is effective against ______ bacteria found in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)in the periodontal pocket.

Metronidazole + amoxicillin are good against A. actinomycetemocomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in aggressive periodontal disease and refractory periodontal disease.

1. During stage 1 of an infection, an acute abscess and cellulitis are primarily the result of gram positive organisms.

2. The drug of choice in patients without a penicillin allergy is penicillin or amoxicillin.

During stage 2, the infection is mixed. It can be handled by attacking either the gram+ organisms or the anaerobes. The gram+ organisms can be managed with the same drugs as in stage 1: penicillin or amoxicillin.

To attack the anaerobes, an antiinfective with good anaerobic coverage is needed. The two antibiotics with the most anaerobic coverage are ______ and ______.

1. During stage ____ of an infection, the organisms have coalesced into one area and are almost solely anaerobic.

2. Most often, incision and drainage are sufficient. In fact, drainage sometimes happens spontaneously and the patient is “cured”. Anaerobe specific anti-infectives can be used.

Select the drugs of choice for patients with Penicillin allergy:

Select superinfections.