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WorksheetsPulmonary Concepts & Respiratory Disorders 1
Total questions: 39
Worksheet time: 20mins
What are some common obstructive pulmonary diseases?
Pneumonia
Asthma
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
TB
The two classifications of respiratory diseases are:
Upper and lower
Primary and secondary
Restrictive and obstructive
Define hypercapnia
High O2 in the blood
High CO2 in the blood
Low O2 in the blood
Low CO2 in the blood
Define hypoxemia
Low CO2 in the blood
High O2 in the blood
High CO2 in the blood
Low O2 in the blood
Define total lung capacity (TLC)
The maximum amount of air lungs can hold
The amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs each respiratory cycle
The volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration
The volume of air to maximally exhale below the title volume
Define tidal volume
The maximum amount of air lungs can hold
The amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs each respiratory cycle
The amount of air left over after fully exhaling
The volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration
Define residual volume
The maximum amount of air lungs can hold
The amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs each respiratory cycle
Expiratory: The amount of air left over after fully exhaling
The volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration
Define vital capacity
The maximum amount of air lungs can hold
The amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs each respiratory cycle
Expiratory: The amount of air left over after fully exhaling
The volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration
_______________ measures how elastic the lung is (how easily it can stretch)
Elastic recoil
Compliance
_______________ measures the lungs ability to recoil after being stretched (how easily it can return to its original shape)
Elastic recoil
Compliance
Two components of ventilation are:
Elastic recoil and compliance
Restrictive and obstructive
Total lung capacity and vital capacity
Inspiration and expiration
Define pulmonary circulation
Provides lungs with blood for gas exchange
Gives the lungs oxygenated blood
Inspiration and expiration
Elastic recoil and compliance
Define bronchial circulation
Provides lungs with blood for gas exchange
Gives the lungs oxygenated blood
Elastic recoil and compliance
Inspiration and expiration
When referring to respiratory circulation, what two circulatory paths are we referring to?
Inspiration and expiration
Elastic recoil and compliance
Intrathoracic and external (atmospheric) pressure
Pulmonary circulation and bronchial circulation
Air flows from an area of high to an area of low pressure, changing intrathoracic pressure in relation to the external (atmospheric) pressure.
We call this:
Total lung volume
Inspiration and expiration
Ventilation
Lung compliance
Define forced expiratory volume (FEV)
(AKA expiratory reserve volume (ERV))
The volume of air to maximally exhale below the title volume
The amount of CO2 dissolved in the blood
The amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs each respiratory cycle
The volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration
Define PaO2
The maximum amount of air lungs can hold
The amount of oxygen carried by hemoglobin compared to the amount it can carry (percentage of how full hemoglobin are with oxygen)
The amount of oxygen dissolved in the plasma measured in mmhg
The amount of CO2 dissolved in the blood
Define SaO2
The volume of air to maximally exhale below the title volume
The amount of oxygen carried by hemoglobin compared to the amount it can carry (percentage of how full hemoglobin are with oxygen)
The amount of oxygen dissolved in the plasma measured in mmhg
The amount of air left over after fully exhaling
Define PaCO2
The amount of oxygen dissolved in the plasma measured in mmhg
The amount of oxygen carried by hemoglobin compared to the amount it can carry
The amount of CO2 dissolved in the blood
what would cause an oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to shift to the right?
Decreased H+,increased CO2, increase temperature
Decreased H+, decreased CO2, decrease temperature
Increased H+, increased CO2, Increased temperature
Increased H+, decreased CO2, decreased temperature
What would cause an oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to shift to the left?
Decreased H+, decreased CO2, decrease temperature
Increased H+, increased CO2, Increased temperature
Increased H+, decreased CO2, decreased temperature
Decreased H+, increased CO2, increase temperature
What are two receptors used to adjust ventilation patterns?
Chemoreceptors and mechanical receptors
Baroreceptors and mechanical receptors
Chemoreceptors and baroreceptors
What are the two types of chemoreceptors that adjust ventilation patterns and what chemical do they target?
Central (in brain), H or CO2 and Peripheral (in aorta and carotids), O2
Central (in brain), O2 and Peripheral (in aorta and carotids) and H or CO2
If the body senses an increase in either H or CO2, it ________ ventilation
Increases
Decreases
If the body senses a decrease in O2, it _____________ ventilation
Increases
Decreases
Define cheyne-Stokes breathing pattern:
A pattern usually onset by cardiac problems; Is distinguished by a period of apnea followed my rapid breathing and another period of apnea
A type of hyperventilation that is labored and gasping (it is related to metabolic acidosis)
Fast shallow breaths
Fast deep breaths
Define Kussmaul breathing pattern
A pattern usually onset by cardiac problems and is distinguished by a period of apnea followed my rapid breathing and another period of apnea
A type of hyperventilation that is labored and gasping (it is related to metabolic acidosis)
Fast shallow breaths
Fast deep breaths
Define tachypnea
A pattern usually onset by cardiac problems and is distinguished by a period of apnea followed my rapid breathing and another period of apnea
A type of hyperventilation that is labored and gasping (it is related to metabolic acidosis)
Fast shallow breaths
Fast deep breaths
Define hyperventilation
A pattern usually onset by cardiac problems and is distinguished by a period of apnea followed my rapid breathing and another period of apnea
A type of hyperventilation that is labored and gasping (it is related to metabolic acidosis)
Fast shallow breaths
Fast deep breaths
What are three ways to trigger a mechanical receptor?
Coughing, blood in the sputum, increased CO2
Bronchoconstriction, cough, increased CO2
Irritants, muscle stretching, alveolar pressure
What is the physiological result of irritants in the lungs?
The body compensates by taking in more oxygen by increasing the volume size of the lung
Rapid, shallow breathing
Bronchial constriction and increased ventilation
Fast shallow breath
What is the physiological result of muscle stretching in the lungs? (ie: When an individual exercises)
Rapid shallow breathing (this protects the body from over-inflation)
Fast shallow breaths
Bronchial constriction and increased ventilation
The body compensates by taking in more oxygen and breathing out more CO2 by increasing the volume/size of lung
What is the physiological result of alveolar pressure in the lungs?
Increase pressure can cause rapid shallow breathing (this protects the body from over-inflation)
The body compensates by taking in more oxygen and breathing out more CO2 by increasing the volume/size of lung
Bronchial constriction and increased ventilation
Fast, deep breaths
What is the common pathology and symptoms of restrictive pulmonary diseases?
Decreased compliance --> decreased total lung capacity (TLC), decreased vital capacity (VC), decreased residual volume (RV)
Increase compliance --> increases total lung capacity (TLC), decreased vital capacity (VC), increased residual volume (RV)
What is the common pathology and symptoms of obstructive pulmonary diseases?
Decrease compliance --> decreased total lung capacity (TLC), decreased vital capacity (VC), decreased residual volume (RV)
Increase compliance --> increases total lung capacity (TLC), decreased vital capacity (VC), increased residual volume (RV)
What are the two areas of the lungs that are affected by restrictive pulmonary diseases?
Parenchymal (portion of lungs involved in gas exchange) and Pleural (lining of the lungs that surround the area of gas exchange
Parenchymal (lining of the lungs that surround the area of gas exchange) and Pleural (portion of lungs involved in gas exchange)
Upper and lower respiratory
What are some diseases of restrictive pulmonary diseases that affect the parenchymal area?
Acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS], pneumonia, TB, fibrosis
Pneumothorax, pleural effusion
Asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema
Pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pneumonia
What are some diseases of restrictive pulmonary diseases that affect the pleural area?
Acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS], pneumonia, TB, fibrosis
Asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema
Pneumothorax, pleural effusion
Pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pneumonia
What are some signs and symptoms of pulmonary disease?
Dyspnea, cough, sputum, pain, cyanosis, tachypnea, Kussmaul, Cheyne-Stokes, hyperventilation, hypoventilation)
Atelectasis, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis
Asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema
Decrease compliance
