Font size
WorksheetsImmunological Disorders
Total questions: 25
Worksheet time: 15mins
Which of the following are functions of the immune system? Select all that apply
protects against invasion & infection
maintain homeostasis
surveillance & removal of mutations
removes waste gases, including carbon dioxide, from the body
Which of the following properly defines a property of immune response?
Specificity: differentiate between own and foreign proteins
Specialization: reacts differently to antigens
Memory: antigen eliminated -> stimuli for response decreased
Self-regulation: formation of specific antibody to the specific antigen
Which two are mechanisms of natural (innate) immunity?
anatomical barriers (skin, hairs, mucus)
macrophages & Natural Killer cells
T cells
B cells
What is another term for B cell (lymphocyte) immunity?
cell-mediated immunity
humoral immunity
What is the role of antibodies?
stimulate immune response by invading the body
engulf invading cells
attack the antigen
mature into B cells
What is the process of the Humoral Immune Response?
WBC creates inflammatory mediators called cytokines
pathogen invades -> B lymphocyte for that antigen recognizes it & is activated -> immunoglobulins secreted -> antigen destroyed
naive or immature B cell -> encounter antigen -> B cell then stimulated to further mature into plasma cells
a patient receives a vaccine that helps his body fight of new a virus
What role do T-lymphocytes play in the immune response? Select all that apply
attack antigens (T-cytotoxic)
destroy pathogen (T-cytotoxic)
regulate overall immune respinse (T-helper/T-suppressor)
act as phagocytes
What role do cytokines play in immune response?
act as phagocytes
factors secreted by T cells, B cells, monocytes, macrophages; messengers of immune system
large lymphocytes
attack antigens
Which of the following describes a Type I Hypersensitivity reaction?
-antigen-antibody complexes deposited on tissues
-tissue destroyed
-binding of antibodies to antigen on cell surface
-tissue destroyed
-Type IV cell mediated
-sensitized T-cells, cytotoxic or cytokine producing T cell
-tissue destroyed
-production of antigen specific IgE
-inc antigen and repeated exposure -> more IgE, sensitization
-IgE bound to mast cells
-antigen exposure-> mast cells degranulate, inflammatory response
Which of the following describes a Type III Hypersensitivity reaction?
-production of antigen specific IgE
-inc antigen and repeated exposure -> more IgE, sensitization
-IgE bound to mast cells
-antigen exposure-> mast cells degranulate, inflammatory response
antigen-antibody complexes deposited on tissues
-tissue destroyed
-binding of antibodies to antigen on cell surface
-tissue destroyed
-sensitized T-cells, cytotoxic or cytokine producing T cell
-tissue destroyed
What is the pathophysiology of an allergy?
body fails to recognize self-proteins and reacts against them
Type I hypersensitivity reactions - inc IgE leading to sensitization -> inflammation -> histamine release
immune system produces reaction against tissues of another
Donny just ate a grape for the first time and is experiencing dysrhythmias, bronchial constriction, edema, watery eyes, and hypotension. How might the doctor treat his symptoms?
antihistamine
skin test
radioimmunosorbent testing
epinephrine
What is the pathophysiology behind Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
immune reaction against tissues of another person
autoantibodies bind to DNA antigens -> complexes accumulate and cause tissue damage
-HIV - retrovirus (replicate backwards RNA-DNA)
-HIV enters cells when the gp 120 knobs bind to specific CD4 receptor sites on cells
-viral RNA is transcribed into DNA with an enzyme - reverse transcriptase
-DNA replicates -> double strand viral DNA
-viral DNA enter nucleus -> permanent part of genetic material
-T-helper cells infected most -> immune dysfunction
body mistakenly attacks its own joint tissue
Pauly D came into the ER after having a seizure. He also had a butterfly-pattern facial rash, photosensitivity, joint pain, and anemia. What autoimmune disease will the nurse suspect first?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Alloimmunity
HIV
arthritis
Jane finally receives a donor liver after waiting a year. After her surgery, she feels unwell and her nurse tells her she has something called "Alloimmunity." Jane asks what this means. How would the nurse respond?
"You are having an allergic reaction to the new liver"
"This is secondary to another disorder called Systemic Lupus Erythematosus"
"You will be fine"
"Your immune system has reacted against the antigens on the new liver"
Which of the following are acquired Immunodeficiency disorders? Select all that apply
nutritional deficiencies
genetic anomalies
iatrogenic deficiencies (meds, surgery)
deficiencies caused by trauma
Which is the correct order of the disease process for HIV/AIDS?
HIV binds to CD4 receptors sites on cells. Genetic material enters cell & viral RNA transcribed into DNA with reverse transcriptase. Viral DNA becomes permanent part of cell’s genetic structure. HIV infects T-cells, monocytes, brain and nerve cells. Destruction of T-cells cause immune dysfunction. Immune problems start when count < 500 and severe problems (AIDS) when t-cells < 200.
HIV binds to CD4 receptors sites on cells. Genetic material enters cell and viral RNA transcribed into DNA with reverse transcriptase. . Immune problems start when count < 500 and severe problems (AIDS) when t-cells < 200. . Viral DNA becomes permanent part of cell’s genetic structure. HIV infects T-cells, monocytes, brain and nerve cells. Destruction of T-cells cause immune dysfunction.
Immune problems start when count < 500 and severe problems (AIDS) when t-cells < 200. HIV infects T-cells, monocytes, brain and nerve cells. Destruction of T-cells cause immune dysfunction. Viral DNA becomes permanent part of cell’s genetic structure. HIV binds to CD4 receptors sites on cells. Genetic material enters cell and viral RNA transcribed into DNA with reverse transcriptase.
HIV infects T-cells, monocytes, brain and nerve cells. Destruction of T-cells cause immune dysfunction. Immune problems start when count < 500 and severe problems (AIDS) when t-cells < 200. HIV binds to CD4 receptors sites on cells. Genetic material enters cell and viral RNA transcribed into DNA with reverse transcriptase. Viral DNA becomes permanent part of cell’s genetic structure.
Mark's T-cell count is > 500. He is experiencing very vague symptoms. At which stage of HIV is he in?
Acute Retroviral Syndrome
Early Infection
Early Symptomatic Disease
AIDS
What diagnostic tests may be performed on a patient suspected to have HIV/AIDS? Select All that apply.
HIV antibody test
T-cell count
viral load
antinuclear antibody test
Karen thinks she may have Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). You listen to Karen describe her signs and symptoms. Which of the following would be supportive of Karen’s potential self-diagnosis? Select all that apply.
Karen reports that in cold weather her hands turn white and cold (Raynaud’s phenomenon)
She has severe joint pain & swelling
Her eyes and mouth are constantly dry
She is extremely tired and has lost 8 pounds in the past 3 months
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Rheumatoid arthritis may affect tissues other than the joints of the hand.
Men are more commonly affected by autoimmune diseases than women.
Some autoimmune disorders are systemic.
Genetic predisposition plays a role in the development of autoimmune diseases.
Next
Jimmy just ate his first dino nugget. He starts sneezing and having watery eyes immediately. What 2 treatment options would best treat Jimmys symptoms?
avoid allergen
epinephrine
antihistamines
inhaler
A patient was just diagnosed with Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following are the best treatment options?
1. aspirin, NSAIDS
2. corticosteroids 3. immunosuppresives
1. monitoring
2. meds for HIV infection – block reverse transriptase, protease inhibitors
3. meds for opportunistic infections – treatment and prophylactic
1. antinuclear antibodies
2. ANTI Sm antibody (Smith nuclear antigen)
1. avoid allergen
2. desensitization
3. antihistamines
4. epinephrine
A patients T cell count is just under 500. Early symptoms of HIV are starting to present themselves. Which stage is this patient in?
Acute retroviral syndrome
AIDS
Early Symptomatic Disease
Early Infection
Which of the following is characterized by a depletion of T cells?
allergy
rheumatoid arthritis
Multiple sclerosis
HIV/AIDS
