Early studies of cells were conducted by Mathias Schleiden (1838)

Early studies of cells were conducted by Theodor Schwann (1839)

Schleiden and Schwann proposed the Cell

Theory.

Cells were discovered in 1665 by Robert

Hooke.

All organisms are composed of cells.

All cells contains a nucleus.

Cells are the smallest living things.

Cells arise only from pre-existing cells.

Genetic material – in a nucleoid or nucleus

Centriole – a straw-like structure

Cytoplasm – a semifluid matrix

Plasma membrane – a phospholipid bilayer

0.1 mm - 100 μm

0.01 μm - 100 nm

100 - 10 μm

10 - 1 μm

Lack of nucleus.

more complex than a Eukaryotic cells.

Larger than a Eukaryotic cells.

Cannot execute locomotion.

possess a membrane-bound nucleus

are more complex than prokaryotic cells

compartmentalize many cellular functions

possess a cytoskeleton for support

May or may not contains cell wall

Stores the genetic material of the cell in the form of multiple, linear chromosomes.

Surrounded by a nuclear envelope composed of 2 phospholipid bilayers.

Stores carbohydrate to generates power to transfer to the mitochondria.

DNA is organized with proteins to form chromatin.

It is the site of protein synthesis in the cell.

Only a few within a cell.

Composed of ribosomal RNA and

proteins.

Found within the cytosol of the cytoplasm and attached to internal membranes.

Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Lysosomes

Ribosome

Nucleus

Membranes that create a network of channels throughout the cytoplasm

Attachment of ribosomes to the membrane gives a rough appearance

Flattened stacks of interconnected membranes, didn't attracted to the nucleus.

Synthesis of proteins to be secreted, sent to lysosomes or plasma membrane

Relatively few ribosomes attached

Synthesis of membrane lipids

Calcium storage

Detoxification of foreign substances

Distribute materials to different parts of the cell

Flattened stacks of interconnected membranes.

Interconnected to the nucleus.

Connected with a lot of ribosome.

Packaging and distribution of materials to different parts of the cell.

Synthesis of cell wall components.

Membrane bound vesicles containing digestive enzymes to break down macromolecules

Attachment of ribosomes to the membrane

gives a rough appearance

Divides cell into compartments where

different cellular functions occur

Found within the cytosol of the cytoplasm

and attached to internal membranes

Destroy cells or foreign matter that the cell has engulfed by phagocytosis

Contain oxidative metabolism for transferring

the energy within macromolecules to ATP

Organelles present in all types of eukaryotic

cells.

Surround by only one membrane

matrix is within the inner membrane

Doesn't not contain their own DNA

Organelles present in cells of plants and some other eukaryotes

Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis

Blue colored, may occurs in red

Surrounded by thylakoids and grana membranes

SER > Mitochondria > Cell membrane

RER > Mitochondria > Cell membrane

RER > Golgi Apparatus > Cell membrane

SER > Golgi Apparatus > Cell membrane

They are forms in the cell originally

They evolved and create them out of the blue

Its a symbiotic relationship where they grow and engulfed the whole cell.

A cell engulfed them and a symbiotic relationship developed

Supports the shape of the cell.

Network of protein fibers found in all eukaryotic cells.

propel in a cell in a whip-like motion.

Keeps organelles in fixed locations.

Helps locomotes materials within the cell.

Intermediate filaments - structural stability

Microtubules - move materials within the cell

Endocyticbules - contractions, crawling

Actin filaments - pinching

Flagella - move in a coordinated back-and-forth motion

Flagella - propel the cell in a whip-like motion

Cilia - propel the cell in a whip-like motion

Cilia - move in a coordinated back-and-forth motion

9-5 structure : 9 pairs of microtubules

surrounded by a 5 central microtubules

9-4 structure : 9 pairs of microtubules

surrounded by a 4 central microtubules

9-2 structure : 9 pairs of microtubules

surrounded by a 2 central microtubules

9-6 structure : 9 pairs of microtubules

surrounded by a 6 central microtubules