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DR. MIROSHNYK Solutions as a Dosage Form

Total questions: 58

Worksheet time: 2hrs 5mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Liquid preparations that contain one or more chemical substances molecularly dispersed in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents.

a)

Pharmaceutical Solutions

b)

Biochemical Solutions

2.

Which of the following are considered Advantages of the Pharmaceutical Solutions? Select all that apply

a)

Enhanced bioavailability

b)

Fast onset of activity

c)

Homogeneity (= dose uniformity)

d)

Flexible dosage

e)

Ease of administration

3.

Which of the following are considered Disadvantages of the Pharmaceutical Solutions? Select all that apply

a)

Stability issues, Leakage from container

b)

Patient inaccuracy

c)

More pronounced taste

d)

API solubility issues

e)

Bulky

4.

Which of the following are considered the Common Pharmaceutical Solvents? Select all that apply

a)

Glycerin, USP, Mineral Oil, USP

b)

Alcohol, USP, Propylene Glycol, USP

c)

Purified Water, USP

d)

Diluted Alcohol, NF

e)

Alcohol, Rubbing

5.

Which of the following is the most most preferable solvent for liquid preparations with a Dry residue  NMT 0.001%?

a)

Alcohol, USP

b)

Alcohol, Rubbing

c)

Glycerin, USP

d)

Purified Water, USP

6.

Which of the following are considered Non-Aqueous Solvents? Select all that apply

a)

Purified Water, USP

b)

Alcohol, USP

(Ethanol)

c)

Diluted Alcohol, NF

d)

Rubbing Alcohol

7.

Which of the following is the most useful solvent for external and internal use?

a)

Alcohol, USP

(Ethanol)

b)

Diluted Alcohol, NF

c)

Rubbing Alcohol

8.

Which of the following is the Hydroalcoholic solvent for external and internal use?

a)

Diluted Alcohol, NF

b)

Rubbing Alcohol

c)

Alcohol, USP

(Ethanol)

9.

Which of the following is for External use only?

a)

Rubbing Alcohol

b)

Diluted Alcohol, NF

c)

Alcohol, USP

(Ethanol)

10.

Which of the following statements are TRUE about Alcohol? Select all that apply

a)

Disadvantage: Undesired pharmacologic and toxic effects

b)

Recommended limits for pediatric OTC oral products

c)

>12 years = NMT 10%

d)

< 6 years = NMT 0.5 %

11.

Which of the following is used externally as a vehicle for topical formulations and as a soothing rub and rubefacient?

a)

Isopropyl Rubbing Alcohol

b)

Purified Water (USP)

12.

Which of the following statements are TRUE about Isopropyl Rubbing Alcohol? Select all that apply

a)

About 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol + water, stabilizers and perfume oils

b)

Used externally as a vehicle for topical formulations and as a soothing rub and rubefacient

c)

Clear syrupy liquid with a sweet taste

d)

Viscous liquid à slow dissolution of solids

13.

What is the %/strength for the Alcohol USP (Ethanol)?

a)

94.9%-96.0% v/v

b)

70% v/v

14.

Approx. 49% (the mixture of equal volumes of Alcohol USP and Purified Water, USP).

a)

True

b)

False

15.

Approx. 50% which means half (the mixture of equal volumes of Alcohol USP and Purified Water, USP).

a)

True

b)

False

16.

Rubbing alcohol has which of the following?

a)

95% (v/v) Ethanol + perfume oils and stabilizers

b)

70%  (v/v) Ethanol + perfume oils and stabilizers

17.

Recommended limits for OTC oral products with Alcohol in a kid which is 13 years old:

a)

NMT 0.5 %

b)

NMT 5 %

c)

NMT 10%

18.

Which of the following are TRUE about Glycerin, USP (Glycerol)? Select all that apply

a)

Suitable for internal use

b)

Clear syrup liquid with a sweet test

c)

Miscible with both water and ethanol

d)

Viscous liquid à slow dissolution of solids

e)

Preservative properties

19.

Which of the following Non-Aqueous Solvents has reported adverse reactions such as contact dermatitis and lactic acidosis?

a)

Propylene Glycol, USP

b)

Glycerin, USP (Glycerol)

c)

Isopropyl Rubbing Alcohol

d)

All of the above

20.

Which of the following is often substituted for glycerin in external and internal formulations?

a)

Glycerin, USP (Glycerol)

b)

Propylene Glycol, USP

c)

Isopropyl Rubbing Alcohol

d)

All of the above

21.

Which of the following are TRUE about Propylene Glycol, USP? Select all that apply

a)

contact dermatitis and lactic acidosis as reported adverse reactions.

b)

Miscible with water and ethanol

c)

Viscous liquid

d)

Often substituted for glycerin in external and internal formulations.

22.

According to BCS, drugs whose highest administration dose strength dissolves in ≤250 ml of water between pH 1 and 7.5 are highly soluble; otherwise, they are considered  to be poorly water soluble.

a)

True

b)

False

23.

If we have a drug that dose strength dissolves in 150 ml of water with a pH of 4 , how is considered this drug?

a)

highly soluble

b)

poorly water soluble

24.

If we have a drug that dose strength dissolves in 600 ml of water with a pH of 9 , how is considered this drug?

a)

highly soluble

b)

poorly water soluble

25.

Which of the following drugs is an example of Complexation as an approach and Cyclodextrines as a solubilizing agent?

a)

Itraconazole

b)

Digoxin

c)

Atropine Sulfate

26.

Which of the following drugs is an example of Salt formation as an approach and Counter-ions as a solubilizing agent?

a)

Itraconazole

b)

Atropine sulfate

c)

Digoxin

27.

Which of the following drugs is an example of Co-solvents as an approach and 20% v/v alcohol as a solubilizing agent?

a)

Itraconazole

b)

Atropine sulfate

c)

Digoxin

28.

Which of the following are considered Buffers? Select all that apply

a)

acetates

b)

citrates

c)

phosphates

d)

Sodium benzoate

29.

Which of the following are considered Antimicrobial preservatives? Select all that apply

a)

methyl-/propylparabens

b)

sodium benzoate (0.1%)

c)

benzoic acid

d)

alcohol 15-20%

e)

sorbic acid

30.

Which of the following are considered Sweeteners? Select all that apply

a)

Aspartame (headahe and hypersensitivity

b)

saccharine sodium (sulfonamide => sulfa allergies)

c)

sorbitol

d)

sucrose (avoid in children and diabetic patients)

31.

Which of the following are considered Flavorants? Select all that apply

a)

volatile oils

b)

vanillin

c)

menthol

d)

sucrose

32.

Which of the following are considered Viscosity modifiers? Select all that apply

a)

MCC

b)

CMC

c)

HPMC

d)

Sucrose

33.

Which of the following are considered Surfactants? Select all that apply

a)

Tweens

b)

HPMC

c)

Spans

d)

CMC,

e)

MCC

34.

Which of the following is considered a Chelating agent?

a)

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium)

b)

Tweens

c)

Spans

d)

CMC

e)

MCC

35.

Aqueous solutions are simple solutions mostly oral Syrups.

a)

True

b)

False

36.

Which of the following are considered Aqueous solutions?

a)

Aromatic waters (solutions saturated with volatile oils)

b)

elixirs

c)

mouthwashes

d)

gargles

e)

tinctures

37.

Which of the following are considered Non- Aqueous solutions (Hydroalcoholic solutions)? Select all that apply

a)

Aromatic waters (solutions saturated with volatile oils)

b)

elixir

c)

mouthwashes

d)

gargles

e)

tinctures

38.

Which of the following are TRUE about Non-Aqueous solutions? Select all that apply

a)

Hydroalcoholic solutions

b)

elixirs, mouthwashes, gargles, tinctures

c)

Oily preparations

d)

Aromatic waters (solutions saturated with volatile oils

39.

Sorbitol is considered a sugar substitute.

a)

True

b)

False

40.

Concentrated, aqueous preparations of sugar (sucrose) or sugar substitutes (e.g. sorbitol) intended for oral administration of bitter-tasting drug substances.

a)

Syrups

b)

Flavorants

c)

Colorants

d)

Emulsions

41.

Know this

a)

Yes

b)

No

42.

Which of the following are TRUE about the Preservation of Syrups? Select all that apply

a)

Self-preserving by high sucrose concentration

b)

Refrigerating

c)

By preservatives (glycerin, benzoic acid, alcohol). Free water is preserved by 18% of absolute (100%) alcohol

d)

DO NOT refrigerate

43.

Which of the following are TRUE about Simple Syrup, USP? Select all that apply

a)

Simple Syrup, USP (85% w/v) is self-preserved due to its high sugar concentration.

b)

Simple syrup (sp.gr = 1.313) contains 46.3 mL of water/100 mL of solution => 85 g of sucrose preserves 46.3 mL of water (1 g preserves 0.54 mL of water)

c)

If a syrup containing less sucrose is formulated, free water must be preserved

d)

Contain flavoring agents to enhance palatability

44.

Which of the following are TRUE about Elixirs? Select all that apply

a)

Clear, sweetened, hydroalcoholic (5%-40% v/v) solutions intended for oral use

b)

Contain flavoring agents to enhance palatability

c)

Contain coloring agents

d)

(85% w/v) is self-preserved due to its high sugar concentration.

45.

Which of the following cannot be administered to pediatric patients and patients on antidepressant medication?

a)

Syrups

b)

Elixirs

46.

Which of the following is less viscous and contain less sugar?

a)

Elixirs

b)

Syrups

47.

Elixirs are prepared mostly by simple solution with agitation method.

a)

True

b)

False

48.

Elixirs must be stored in tight, light resistant containers and protective from excessive heat.

a)

True

b)

False

49.

Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable materials or from crude chemical substances (iodine).

a)

Elixirs

b)

Tinctures

50.

The alcohol content in Tinctures ranges from ?

a)

15-25%

b)

15-80%

51.

Which of the following are TRUE about Tinctures? Select all that apply

a)

Alcohol content ranges from 15-80%.

b)

Can also be extracted in vegetable glycerin or apple cider vinegar

c)

Low patient compliance

d)

Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable materials or from crude chemical substances (iodine)

52.

Saturated solutions of aromatic or volatile substances in water with NO therapeutic action (Internal or external use).

a)

Aromatic Waters

b)

Tinctures

53.

Aromatic Waters are used as flavoring or perfuming vehicles.

a)

True

b)

False

54.

Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances.

a)

Aromatic Waters

b)

Spirits

55.

Which of the following can be used internally, externally, or by inhalation?

a)

Spirits

b)

Aromatic Waters

56.

What is the Spirits alcoholic concentration?

a)

typically over 40%

b)

typically over 60%

c)

Alcohol content ranges from 15-80%

d)

5%-40% v/v

e)

85% w/v

57.

Spirits are used as flavoring agents or as therapeutics.

a)

True

b)

False

58.

Know this

a)

Yes

b)

No