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Physiology Exam 2

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 55mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Sarcomeres allow for the muscle cells to recoil back to its resting state.

a)

True

b)

False

2.

Within muscle cells, what stores Ca++?

a)

Sarcolemma

b)

Sarcomere

c)

Sarcoplasm

d)

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

3.

What are "support proteins" in the sarcomere?

a)

Actin

b)

Myosin

c)

Nebulin

d)

Titin

4.

_______________ are anchored to the M line.

a)

Actin

b)

Myosin

c)

Tropomyosin

d)

Troponin

5.

The neuromuscular junction includes the....

a)

Actin and myosin

b)

Synaptic cleft

c)

Motor end plate

d)

Calcium

6.

When an action potential causes ACh to be released and open channels to allow sodium into the muscle cell, this change in gradient potential will cause Ca++ to be released. This is called excitation-contraction coupling.

a)

True

b)

False

7.

What ion reacts with tropomyosin to allow the proteins to move aside from the binding sites on actin?

a)

Sodium

b)

Potassium

c)

ACh

d)

Calcium

8.

The nervous system usually signals skeletal muscle contractions but it can occur from another system.

a)

True

b)

False

9.

A triad arrangement includes....

a)

T-tubules

b)

sarcoplasmic reticulum

c)

sarcolemma

d)

myofibril

10.

In the sliding filament theory, ATP

a)

Pulls down the myosin head

b)

Pushes up the myosin head

c)

Creates the powerstroke

d)

Creates the crossbridge

11.

When muscles shorten, it produces

a)

ATP

b)

Length

c)

Tension

d)

More proteins

12.

When ATP is no longer available, the muscle cell will

a)

Become fatigued

b)

Create more ATP

c)

Stay contracted

d)

Borrow from neighboring muscle cells

13.

Actin are anchored to ________ in smooth muscles and _____ in skeletal muscles

a)

dense bodies

b)

M line

c)

Latch-bridge

d)

z discs

14.

The power stroke occurs when

a)

ATP attaches to the myosin head

b)

ADP and phosphate group release

c)

ATP causes the myosin head to slide

15.

ATP is converted to ADP and a phosphate group by

a)

ATPase

b)

ATP dehydrogenase

c)

Active transport Ca++

d)

Creatine phosphate

16.

When a sarcomere shortens, it is called

a)

isotonic contraction

b)

concentric contraction

c)

eccentric contraction

d)

isometric contraction

17.

When a sarcomere lengthens, it is called

a)

isotonic contraction

b)

concentric contraction

c)

eccentric contraction

d)

isometric contraction

18.

When a sarcomere's actin and myosin remain contracted and stable, it is called

a)

isotonic contraction

b)

concentric contraction

c)

eccentric contraction

d)

isometric contraction

19.

Sarcomeres have an optimal length to produce maximal tension.

a)

True

b)

False

20.

We can visual a muscle twitch without a microscope.

a)

True

b)

False

21.

When a stimulus is high and consistent, it creates

a)

Wave summation

b)

Twitch

c)

Tetanus

d)

Treppe

22.

Muscle tone is produced by

a)

strength training

b)

cardio

c)

constant postural stabilization

d)

the CNS constantly sending small signals to various muscle fibers to maintain joint stability

23.

Slow oxidative fibers produce more tension in

a)

low oxygen environments

b)

high altitude

c)

high oxygen environments

d)

any environment where there is a lot of mitochondria

24.

What type of muscle fibers function with lower oxygen environments?

a)

SO

b)

Type 1

c)

FG

d)

FO

25.

Cardiac cells are different from skeletal muscles cells because

a)

They use Na+ instead of potassium

b)

Calcium can enter via the gap junctions

c)

cardiac cells do not require direct neuronal communication

d)

cardiac cells communicate with nearby cells via ions

26.

Smooth muscles cells do not have troponin. Instead, they have a protein called _______

a)

Dense bodies

b)

Calmodulin

c)

Intermediate filaments

d)

Adherens

27.

Smooth muscles cells use intermediate filaments to help with contraction.

a)

True

b)

False

28.

______________ release neurotransmitters to allow smooth muscle to contract.

a)

Pacesetter cells

b)

Vesicles

c)

Neuromuscular junctions

d)

Varicosities

29.

___________help with muscle protein repair.

a)

Satellite cell

b)

Myotube

c)

cytoplasm

d)

PNS

30.

Encapsulated nerve endings decrease sensitivity of the neuron.

a)

True

b)

False

31.

How does creatine phosphate aid in muscle contraction?

4 lines
32.

I have studied

a)

My notes

b)

My labs

c)

Book questions

d)

Book content

e)

Review quiz

33.

________________is the template for bones that is replaced by osteocytes

a)

Hyaline cartilage

b)

Intramembranous ossification

c)

Osteoid

d)

Osteoblast

34.

The two types of ways bones may develop are

a)

Osteoclasts

b)

Otseoblasts

c)

Intramembranous ossification

d)

Endochondral ossification

35.

What is the difference between modeling, remodeling, and repair?

4 lines
36.

What are the steps associated with a bone repair? (Think to yourself what order these would occur in)

a)

External callus

b)

Osteoblast absorbs dead bone

c)

Hematoma

d)

Cartilage in the calli is replaced by bone via endochondral ossification

37.

Calcium is needed to help give the bones it hardness. What is needed to help the body absorb calcium?

(a)  

38.

What nutrients help support bone health? (Think to yourself how they help with bone health.)

a)

Magnesium

b)

Vitamin K

c)

Calcium

d)

Omega-3 Fatty acids

39.

What contributes to a lower BMD?

a)

Being male

b)

Lack of activity

c)

Excess estrogen

d)

Age

40.

(a)   is a hormone that increases the length of bones and helps with bone mineral density.

41.

In a patient with a CO of 6 L/Min and a HR of 65 bpm, what would the SV be?

4 lines
42.

If a person has a stroke volume of 85 ml and an ESV of 35 ml, what would the EDV be?

4 lines
43.

What is the EF% for an individual with a stroke volume of 90 ml, an EDV of 130 ml, and an ESV of 40 ml?

4 lines
44.

What factors affect HR? (Review figure 19.31)

a)

Autonomic innervation

b)

Preload

c)

Heart size

d)

Hormones

45.

What factors affect stroke volume?

a)

Fitness level

b)

Age

c)

Duration of contraction

d)

Afterload

46.

The cranial nerve X (Vagus) sends the sympathetic stimulation to the heart.

a)

True

b)

False

47.

The cardio accelerator and cardioinhibitory are located on the medulla oblongata and control the heart by innervating the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.

a)

True

b)

False

48.

List as many factors (receptors, hormones, ions) as you can that increase HR and contraction. (19.1-19.2)

4 lines
49.

What factors affect SV? (Think to yourself how they would affect SV and if it would affect preload, contractility, or afterload)

a)

Vasodilation

b)

Autonomic innervation

c)

Venous return

d)

Atrial reflex

50.

Blood flow increases to which systems during maximal exercise?

a)

Skeletal muscle

b)

Brain

c)

GI

d)

Integumentary

51.

If a person has low blood pressure, over time there will be changes in________

a)

Increase HR and vasoconstriction

b)

EPO

c)

Angiotensin II

d)

Thirst

52.

During inspiration

a)

Diaphragm moves downward (contraction)

b)

Diaphragm moves upward (contraction)

c)

Thoracic cavity expands

d)

Intercostal muscles contract

53.

(a)   law states that in gass, when volume decreases, pressure increases.

54.

What controls the muscles responsible for pulmonary ventilation?

a)

Medulla oblongata

b)

Pneumotaxic center (relaxation and controlling breathing rate)

c)

Dorsal respiratory group (quiet breathing)

d)

Ventral respiratory group (forced breathing)

55.

External respiration occurs in the respiratory zone.

a)

True

b)

False

56.

Explain partial pressure.

4 lines
57.

The greater the partial pressure difference between two areas, the more ___________ is the movement of gases.

a)

Slow

b)

Rapid

c)

Equalized

d)

Exchange

58.

_______________ is the movement of air into and out of the lungs, and __________ is the flow of blood in the pulmonary capillaries.

(a)  

59.

What affects the hemoglobin disassociation curve?

a)

Time of exercise

b)

pH

c)

Blood temperature

d)

Carbon monoxide

60.

When oxygen combines with hemoglobin, the final product is a bright red molecule called (a)   .

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