Developed classification systems to name living things

Proposed species shared ancestors instead of arising separately

Proposed that all living things were descended from a common ancestors

Proposed theory that all organisms evolved toward perfection and complexity

Developed classification systems to name living things

Proposed species shared ancestors instead of arising separately

Proposed that all living things were descended from a common ancestors

Proposed theory that all organisms evolved toward perfection and complexity

Developed classification systems to name living things

Proposed species shared ancestors instead of arising separately

Proposed that all living things were descended from a common ancestors

Proposed theory that all organisms evolved toward perfection and complexity

Proposed that Earth was much older than 6000 years

That natural disasters such as floods and volcanic eruptions have happened often during Earths long history(catastrophism)

Changes he observed in landforms resulted from slow changes over a long period of time(gradualism)

Proposed theory that all organisms evolved toward perfection and complexity

Proposed species shared ancestors instead of arising separately

Expanded theory of gradualism into theory of uniformitarianism

That natural disasters such as floods and volcanic eruptions have happened often during Earths long history(catastrophism)

Changes he observed in landforms resulted from slow changes over a long period of time(gradualism)

Published "principles of Geology" to support Hutton's theories

Proposed species shared ancestors instead of arising separately

Islands of Hawaii

The northern European continent

Australia

Galapagos Islands

A feature that allows an organism to better survive in its environment

He noticed there were variations between species studied on the Islands

Differences in physical traits

Darwin studied birds and tortoises and said somehow they variated from their surroundings

A feature that allows an organism to better survive in its environment

He noticed there were variations between species studied on the Islands

Differences in physical traits

Darwin studied birds and tortoises and said somehow they adapted to their surroundings

Fossils of species showed changes over time

Suggested that modern organisms have a relationship to the fossils

Differences in physical traits

Darwin said, like the Earth, organisms must change gradually over time

The mechanism by which environment is selective agent

Said that in nature, the environment creates selective pressure instead of humans

Compared what he learned about breeding to his idea of adaptation

The process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits

Overproduction

Descent with Modification

Adaptation

Cognitization

Variation

Creates competition when organisms produce more offspring

Variations in population are the basis

Allow organisms to survive at higher rate and individuals are "naturally selected" to survive and produce offspring

Over time, natural selection will result in species with adaptations that are well-suited for survival

Creates competition when organisms produce more offspring

Variations in population are the basis

Allow organisms to survive at higher rate and individuals are "naturally selected" to survive and produce offspring

Over time, natural selection will result in species with adaptations that are well-suited for survival

Creates competition when organisms produce more offspring

Variations in population are the basis

Allow organisms to survive at higher rate and individuals are "naturally selected" to survive and produce offspring

Over time, natural selection will result in species with adaptations that are well-suited for survival

Creates competition when organisms produce more offspring

Variations in population are the basis

Allow organisms to survive at higher rate and individuals are "naturally selected" to survive and produce offspring

Over time, natural selection will result in species with adaptations that are well-suited for survival

How fast an organism is able to run from predators

The mental capacity of an organism

The measure of ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of a population

The physical capacity of an organism

Support Darwins "descent with modification"

Darwin realized that finches found on Galapagos closely resembled those found on mainland

Embryos showed relationships between organisms and possible common ancestor

Comparing body parts of different species(homologous structures, analogous structures, vestigial structures)

Over time new traits became well established in separate island populations

Darwin realized that finches found on Galapagos closely resembled those found on mainland

Embryos showed relationships between organisms and possible common ancestor

Comparing body parts of different species(homologous structures, analogous structures, vestigial structures)

Different environments on each island led to specific adaptations in diets, habits, beak shapes

Over time new traits became well established in separate island populations

Darwin realized that finches found on Galapagos closely resembled those found on mainland

Embryos showed relationships between organisms and possible common ancestor

Comparing body parts of different species(homologous structures, analogous structures, vestigial structures)

Different environments on each island led to specific adaptations in diets, habits, beak shapes

Over time new traits became well established in separate island populations

Darwin realized that finches found on Galapagos closely resembled those found on mainland

Embryos showed relationships between organisms and possible common ancestor

Comparing body parts of different species(homologous structures, analogous structures, vestigial structures)

Different environments on each island led to specific adaptations in diets, habits, beak shapes

None apply

Structures or organs that seem to lack any useful function that had a function in early ancestor

Features that are similar in structure but have different functions

Structures that perform similar function but are not similar in origin

None apply

Structures or organs that seem to lack any useful function that had a function in early ancestor

Features that are similar in structure but have different functions

Structures that perform similar function but are not similar in origin

None apply

Structures or organs that seem to lack any useful function that had a function in early ancestor

Features that are similar in structure but have different functions

Structures that perform similar function but are not similar in origin

Forelimbs of vertebrates

Wings of bats and insects

Wings of ostriches

Human appendix

Forelimbs of vertebrates

Wings of bats and insects

Wings of ostriches

Human appendix

Forelimbs of vertebrates

Wings of bats and insects

Wings of ostriches

Human appendix

(Molecular fingerprinting) A unique set of proteins are found in specific types of cells. Cells from different species that have the same proteins most likely come from a common ancestor.

Control the development of specific structures

Genes that no longer function(vestigial structures), similarities in organisms suggest common ancestor.

More closely related have more similar DNA.

(Molecular fingerprinting) A unique set of proteins are found in specific types of cells. Cells from different species that have the same proteins most likely come from a common ancestor.

Control the development of specific structures

Genes that no longer function(vestigial structures), similarities in organisms suggest common ancestor.

More closely related have more similar DNA.

(Molecular fingerprinting) A unique set of proteins are found in specific types of cells. Cells from different species that have the same proteins most likely come from a common ancestor.

Control the development of specific structures

Genes that no longer function(vestigial structures), similarities in organisms suggest common ancestor.

More closely related have more similar DNA.

Increases the chance that some individuals will survive

Leads to differences in phenotypes and natural selection

Gene frequency

Happens during Meiosis which increases variation

Increases the chance that same individuals will survive

Each allele exists at a certain frequency

Genetic variation stored in population

Leads to differences in phenotypes

The frequency that a random change in organisms DNA will occur

Increases the chance that some individuals will survive

Genetic variation stored in a population

Each allele exists at a certain frequency

Mutation

Genetic drift

Sexual selection

Recombination

Increases genetic variation in gene pool

Happens during Meiosis(crossing over) which increases variation

Form new traits

Mutations in reproductive cells can be passed on

Increases genetic variation in gene pool

Happens during Meiosis(crossing over) which increases variation

Forms new traits

New allele combination show up in offsprings

The intermediate phenotype is favored and becomes more common

Gives classic "bell-shaped" curve

An observable change in allele frequency of a population over time

Occurs when both extremes are favored and intermediate are selected against

The intermediate phenotype is favored and becomes more common

Both extremes are favored and intermediate is selected against

Decreases genetic diversity

Mean value of a trait shifts in direction of the more extreme phenotype, making it more common

Can lead to formation of new species

The intermediate phenotype is favored and becomes more common

Both extremes are favored and intermediate is selected against

Decreases genetic diversity

Mean value of a trait shifts in direction of the more extreme phenotype, making it more common

Can lead to formation of new species

The intermediate phenotype is favored and becomes more common

Both extremes are favored and intermediate is selected against

Decreases genetic diversity

Mean value of a trait shifts in direction of the more extreme phenotype, making it more common

Can lead to formation of new species

All apply

The movement of alleles between populations

A change in allele frequencies due to chance

Occurs when certain traits increase mating succes

All apply

The movement of alleles between populations

A change in allele frequencies due to chance

Occurs when certain traits increase mating success

All apply

The movement of alleles between populations

A change in allele frequencies due to chance

Occurs when certain traits increase mating success

Increase

Decrease

Increase

Decrease

Increase

Decrease

True

False

Hardy-Weinberg effect- after an event(overhunting)

Fluids effect- after a small number of individuals colonize a new area

Bottleneck effect- after an event(overhunting)

Founder effect- after a small number of individuals colonize a new area

p+q=1

2p+pq2+2q

p2+2pq+q2=1

p2+q2=1

Large populations(no genetic drift)

No migration(no gene flow)

No mutations

Random mating(no sexual selection)

No natural selection

true

false

Two or more species merging into one species

The rise of two or more species from one existing species

None apply

When members of the same populations can no longer mate successfully with another

The rise of two or more species from one existing species

Being physically blocked from reproducing

All apply

Geographic isolation

Behavioral isolation

Physical isolation

Temporal isolation

Timing prevents reproduction between populations

All apply

Involves physical barriers that divide populations

Isolation causes by differences in courtship or mating behavior

Timing prevents reproduction between populations

All apply

Involves physical barriers that divide populations

Isolation causes by differences in courtship or mating behavior

Timing prevents reproduction between populations

All apply

Involves physical barriers that divide populations

Isolation causes by differences in courtship or mating behavior

Evolution towards similar characteristics in unrelated species

Related species evolve in different directions and become increasingly different

Two or more species evolve in response to changes in each other when both are benefiting

Elimination of a species from earth

Evolution towards similar characteristics in unrelated species

Related species evolve in different directions and become increasingly different

Two or more species evolve in response to changes in each other when both are benefiting

Elimination of a species from earth

Evolution towards similar characteristics in unrelated species

Related species evolve in different directions and become increasingly different

Two or more species evolve in response to changes in each other when both are benefiting

Elimination of a species from earth

Evolution towards similar characteristics in unrelated species

Related species evolve in different directions and become increasingly different

Two or more species evolve in response to changes in each other when both are benefiting

Elimination of a species from earth

An observable change in allele frequency of a population over time

Evolution towards similar characteristics in unrelated species

Bursts of evolutionary activity

Diversification of one ancestral species into many descendent species

An observable change in allele frequency of a population over time

Evolution towards similar characteristics in unrelated species

Bursts of evolutionary activity

Diversification of one ancestral species into many descendent species