WorksheetsProtists
Total questions: 47
Worksheet time: 47mins
Protists originated when?
1.8 billion years
2.4 billion years
4.5 billion years
2.3 billion years
4 supergroups
Excavata
unikonta
SAR
Archaeaplastida
Who advocated for the hypothesis of endosymbiosis in the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts, but did not originate the idea.
Lynn Margulis
Carl Woese
Queen Elizabeth
no one
Multi-cellularity Pathway
unicellular to colonial to Multi-cellular
unicellular to multicellular.
unicellular only
Multicellular only
What is the informal taxon for protists?
Monophyletic
Polyphyletic
paraphyletic
homoplasy
What are the origins of unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes in protists?
1.8 billion years ago
2.4 billion years
1.3 billion years ago
2.5 billion years ago
Major and Minor examples of Multicellularity.
Plants, Animals, and Fungi.
Colonial Intermediate
Brown algae, red algae, green algae.
SAR
What is some evidence of mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Inner membranes are similar to plasma membranes of prokaryotes.
Division is similar in these organelles, and some prokaryotes.(Binary Fission)
Cells that lose mitochondria and chloroplasts can not make new ones.
DNA structure is similar to that of prokaryotes.
Organelles transcribe and translate their own DNA.
Some Archaeplastida have chloroplasts with peptidoglycan.
Ribosomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts are more similar to prokaryotic than eukaryotic ribosomes.
What are the characteristics of protists?
Eukaryotic and Diverse.
Most Unicellular, but some are multicellular.
Photoautotrophic and Heterotrophic.
Sexual and Asexual modes.
Symbiosis including endosymbiosis.
What group is ancestor like and has Cadherin genes and many other genes?
Choanoflagellates
(Collar Cells)
(Animals)
Dinoflagellates
SAR
Protists
Giardia Intestinalis causes what and is in what major group?
Backpackers diarrhea and Giardiasis.
Group -Excavata
Backpackers diarrhea and Giardiasis.
Group - SAR
Backpackers Diarrhea and Giardiasis.
Group - Unikonta
Backpackers diarrhea and Giardiasis.
Group - Archaepastida.
What is Trichomoniasis and major group are they in?
A parasite
causes- Trichomonas Vaginalis.
STD
Symbiont Relationship -termite guts
Flagellates in turn have symbiotic bacteria on their surface that produce the cellulase so termites can digest wood.
Group-excavata
What is Naegleria Fowleri and what major group does it belong to?
Brain-eating Amoeba
Group - Excavata
Group -SAR
Termite guts
Where is Naegleria Fowleri found and how does it infect an individual?
Warm waters, lakes, ponds, rivers, soil.
Rare pathogen - localized outbreaks.
Invade the CNS through the olfactory mucosa, reach brain.
usually identified post mortem.
Euglenozoa is what type of taxon?
A diverse monophyletic clade.
a polyphyletic taxon.
polyphyletic taxon
none of these.
Euglenozoa are what? What group do they belong to?
Descended from ancestral cell that contained a chloroplast derived from green algae (secondary even tertiary endosymbiosis).
Chloroplast lost in trypanosomes leishmania.
Remnant genes provide evidence.
Major group - Excavata.
include:
Predatory Heterotrophs
Photosynthetic autotrophs (euglenids)
Pathogenic parasites
Familiar Euglena
What is Euglenozoa: Kinetoplastids? What group do they belong to?
Include free-living consumers of prokaryotes in freshwater, marine, and moist terrestrial ecosystems.
Blood Parasites
Responsible for Trypansoma
sleeping sickness and Chagas' Disease
Has VSG - Variable surface glycoprotein.
Group- Excvata
What major clade of protists is a DIRECT descendent of the original endosymbiosis that involved a cynabacterium?
SAR
Excavata
Unikonta
Arachaeplastida
What the origin of the eukaryotic mitochondrion?
Cyanobacteria
Unikonta
proteobacteria
Archaeplastida
Secondary endosymbiosis involved the "ingestion" of an -------
Alpha proteobacterium
Archaean
Eukaryotic Alga
Cyanobacterium
Diatoms are what? What major group do they belong to?
Unicellular algae with a unique two part glass like wall of hydrated silica, silicon dioxide "glass"
some of the most important photosynthesizers on earth.
SAR Group
Excavata Group
Oomycota, or oomcyetes are what and what group do they belong to?
SAR Group
Water molds, white rusts, and downy mildews.
Common in aquatic systems as "water molds".
Important plant pathogens, Phytophthora- plant destroyer- Irish potato Blight.
Animal Pathogen - infects fish as Saprolegnia.
disease of oak trees in western US.
Brown algae characteristics and group.
Largest and most complex algae , multicellular and most are marine.
Include many species commonly known as seaweed(kelp)
Alternations of generations.
Source of algin, a structural polysaccharide used in ice cream and frozen custard.
Dinoflagellates... have what characteristics and what major group?
SAR Group
Ancient fossil record or armored forms have plates made of cellulose.
Zooxanthellae - non-armored intracellular symbionts (coral and hydra)
Red tide - a harmful neurotoxin produced by too much pollution which increases the red tide toxins in water.
Unikonta group
Apicomplexans : sporozoans
SAR Group
Excavata Group
Animal parasites, complex life cycles, multiple hosts.
Invertebrates, vertebrates, also found in abyssal plains of deep oceans.
Toxoplasma in AIDS, Eimeria in coccidiosis.
Plasmodium species causive agent of malaria -spread by mosquitoes , heavily affects children.
Malaria
Quinine made from Cinchona tree bark. Helps cure disease.
Mosquitoes main mode of transit.
SAR Group
Excavata Group
Ciliates
Body cilia- locomotion, feeding.
Many with multiple mating types (sexes)
Familiar in Paramecium and Tetrahymena.
Found in mostly water habitats and in moist soils.
Rarely cause disease.
Some are the form of resting cysts which help with dispersal.
SAR Group
Ciliate Reproduction
Binary Fission
Example of reproduction not sex.
sex is not reproduction 2in and 2 out.
Reproduction is not sex 1 in and 2 out.
fimbriae.
Tetrahymena Thermophila
Free living pond ciliate
Basis of major discoveries : self-spicing RNA.
SAR Group
Plasmodium
Radiolarians : Actinopoda
In marine ecosystems, have silica shells.
TEST - 2nd protist taxon with silica shells.
Pseudopods extend through pores in test.
Can go through tertiary endosymbiosis - can have a dinoflagellate with a chloroplast living within it.
SAR Group
Forams: Foraminifera
Marine ecosystem, pore studded shells, tests of calcium.
Thin, cytoplasmic projections, podia.
Alternate N and 2N generations.
Responsible for limestone formations.
BELONG TO SAR Group.
Archaeplastida include what?
Red algae
Green algae
plants
animals
Archaeplastida have what characteristics and belong to what group?
heterotrophic, mitochondrion-containing protist acquired by a cyanobacterial endosymbiont.
Cyanobacterium became chloroplasts.
SAR Group
descendent of ancient photosynthetic protists that evolved into red algae and green algae.
land plants are descended from green algae.
Red Algae
Mostly marine, coastal waters of the tropics.
Get their color from a pigment known as Phycoerythrin - masks the green chlorophyll
Absorbs light in deep waters, color varies from green-ish red to shallow water to dark red or almost black in deep water.
Usually multicellular, mostly cellulose in cell walls, but can have sulfated polysaccharides, belong to Archaeplastida major group.
Green Algae.....
Grass green chloroplasts
6,000 species
Chlorophytes
Charophytes - unicellular, colonial, and multicellular forms. Most are fresh water, symbionts like lichens.
SAR Group
Major Group -Archaeplastida.
None of these are correct.
Unikonts include what?
Animals, fungi, and protists.
Just fungi
Both fungi and protists.
None of these
Amoeba
lobe like or tube shaped pseudopodia.
Includes Amoeba proteus.
Belong to Unikonta Group
Belong to SAR Group.
Slime Molds ....
Plasmodial Slime Molds
Cellular Slime Molds
Plasmodial slime molds - often brightly colored, multi-nucleate, moves/grows across decaying vegetation engulfing food by phagocytosis.
Unikonta Group
Cellular Slime Molds....
Multicellular aggregates in which cells are separated by their membranes
Cells feed individually, but can aggregate to form a fruiting body.
Dictyostellium Discoideum is the experimental model for evolution of multicellularity and studying cell signaling.
Entamoeba
Belong to Excavata Group.
None of these are true.
EXAMPLE -Entamoeba histolytica causes amoebic dysentery in humans
Unikonta Group
parasites of vertebrates and some invertebrates.
Choanoflagellates
Collar Flagellates, likely related to ancestors of animals
Can be colonial, with many individuals.
Similar cells to sponges and similar cells to flatworms.
Molecular data.
Dr. Woilin's diatoms and radiolarians have shells (aka, "tests") made of what?
Limestone
Cellulose
Chitin
Silica
What human disease is caused by Plasmodium?
Sleeping sickness
Malaria
Lyme Disease
Amoebic Dysentery
The "shells" or "Tests" of which protists produced the limestone deposits from which the blocks forming the great pyramids of Egypt were cut?
Dinoflagellates
Red tide
Forams
Red Algae
The Great Irish Potato Famine was caused by a protist in which supegroup?
SAR
Excavata
Archaeplastida
Unikonta
What human disease is caused by Giardia?
Lyme Disease
Malaria
Backpacker's Diarrhea
What is the "brain - eating amoeba"?
Giardia
Naegleria
Trypanosoma
Phytophthora
