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Dr. Gupta PART 2 Cardio Exam 2

Total questions: 62

Worksheet time: 2hrs 18mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Mipomersen decreases formation of which of the following?

a)

Apo B48

b)

Apo B100

c)

APO CII

d)

APO Al

e)

APO E

2.

Which of the following lipids will be most lipophilic (provided all of them have same fatty acid chain length)?

a)

Monoglyceride

b)

Cholesterol ester

c)

Phospholipid

d)

Triglyceride

3.

Which of the following is NOT applicable to lipoproteins?

a)

Helps in cholesterol transport

b)

Majority of triglycerides are present in LDL

c)

Cholesterol is generally present at the surface

d)

Apolipoproteins on the surface helps in receptor recognition

e)

Amphipathic molecules that solubilizes lipids

4.

Omega-3 fatty acids have most significant effect on decreasing ___________.

a)

Triglycerides

b)

VLDL levels

c)

Total cholesterol

d)

HDL levels

5.

Gemfibrozil has significant drug interaction with which of the following drugs?

a)

Niacin

b)

Mipomersan

c)

Omega 3 fatty acid

d)

Atorvastatin

e)

Cholestyramine

6.

Which of the following enzymes help in formation of chylomicrons?

a)

MTTP

b)

NPC1L1

7.

Diet is the primary source of cholesterol while liver is the secondary source.

a)

True

b)

False

8.

Pitavastatin is associated with myopathy

a)

True

b)

False

9.

Apo E are involved during formation of chylomicrons

a)

True

b)

False

10.

Phospholipids are considered to be amphipathic in nature.

a)

True

b)

False

11.

Which of the following drugs target pancreatic lipase?

a)

Ezetimibe

b)

Orlistat

c)

Mipomersan

d)

Lopitamide

12.

Which of the following is/are adverse effect(s) typically observed with statins? [Select All That Apply]

a)

Myopathy

b)

Teratogenicity

c)

Hepatoxicity

d)

Hyperuricemia

13.

Colestipol interacts with absorption of _______________ if taken together. [Select all that apply]

a)

Vitamin E

b)

Warfarin

c)

Hydrochlorotiazide

d)

Vitamin B

14.

Which of the following is/are potential target(s) for anti-hyperlipoproteinemic drug therapy? [Select all that apply]

a)

Reduce LDL

b)

Reduce triglycerides

c)

Increase cholesterol synthesis

d)

Minimize cholesterol absorption

e)

Reduce HDL

15.

Precursor for androgens, estrogens, progesterone, adrenocorticoids and bile acids

a)

Cholesterol

b)

Phospholipid

16.

Highly concentrated stores of metabolic energy. When required for energy production, they are hydrolyzed by lipase enzymes

a)

Cholesterol

b)

Triglycerides

17.

linoleic acid and linolenic acid are ESSENTIAL.

a)

True

b)

False

18.

Long carbon chain (~12-24 Cs) having –COOH at the end

a)

Fatty acids

b)

Cholesterol ester

19.

Fatty acids are mostly absorbed from diet

a)

True

b)

False

20.

Role of the fatty acids (Select all that apply)

a)

Stored as triglycerides

b)

Component of membrane phospholipids

c)

Stored as cholesterol

21.

What is the major source of FFAs?

a)

adipose tissue

b)

Glucose

22.

Pancreatic lipase is inhibited by Orlistat (Alli®): drug used to treat obesity

a)

True

b)

False

23.

Which of the following are the side effects of Alli (Orlistat) Select all that apply

a)

Cramping

b)

Flatulence

c)

Fatty stools

d)

Migraines

24.

NPC1L1 receptor blocker: Ezetimibe (vytorin in combination with simvastatin)

a)

True

b)

False

25.
a)

Bile acid

b)

Cholesterol

26.

Which of the following are TRUE about Bile Salts? Select all that apply

a)

Synthesized in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the small intestine

b)

Help absorb some cholesterol, fatty acids and fat soluble vitamins

c)

Normally 97% of the bile acids are reabsorbed into the enterohepatic circulation and regulate their own synthesis and conversion of cholesterol

27.

Helps in interaction with aqueous compartment

a)

polar side

b)

non polar side

28.

Helps in vDw interactions with lipids

a)

polar side

b)

non polar side

29.

Which of the following drugs inhibits MTTP?

a)

Lomipatide

b)

Orlistat

30.

Which of the following are TRUE about Lipoproteins? Select all that apply

a)

macromolecules containing lipid substances bound with protein.

b)

Amphipathic molecules that solubilizes lipids

c)

Cholesterol y Cholesterol ester are the more lipohilic

d)

Phospholipid is the more lipophilic

31.

What are the roles of Apoproteins? Select all that apply

a)

Transport of lipoproteins

b)

Activation of enzymes

c)

Receptor binding

32.

Know this

a)

Yes

b)

No

33.

Apoproteins present in HDL? Select all that apply

a)

E

b)

CII

c)

A-I

d)

B-48

e)

B-100

34.

Apoproteins present in LDL?

a)

B48

b)

B100

c)

A-I

d)

E

e)

CII

35.

Apoproteins present in Chylomicron? Select all that apply

a)

E

b)

CII

c)

B100

d)

B48

e)

A-I

36.

Mipomersan inhibits mRNA responsible for production of _________

a)

ApoB100

b)

ApoB48

37.

Less ApoB100 leads to decreased LDL and VLDL

a)

True

b)

False

38.

Familial Hypercholesterolemia means which of the following? Select all that apply

a)

Apo B100 is mutated

b)

LDL-R is defective

c)

PSCK9 is overactive

d)

Apo B100 normal levels

39.

Know this

a)

Yes

b)

No

40.

Which of the following Inhibitors of PCSK9 are approved for familial hypercholesterolemia? Select all that apply

a)

Juxtapid

b)

Alirocumab

c)

Evolocumab

d)

Lomipatide

e)

Leqvio

41.

Which of the following drugs increases recycling of LDL-R helping in removal of LDL from circulation? Select all that apply

a)

Alirocumab

b)

Inhibitors of PCSK9 

c)

Lomitapide

d)

Evolocumab

e)

Inclisiran

42.

Mutation in which of the following causes hypertriglyceridemia? Select all that apply

a)

LPL (Lipoprotein lipase)

b)

Apo E

c)

Apo CII deficiency

d)

Mutation in Apo E

43.

Which two enzymes does ApoA1 activate for cholesterol extraction?

a)

LCAT

b)

B100

c)

B48

d)

CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein)

e)

LPL

44.

kNOW THIS

a)

YES

b)

NO

45.

Secondary disturbances for Dyslipidemia. Select all that apply

a)

Western diet

b)

Endocrine conditions

c)

Diseases of the liver or kidneys

d)

Genetic conditions involving mutations in apolipoproteins, their receptors, transport mechanisms, and lipid-metabolizing enzymes

46.

The dyslipidemia main reasons are? Select all that apply

a)

increase LDL

b)

decrease HDL

c)

increase TG

d)

total cholesterol

e)

increase HDL

47.

NPC1L1 receptor blocker

a)

Ezetimibe

b)

Lomitapide

c)

Mipomersan

d)

Alirocumab and Evolocumab

48.

inhibits MTTP in the liver, formation of chylomicrons

a)

Lomitapide

b)

Ezetimibe

c)

Mipomersan

d)

Inhibitors of PCSK9 

49.

Inhibits mRNA responsible for production of ApoB100. Less ApoB100 leads to decreased LDL and VLDL, an antisense oligonucleotide

a)

Ezetimibe

b)

Lomitapide

c)

Mipomersan (Weekly doses)

d)

Inhibitors of PCSK9 

50.

Approved for familial hypercholesterolemia. These drugs increases recycling of LDL-R helping in removal of LDL from circulation. Select all that apply

a)

Inhibitors of PCSK9 

b)

Ezetimibe

c)

Lomitapide

d)

Alirocumab and Evolocumab

51.

Which of the following Interferes with cholesterol absorption in intestine and Blocks NPC1L1?

a)

Ezetimibe

b)

Juxtapid

c)

Repatha

d)

Alirocumab

52.

Zetia (know this)

a)

Yes

b)

No

53.

To reduce LDL, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and non-HD cholesterol in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH)

a)

Simvastatin

b)

Lomitapide (Juxtapid)

c)

Inclisiran (Leqvio)

54.

Which of the following can cause fatty acid liver?

a)

Lomitapide (Juxtapid®) 

b)

Mipomersan

55.

 To treat patients with a rare type of high cholesterol called homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH), mild to moderate injection site reactions and flu-like symptoms can occur.

a)

Mipomersen

b)

Juxtapid

56.

CETP and ACAT inhibitors

a)

No drugs approved yet

b)

Juxtapid

c)

Praluent

d)

Repatha

57.

ACYL CoA-CHOLESTEROL TRANSFRASE (ACAT) INHIBITOR has three beneficial effects- Blocks CE formation in? Select all that apply

a)

Foam cells

Intestinal epithelial

b)

(↓cholesterol absorption)

c)

Liver for use in VLDL (↓ hepatic VLDL synthesis)

58.

Know this

a)

Yes

b)

No

59.

 PJ is a 4.5-year-old boy. At his checkup, the pediatrician notices cutaneous xanthomas and orders a lipid panel. Repeated measures confirm that the patient’s serum cholesterol levels are high (936 mg/dL). Further testing confirms a diagnosis of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Which of the following interventions will be LEAST effective in this patient?

a)

Atorvastatin

b)

Ezetimibe

c)

Lomitapide

d)

Mipomersen

e)

Niacin

60.

3,5-dihydroxy acid in HMGRIs mimics the tetrahedral intermediate produced by HMG-CoA reductase

a)

True

b)

False

61.

Know this

a)

Yes

b)

No

62.

Lactones represents prodrugs

a)

True

b)

False