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WorksheetsDr. Gupta PART 2 Cardio Exam 2
Total questions: 62
Worksheet time: 2hrs 18mins
Mipomersen decreases formation of which of the following?
Apo B48
Apo B100
APO CII
APO Al
APO E
Which of the following lipids will be most lipophilic (provided all of them have same fatty acid chain length)?
Monoglyceride
Cholesterol ester
Phospholipid
Triglyceride
Which of the following is NOT applicable to lipoproteins?
Helps in cholesterol transport
Majority of triglycerides are present in LDL
Cholesterol is generally present at the surface
Apolipoproteins on the surface helps in receptor recognition
Amphipathic molecules that solubilizes lipids
Omega-3 fatty acids have most significant effect on decreasing ___________.
Triglycerides
VLDL levels
Total cholesterol
HDL levels
Gemfibrozil has significant drug interaction with which of the following drugs?
Niacin
Mipomersan
Omega 3 fatty acid
Atorvastatin
Cholestyramine
Which of the following enzymes help in formation of chylomicrons?
MTTP
NPC1L1
Diet is the primary source of cholesterol while liver is the secondary source.
True
False
Pitavastatin is associated with myopathy
True
False
Apo E are involved during formation of chylomicrons
True
False
Phospholipids are considered to be amphipathic in nature.
True
False
Which of the following drugs target pancreatic lipase?
Ezetimibe
Orlistat
Mipomersan
Lopitamide
Which of the following is/are adverse effect(s) typically observed with statins? [Select All That Apply]
Myopathy
Teratogenicity
Hepatoxicity
Hyperuricemia
Colestipol interacts with absorption of _______________ if taken together. [Select all that apply]
Vitamin E
Warfarin
Hydrochlorotiazide
Vitamin B
Which of the following is/are potential target(s) for anti-hyperlipoproteinemic drug therapy? [Select all that apply]
Reduce LDL
Reduce triglycerides
Increase cholesterol synthesis
Minimize cholesterol absorption
Reduce HDL
Precursor for androgens, estrogens, progesterone, adrenocorticoids and bile acids
Cholesterol
Phospholipid
Highly concentrated stores of metabolic energy. When required for energy production, they are hydrolyzed by lipase enzymes
Cholesterol
Triglycerides
linoleic acid and linolenic acid are ESSENTIAL.
True
False
Long carbon chain (~12-24 Cs) having –COOH at the end
Fatty acids
Cholesterol ester
Fatty acids are mostly absorbed from diet
True
False
Role of the fatty acids (Select all that apply)
Stored as triglycerides
Component of membrane phospholipids
Stored as cholesterol
What is the major source of FFAs?
adipose tissue
Glucose
Pancreatic lipase is inhibited by Orlistat (Alli®): drug used to treat obesity
True
False
Which of the following are the side effects of Alli (Orlistat) Select all that apply
Cramping
Flatulence
Fatty stools
Migraines
NPC1L1 receptor blocker: Ezetimibe (vytorin in combination with simvastatin)
True
False
Bile acid
Cholesterol
Which of the following are TRUE about Bile Salts? Select all that apply
Synthesized in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the small intestine
Help absorb some cholesterol, fatty acids and fat soluble vitamins
Normally 97% of the bile acids are reabsorbed into the enterohepatic circulation and regulate their own synthesis and conversion of cholesterol
Helps in interaction with aqueous compartment
polar side
non polar side
Helps in vDw interactions with lipids
polar side
non polar side
Which of the following drugs inhibits MTTP?
Lomipatide
Orlistat
Which of the following are TRUE about Lipoproteins? Select all that apply
macromolecules containing lipid substances bound with protein.
Amphipathic molecules that solubilizes lipids
Cholesterol y Cholesterol ester are the more lipohilic
Phospholipid is the more lipophilic
What are the roles of Apoproteins? Select all that apply
Transport of lipoproteins
Activation of enzymes
Receptor binding
Know this
Yes
No
Apoproteins present in HDL? Select all that apply
E
CII
A-I
B-48
B-100
Apoproteins present in LDL?
B48
B100
A-I
E
CII
Apoproteins present in Chylomicron? Select all that apply
E
CII
B100
B48
A-I
Mipomersan inhibits mRNA responsible for production of _________
ApoB100
ApoB48
Less ApoB100 leads to decreased LDL and VLDL
True
False
Familial Hypercholesterolemia means which of the following? Select all that apply
Apo B100 is mutated
LDL-R is defective
PSCK9 is overactive
Apo B100 normal levels
Know this
Yes
No
Which of the following Inhibitors of PCSK9 are approved for familial hypercholesterolemia? Select all that apply
Juxtapid
Alirocumab
Evolocumab
Lomipatide
Leqvio
Which of the following drugs increases recycling of LDL-R helping in removal of LDL from circulation? Select all that apply
Alirocumab
Inhibitors of PCSK9
Lomitapide
Evolocumab
Inclisiran
Mutation in which of the following causes hypertriglyceridemia? Select all that apply
LPL (Lipoprotein lipase)
Apo E
Apo CII deficiency
Mutation in Apo E
Which two enzymes does ApoA1 activate for cholesterol extraction?
LCAT
B100
B48
CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein)
LPL
kNOW THIS
YES
NO
Secondary disturbances for Dyslipidemia. Select all that apply
Western diet
Endocrine conditions
Diseases of the liver or kidneys
Genetic conditions involving mutations in apolipoproteins, their receptors, transport mechanisms, and lipid-metabolizing enzymes
The dyslipidemia main reasons are? Select all that apply
increase LDL
decrease HDL
increase TG
total cholesterol
increase HDL
NPC1L1 receptor blocker
Ezetimibe
Lomitapide
Mipomersan
Alirocumab and Evolocumab
inhibits MTTP in the liver, formation of chylomicrons
Lomitapide
Ezetimibe
Mipomersan
Inhibitors of PCSK9
Inhibits mRNA responsible for production of ApoB100. Less ApoB100 leads to decreased LDL and VLDL, an antisense oligonucleotide
Ezetimibe
Lomitapide
Mipomersan (Weekly doses)
Inhibitors of PCSK9
Approved for familial hypercholesterolemia. These drugs increases recycling of LDL-R helping in removal of LDL from circulation. Select all that apply
Inhibitors of PCSK9
Ezetimibe
Lomitapide
Alirocumab and Evolocumab
Which of the following Interferes with cholesterol absorption in intestine and Blocks NPC1L1?
Ezetimibe
Juxtapid
Repatha
Alirocumab
Zetia (know this)
Yes
No
To reduce LDL, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and non-HD cholesterol in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH)
Simvastatin
Lomitapide (Juxtapid)
Inclisiran (Leqvio)
Which of the following can cause fatty acid liver?
Lomitapide (Juxtapid®)
Mipomersan
To treat patients with a rare type of high cholesterol called homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH), mild to moderate injection site reactions and flu-like symptoms can occur.
Mipomersen
Juxtapid
CETP and ACAT inhibitors
No drugs approved yet
Juxtapid
Praluent
Repatha
ACYL CoA-CHOLESTEROL TRANSFRASE (ACAT) INHIBITOR has three beneficial effects- Blocks CE formation in? Select all that apply
Foam cells
Intestinal epithelial
(↓cholesterol absorption)
Liver for use in VLDL (↓ hepatic VLDL synthesis)
Know this
Yes
No
PJ is a 4.5-year-old boy. At his checkup, the pediatrician notices cutaneous xanthomas and orders a lipid panel. Repeated measures confirm that the patient’s serum cholesterol levels are high (936 mg/dL). Further testing confirms a diagnosis of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Which of the following interventions will be LEAST effective in this patient?
Atorvastatin
Ezetimibe
Lomitapide
Mipomersen
Niacin
3,5-dihydroxy acid in HMGRIs mimics the tetrahedral intermediate produced by HMG-CoA reductase
True
False
Know this
Yes
No
Lactones represents prodrugs
True
False
