Behavior that promotes an organism’s survival in the natural habitat.

Emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and “survival of the fittest” in shaping behavior

The ability to bear offspring that survive long enough to bear offspring of their own.

Thread-like structures made up of DNA molecules.

A complex double-helix molecule that contains genetic information

Units of hereditary information in each chromosome

–It direct cells to reproduce themselves and to assemble proteins.

Building blocks of cells and regulators that direct the body’s processes.

(center of cell) contains chromosomes and genes.

_______________ chemical substances that make up chromosomes- the double helix structure.

_______________ a segment of DNA on the chromosome. We share 98% of our DNA with chimps- so that little extra bit is responsible for our upright gait and language and cognitive abilities.

_______________ is a photograph of human chromosomes.

_____________ observable characteristics.

Set of traits a person actually displays, resulting from a combination of the person’s genotype (potential) and life experiences that modify that potential

_____________ genetic information that determines our characteristics.

Set of genetic traits a person inherits; a person’s inborn capacity or potential

žMitosis:

žMeiosis:

A dominant gene always exerts its effects, overriding the potential influence of the recessive gene.

–A recessive gene only exerts influence if both genes in a pair are recessive.

The tendency of a gene to be expressed in a trait.

A gene whose trait is not expressed unless paired with another recessive gene.

_______________ are the sex cell, sperm and ovum. Each contains 23 chromosomes, so that when they combine to form a new person, the fertilized egg will have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

_______________ is the process of forming gametes with 23 chromosomes.

_______________ is produced by sperm and ovum uniting in fertilization.

_______________ are matching pairs of chromosomes- 22 pairs.

_______________ are the 23rd pair, either XX for a female or XY for a male.

Down Syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)

Fragile X syndrome

Turner syndrome (XO)

Polydactyly

Achondroplasia

Huntington disease (deterioration of nervous system)

Cystic fibrosis

Sickle-cell disease

Tay-Sachs disease

Hemophilia

Congenital heart disease

Neural tube defect

Cleft lip/cleft palate

Dominate Trait disorder:

•Nervous system suddenly deteriorates resulting in uncontrollable muscular movement and disordered brain function

•This disorder specially strike people between about 30 and 40 years of age and ultimately cause death.

Dominate Trait disorder:

•Lack of enzyme that breaks down fats in brain cells causes progressive brain deterioration.

•Affected children usually die by the age of 6,

Recessive traits:

•An inherited metabolism disease. it can produced severe mental retardation.

Recessive traits:

•Blood disease red blood cell change the shape and do not distributes oxygen efficiently to the cells of the body .

Sex-Linked Chromosome Abnormalities:

Males have an extra X chromosome.

Most Common

Sex-Linked Chromosome Abnormalities:

Abnormality in the X chromosome

Sex-Linked Chromosome Abnormalities:

Females missing an X chromosome

Sex-Linked Chromosome Abnormalities:

Males have an extra Y chromosome.

Least Common

Effects of down syndrome: