What causes parkinson's

Which of the following is a symptom of parkinson's disease

Changes to levels of _____ and _____ have key roles in parkinson's disease

The leading treatment for Parkinson's Disease is:

The Nurse explains to a patient newly diagnosed with MS that the diagnosis is made primarily by

During your discharge teaching to a patient with multiple sclerosis, you educate the patient on how to avoid increasing symptoms and relapses. You tell the patient to avoid: (select all that apply)

A patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis tells the healthcare provider, “I’m not sure if I’ll be able to exercise anymore.” Which of the following is the most appropriate response?

What is MS?

What are symptoms of MS? (select all)

The prevalence of MS is higher in countries that have what?

Which is not an MS category?

The majority of all MS cases are Relapsing Remitting. True or false?

What lifestyle changes may help improve the quality of life for those with MS?

What kind of disease is multiple sclerosis?

Multiple Sclerosis is

What is the most common type of MS?

MS affects central nervous system (CNS). Which part of the CNS is affected

Which of the following is the most helpful study in the clinical investigation of MS?

Select the TRUE statements about the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis

A chronic nervous system disease characterized

by a slowly spreading tremor, muscular

weakness, and rigidity

A chronic, slowly progressive disease of the

central nervous system that destroys the myelin

sheath of nerve cell axons

Osteoclast do not reabsorb and it makes the bones very dense. It leads to facial paralysis and decreased blood production.

Which of the following statements explains the difference between a sprain and a strain?

Autoimmune disorder that damages the myelin around nerve cells, reducing the response of muscles. Leads to numbness, tremors, and visions problems.

Caucasian and Asian women are more likely to have this disorder due to lack of Ca+ uptake. This leads to fractures in the hips and vertebrate.

Inflammation of tendons typically in the shoulder, wrist, knee, and elbow, that is the result of repeated movements of that joint (like a baseball player throwing a ball).

Name the Disorder

What is Multiple Sclerosis?

A 95 year old patient has an accidental fall while going to the bathroom without assistance. It appears the patient has sustained a bone fracture to the right leg. The leg’s shape is deformed and the patient is unable to move it. The patient is alert and oriented but in pain. What will you do FIRST after confirming the patient is safe and stable?

A female patient is brought to the emergency room with an injury to her lower leg from an ATV accident. You notice a white tip of a bone protruding through the skin as you cut her pant leg off. Her injury is described as what kind of fracture.

The diagram shows a fracture that has pierced through the skin. What type of fracture is this?

The xray shows a fracture that has bones broken into more than two pieces. What type of fracture is this?

The diagram shows a fracture that has two bones crushing into each other. What type of fracture is this?

Closed Reduction

Open Reduction

Immobilization

What type of fracture is this? (Hint: it's across the bone.)

What is the name of the incomplete fracture usually seen in children?

When a broken bone moves out of its original position, it is ___________.

_________ fractures are diagonal breaks in the bone.

What is a non-surgical way to treat a fracture?

What type of fracture DOESN'T penetrate through the skin?

If a fracture is comminuted, that means the bone is in _______ pieces.

What are the precautions while treating fracture?

A 45 year old patient comes to the clinic after a fall from a ladder. When she moves her injured leg, a grating sound is heard. How should you document this sound?

What type of fracture is this?

What type of fracture is this?

Open Reduction

Immobilization

What is a late sign of compartment syndrome?

A patient sustained a fracture to the femur. The patient has suddenly become confused, restless, and has a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute. Based on the location of fracture and the presenting symptoms, this patient may be experiencing what type of complication?

This cell lays down new bone and helps repair damage.

Which of the following is part of a Synovial joint

What is total hip arthroplasty?

What is the most common purpose to diagnose total hip arthroplasty?

What is osteoarthritis caused by?

What are some types of hip arthroplasty?

Which of the following may indicate that the patient has a herniated disk?

A discectomy is the surgical removal of abnormal disc material that presses on a nerve root or the spinal cord.

Which of the following may result in a herniated disk?

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from a joint

surgical repair of a joint

radiographic imaging of a joint

visual examination of a joint

A medical emergency that must be identified immediately; pressure within the muscle compartment or cast increases as perfusion to the area decreases which could lead to necrosis and irreversible neuromuscular damage. Pain is worst with movement.

Select all that are signs of impaired neurovascular signs include (select all that apply)

Not using pillows behind the knee and not using a knee gatch on the bed prevents which of the following post-op ortho. complications?

Apply trochanter rolls to immobile patients to prevent?

What is used to measure bone density and diagnose osteoporosis?

What precautions should be made to prevent total hip dislocation after total hip arthroplasty? (select all that apply)

Forward curvature of the thoracic spine is referred to as__________

Symptoms of neurovascular compromise are ( select all that apply)

Which term means an attempt to return the affected bone to its normal alignment by manually applied forces?

This injury results in the total displacement of a bone from its joint.

A sprain is a small, medium, or complete tear to the:

A STRAIN is a small, medium, or complete tear of the:

Which of the following is the gold standard for diagnosis of DVT?

Early mobilization post surgery has been shown to result in all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following nutrients is most important for wound healing?

Which of the following may be a sign of post surgical wound infection?

Recommended non-surgical managements for knee osteoarthritis for which there are good evidence in all the following EXCEPT:

Difficult movement

break down of striated muscle

a crackling sound heard during flexion and extension

Osteoarthritis can cause pain due to inflammation of the joints. What type of pain medication may the provider ask you to administer?

Which of the below treatment can be the last option for osteoarthritis patient?

A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who has a femur fracture and is in skeletal traction. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for an older adult client who is postoperative following a right hip arthroplasty. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?

A nurse is assisting with the plan of care for an older adult client who is 4 hr postoperative following an open reduction and internal fixation of a fractured femur. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?

A nurse is collecting data from a client following the application of a leg cast for the treatment of a fracture. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect to find first if the cast is too tight?

A nurse is collecting data on a client who has a femur fracture. Which of the following findings is a manifestation of fat embolism syndrome?

Bones need a balanced diet that includes:

Bony nodes seen in the Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints in osteoarthritis is called

Immature bone cell

cell that reabsorbs (digests, breaks down) bone tissue

Softening of bone

an abnormal bending of a joint into a fixed position

What is osteoblast?

What agent is used to prevent and treat osteoporosis? (It increases bone mass by decreasing bone turnover)

A nurse is caring for a client who displays manifestations of stage III parkinson's disease. Which of the following actions should the nurse include?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has parkinson's disease and has a new prescription for bromocriptine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

A nurse is caring for a client who has parkinson's disease and is starting to display bradykinesia. Which of the following is an appropriate action by the nurse?

A nurse is caring for a client who has Multiple Sclerosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is beginning a physical assessment of a client who has a new diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (select all that apply)

A nurse is teaching a client who has multiple sclerosis and a new prescription for baclofen. Which of the following statments should the nurse include in the teaching?

A nurse is reviewing the health record of a client who is to undergo total joint arthroplasty. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as a contraindication to this procedure?

A nurse is admitting a client to the orthopedic unit following a total knee arthroplasty. Which of the following actions by the nurse are appropriate? (Select all that apply)

A nurse is planning discharge teaching for a client who had a total hip arthroplasty. which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? (select all that apply)

A nurse is assessing a client who is scheduled to undergo a right knee arthroplasty. The nurse should expect which of the following findings? (Select all that apply)

A nurse is completing a preoperative teaching plan for a client who is scheduled to have a total hip arthroplasty. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? (select all that apply)

A nurse is admitting an adult client who has suspected osteoporosis. Which of the following findings are risk factors for osteoporosis? (select all that apply)

A nurse is providing care for a client who had a vertebroplasty of the thoracic spine. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A nurse is providing dietary teaching about calcium-rich foods to a client who has osteoporosis. Which of the following foods should the nurse include in the instructions?

A nurse is performing health screenings at a health fair. Which of the following clients have a risk factor for osteoporosis? (select all that apply)

A nurse is planning discharge teaching on home safety for a client who has osteoporosis. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (select all that apply)

A nurse is teaching a client how to manage an external fixation device upon discharge. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding? (select all that apply)

A nurse is assessing a client who has a casted compound fracture of the femur. Which of the following findings is a manifestation of a fat embolus?

A nurse is assessing a client who had an external fixation device applied 2 hours ago for a fracture of the left tibia and fibula. Which of the following findings is a clincial manifestation of compartment syndrome? (select all that apply)

A nurse in the ER is planning care for a client who has a right hip fracture. Which of the following immobilization devices should the nurse anticipate in the plan of care?

A nurse is assessing a client who has osteoarthritis of the knees and fingers. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect to find? (select all that apply.)

A nurse is providing teaching about capsaicin cream to a client who reports continuous knee pain from osteoarthritis. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the discussion?