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Cell Cycle/ DNA/ RNA/ Protein Synthesis Unit Test

Total questions: 126

Worksheet time: 3hrs 9mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is a series of events a cell goes through as they grow and divide?
a)
Cell Division
b)
Cell Cycle
c)
Cytokinesis
d)
Mitosis
2.
During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA copied?
a)
Interphase
b)
prophase
c)
telophase
d)
cytokinesis
3.
What does NOT happen during interphase?
a)
growth
b)
DNA replication 
c)
obtaining nutrients
d)
cell divison
4.
What is the end result of mitosis?
a)
2 identical gametes (sex cells)
b)
2 identical daughter cells
c)
2 daughter cells with different genetic information
d)
4 identical daughter cells
5.

The cell membrane pinches in, cutting the CYTOPLASM into 2 cells

a)
Metaphase
b)
Anaphase
c)
Telephase
d)
Cytokinesis
6.
The dark "spider" looking things on opposite sides of the cell are called "Spindle Fibers".  What is their job?
a)
Eating the chromosomes
b)
Pulling the chromosomes apart
c)
Putting the chromosomes together
7.
The phase in mitosis where chromosomes move away and are pulled apart by spindles to opposite sides of the cell.
a)
prophase
b)
anaphase
c)
metaphase
d)
telephase
8.

In which phase of mitosis does the nucleus disappear, centrioles move to the poles, and chromatin condense into sister chromatids(chromosome)?

a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
9.
In which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids line up on the middle of the cell?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
10.
Put the stages of mitosis in the correct order.
a)
prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase
b)
metaphase - anaphase - prophase - telophase
c)
anaphase - prophase - telophase - metaphase
d)
telophase - metaphase - prophase - anaphase
11.

Each duplicated chromosome contains two identical parts called

a)
chromatin
b)
chromosome
c)
sister chromatid
d)
centromere
12.
Which structure is labeled as A in the diagram?
a)
Centromere
b)
Chromosome
c)
Sister chromatids
13.
Which structure is labeled as B in the diagram?
a)
Centromere
b)
Chromosome
c)
Sister chromatids
14.
Which structure is labeled as C in the diagram?
a)
Centromere
b)
Chromosome
c)
Sister chromatids
15.

What happens during the stage labeled C?

a)

S Phase - DNA is copied

b)

G2 Phase - DNA is copied

c)

Metaphase - chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

d)

S Phase - cell makes organelles for division

16.

What stage of the Cell Cycle is labeled A?

a)

M Phase

b)

Cytokinesis

c)

Interphase

d)

Prophase

17.

Mitosis is the division of the....what?

a)

nucleus

b)

cell

c)

cytoplasm

d)

gametes

18.

Cytokinesis is the division of the.....what?

a)

nucleus

b)

chromosomes

c)

cell/cytoplasm

d)

division of labor!

19.

Uncontrolled cell division results in what?

a)

Cell growth

b)

Cell death

c)

tumors/cancer

d)

none of these

20.

Which phase is shown here?

a)

anaphase

b)

telolphase

c)

metaphase

d)

prophase

21.

Which phase is shown here?

a)

metaphase

b)

prophase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

22.

Which phase is shown here?

a)

metaphase

b)

prophase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

23.
a)

metaphase

b)

prophase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

24.
Mitosis results in the formation of...
a)
Two identical cells with all of the original chromosomes
b)
Two different cells with half of the original chromosomes
c)
Four identical cells with all of the original chromosomes
d)
Four different cells with half of the original chromosomes
25.
What is the purpose of mitosis?
a)
To increase the surface area of a cell
b)
To allow cells to divide for growth, repair, and renewal
c)
For increasing genetic variation within a species
d)
To allow for DNA replication and protein synthesis
26.
Which of the following describes cancer?
a)
Nondisjunction of gamete cells
b)
Cell division without replication of DNA
c)
Mitosis without cytokinesis
d)
Uncontrolled cell division
27.

DNA is an acronym for _____

a)

Diphosphorus Nucleic Acid

b)

Ribose Nucleic Acid

c)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

d)

Deoxyribonucleic Acetate

28.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
29.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
30.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
uracil
31.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
32.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
33.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
34.
Watson and Crick were the first to suggest that DNA is _____
a)
a short molecule
b)
the shape of a double helix
c)
a protein molecule
d)
the genetic material
35.
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
36.
Who is responsible for producing this image (taken by X-ray chrystallography)?
a)
Francis Crick
b)
James Watson
c)
Rosalind Franklin
d)
Watson and Crick
37.
What part of DNA is different between individuals?
a)
Sugar
b)
Phosphate
c)
Order of nitrogen bases
38.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
39.
This picture is illustrating the ____ nature of DNA.
a)
anti-parallel
b)
deoxyribosic
c)
helical
d)
radioactive
40.
What are the gaps between the newly synthesized DNA on the lagging strand called?
a)
Okazaki fragments
b)
Polymer gaps
c)
Helicase fragments
d)
Acidic gaps
41.
Which enzyme fixes the Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand?
a)
Helicase
b)
Polymerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Primerase
42.
DNA Replication is
a)
conservative
b)
semiconservative
c)
liberal
d)
dispersive
43.
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
44.

Which enzyme is responsible for gluing together the Okasaki fragment on the lagging strand during DNA replication?

a)

Ligase

b)

Helicase

c)

Amaylase

d)

DNA polymerase

45.

Where does the DNA molecule unzip at during DNA replication?

a)

Between the sugar and phosphate

b)

Between the sugar and nitrogen bases

c)

Between the nitrogen bases

46.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
47.
Replicate the following strand of DNA: 
AATCATGGA
a)
AATCATGGA
b)
TTAGTACCT
c)
UUAGUACCU
d)
GGATAUCUA
48.

The picture below shows an enzyme unwinding and unzipping DNA.

​

​What is the name of this enzyme?

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

49.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding the free nucleotides to the replicating DNA? ​

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

50.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the leading strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

51.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the lagging strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

52.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the replication fork in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

53.

Okazaki fragments appear on which strand of DNA during DNA replication?

a)

lagging

b)

leading

54.
If a strand reads:
3' A A A T T T C 5'
The matching strand would read...
a)
5' T T T A A A G 3'
b)
3' T T T A A A G 5'
c)
5' A A A T T T C 3'
d)
3' U U U A A A G 5'
55.
Polymerase is able to replicate the new DNA ______ along the leading strand.
a)
continuously
b)
only in short fragments
c)
very slowly
d)
prokaryotically
56.

This enzyme synthesizes short RNA sequences called a primer to guide DNA Polymerase

a)

helicase

b)

DNA Primase

c)

DNA Polymerase

d)

ligase

57.
Based on the diagram, the enzyme (represented in gray) is most likely...
a)
DNA polymerase
b)
DNA Ligase
c)
Nuclease
d)
Helicase
58.

I am generally found both inside and outside of the nucleus.

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

Both

59.

I am made of guanine, cystosine, adenine, and uracil

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

Both

60.

I am made of guanine, cytosine, adenine, and thymine

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

Both

61.

I only stay in the nucleus and cannot leave.

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

Both

62.

I contain the sugar deoxyribose.

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

Both

63.

I contain the sugar ribose.

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

Both

64.

I contain the instructions for making thousands of different proteins.

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

Both

65.

What does mRNA stand for?

a)

messenger RNA

b)

transfer RNA

c)

mild RNA

d)

machine RNA

66.

What does tRNA stand for?

a)

tall RNA

b)

transfer RNA

c)

messenger RNA

d)

transition RNA

67.

What does rRNA stand for?

a)

rough RNA

b)

right RNA

c)

ribosomal RNA

d)

short DNA

68.

Which type of RNA is a copy of one small section of DNA (gene)?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

iRNA

69.

What type of RNA carries amino acids to the place where proteins are made?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

uRNA

70.

Which RNA is the place where proteins are made?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

dRNA

71.

What type of RNA is shown?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

72.

What type of RNA is shown?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

73.

What type of RNA is shown?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

74.
DNA has a ______ strand; RNA has a ______ strand.
a)
double/double
b)
double/triple
c)
double/single
d)
single/single
75.
Transcription is the production of ___ from ___.
a)
protein, RNA
b)
RNA , DNA
c)
DNA, RNA
d)
DNA, protein
76.
Translation is the production of ___ from ___.
a)
RNA, protein
b)
DNA, protein
c)
RNA, DNA
d)
protein, RNA
77.
In RNA, the nitrogen base____ replaces ____ that was present in DNA. 
a)
A, U (adenine, uracil)
b)
C, G (cytosine, guanine)
c)
U, T (uracil, thymine)
d)
U, A (uracil, adenine)
78.
What is the transcribed mRNA strand for CATTAA
a)
GUAAUU
b)
GTAATT
c)
AUGGUU
d)
CATTAA
79.
The "central dogma" states that genetic information flows from 
a)
Protein-->mRNA-->DNA
b)
Protein-->DNA-->mRNA
c)
mRNA-->DNA-->Protein
d)
DNA-->mRNA-->Protein
80.
What is the function of transfer RNA?
a)
It is a part of the ribosome. 
b)
It delivers the correct amino acid to the ribosome. 
c)
It bonds to other RNA molecules, leading to their destruction. 
d)
It carries the information coding for the amino acid sequence of a protein. 
81.
What is a possible DNA sequence for the amino acid sequence phenylalanine-glycine-threonine? 
a)
UUU GGG ACC
b)
AAA CCC UGG
c)
TTT GGG ACC
d)
AAA CCC TGG
82.
During protein synthesis, the RNA sequence UAC GAU CUA, is produced from then DNA sequence ATG CTA GAT. Which process is occurring? 
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
transmutation
d)
transformation
83.
Which best describes the information contained in genes? 
a)
instructions for assembling pyrimidines
b)
instructions for assembling purines
c)
instructions for assembling proteins
d)
instructions for assembling plasmids
84.
The codon ACG codes for?
a)
Lysine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Threonine
d)
Asparagine
85.
The codon that every protein MUST start with is 
a)
AUG
b)
GGG
c)
CCG
d)
UAC
86.
Where does translation take place in the cell?
a)
nucleus
b)
ribosome
c)
golgi apparatus
d)
endoplasmic reticulum
87.
The end product of translation is what?
a)
amino acid
b)
protein
c)
sugar
d)
lipid
88.
The codon CCU codes for what amino acid?
a)
Isoleucine
b)
Stop
c)
Methionine
d)
Proline
89.

What stage of the Cell Cycle is labeled J?

a)

M Phase

b)

Cytokinesis

c)

Interphase

d)

Prophase

90.

What stage of the Cell Cycle is labeled E?

a)

Interphase

b)

Prophase

c)

Metaphase

d)

G1

91.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
92.
mRNA is read in chunks of three, called...
a)
quadralets
b)
anticodons
c)
codons
d)
capsids
93.
Normal-
GAG-CTC-GAC-AGA
Mutant
GAG CTC-CAC-AGA
a)
no mutation
b)
substitution
c)
insertion
d)
deletion
94.
Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
silent
d)
transverse
95.
Are all mutations bad?
a)
Yes
b)
No
96.

Which type of gene mutation is MOST LIKELY to cause the greatest disruption?

a)

Frameshift

b)

Silent

c)

Point

d)

Chromosomal

97.
Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?
a)
Insertions only
b)
Substitution only
c)
Deletion only
d)
Insertions and Deletions
98.
Which of the following does not cause mutations?
a)
X-rays
b)
Chemicals we smoke or eat
c)
Drinking water
d)
Tanning
99.
Which of the following is an example of a harmful mutation? 
a)
Developing cancer
b)
Makes the organism faster
c)
Makes the organism a predator 
d)
Develops sharp claws
100.
What causes mutations?
a)
Mistakes in replication or environmental substances
b)
The amino acids
c)
Passed down by genetics
d)
It's how your born
101.
When the change of one base caused the protein chain to end too soon it is a _________ mutation
a)
missense
b)
nonsense
c)
silent
d)
insertion
102.

In genetic …………………is an alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the genome

a)

Mutation

b)

Segregation

c)

Both

d)

None

103.

A permanent change in the DNA sequence

which can affect a single gene or group of genes

a)

Homeostasis

b)

Somatic Cell

c)

Chromosomal Mutation

d)

Gene Mutation

104.

A point mutation where one nucleotide base replaces an original nucleotide base

a)

Inversion Mutation

b)

Chromosomal Mutation

c)

Translocation

d)

Substitution Mutation

105.

A substitution mutation that has no effect

on amino acids sequence

a)

Insertion Mutation

b)

Translocation

c)

Silent Mutation

d)

Deletion Mutation

106.

A mutation that results in one amino acid change

a)

Translocation

b)

Nonsense mutation

c)

Silent Mutation

d)

Missense Mutation

107.

A nucleotide base is inserted or deleted shifting the entire DNA sequence. Entire protein will be changed.

a)

Substitution Mutation

b)

Silent Mutation

c)

Frameshift Mutation

d)

Translocation

108.

A frameshift mutation where a nucleotide base

is removed from the DNA sequence.

a)

Deletion Mutation

b)

Substitution Mutation

c)

Translocation

d)

Silent Mutation

109.

A frameshift mutation where a nucleotide base is added

to the DNA sequence

a)

Insertion Mutation

b)

Deletion Mutation

c)

Substitution Mutation

d)

Chromosomal Mutation

110.

Mutations that involve parts of or all of

a chromosome

a)

Replication

b)

Deletion Mutation

c)

Chromosomal Mutation

d)

Transcription

111.

Part of a chromosome

is deleted

a)

Deletion Mutation-Gene

b)

Translocation

c)

Deletion Mutation -Chromosomal

d)

Crossing Over

112.

Part of a chromosome is repeated

a)

Gene Mutation

b)

Point Mutation

c)

Deletion Mutation

d)

Duplication Mutation

113.

Part of a chromosome is reversed.

a)

Inversion Mutation

b)

Deletion Mutation

c)

Translocation

d)

Point Mutation

114.

Part of one chromosome is transported and attached

to a non-homologous chromosome

a)

Inversion Mutation

b)

Translocation Mutation

c)

Duplication Mutation

d)

Point Mutation

115.

Failure of homologous chromosomes

to separate during meiosis.

Results in gametes with either one extra or one missing chromosome.

a)

Translocation

b)

Nondisjunction

c)

Replication

d)

Transcription

116.

A point mutation where DNA adenine (A)

is replaced by thymine (T) resulting in a single amino acid change during translation(affects blood cell

shape and function)

a)

Encephelitis

b)

Hemophilia

c)

Sickle Cell Anemia

d)

Influenza

117.
The original cell before it divides is called the
a)
Father cell
b)
Mother cell
c)
Parent cell
118.
The two cells that result after division are called the
a)
Sister cells
b)
Brother cells
c)
Son cells
d)
Daughter cells
119.
Chromosomes contain what?
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
FBI
d)
GNC
120.
Humans have 46 chromosomes, which means we have _______ of chromosomes.
a)
46 pairs 
b)
23 pairs
c)
20 pairs
d)
56 pairs
121.
What is the correct term for "develops in the middle plane of a plant cell separating it into two daughter cells during cell division"?
a)
cell
b)
cell cycle
c)
cell plate
d)
centriole
122.
What is the correct term for "cylinder-shaped organelles found in animal cells which help to form spindle fibers during cell division"?
a)
centriole
b)
nucleus
c)
spindle fibers
d)
cytokinesis
123.

What process is steps 1-3 referring to?

a)

DNA Replication

b)

Transcription

c)

Translation

d)

Nucleus

124.

What is 11. pointing to?

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Ribosome

c)

mRNA

d)

Nucleus

125.

What process is step 12 referring to?

a)

DNA Replication

b)

Transcription

c)

Translation

d)

Nucleus

126.

What stage of the Cell Cycle is labeled I?

a)

M Phase

b)

Cytokinesis

c)

Interphase

d)

Prophase

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