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WorksheetsAP Biology - Chapter 12
Total questions: 58
Worksheet time: 40mins
A researcher crossed a male Drosophila melanogaster having a grey body and long wings with a female D. melanogaster having a black body and apterous wings. The following distribution of traits was observed in the offspring.
What conclusion is supported by the data?
The alleles for gray body and long wings are dominant.
The alleles for gray body and long wings are recessive.
Genes for the two traits are located on two different chromosomes, and independent assortment occurred.
Genes for the two traits are located close together on the same chromosome, and crossing over occurred between the two gene loci.
A male fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) with red eyes and long wings was mated with a female with purple eyes and vestigial wings. All of the offspring in the F1 generation had red eyes and long wings. These F1 flies were test crossed with purple-eyed, vestigial-winged flies. Their offspring, the F2 generation, appeared as indicated below.
If in the F1 and F2 generations the same characteristics appeared in both males and females, it would be safe to assume that these traits for eye color and wing length are...
are sex-linked
are sex-influenced characteristics
are autosomal characteristics
follow the Mendelian rule of independent assortment
A male fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) with red eyes and long wings was mated with a female with purple eyes and vestigial wings. All of the offspring in the F1 generation had red eyes and long wings. These F1 flies were test crossed with purple-eyed, vestigial-winged flies. Their offspring, the F2 generation, appeared as indicated below.
Based on the F1 generation, what was the phenotype of the male fruit fly?
RRLL
RrLl
rrll
RRll
The pedigree of a family with a history of a particular genetic disease is shown below. Squares represent males and circles represent females. Shaded symbols represent those who have the disease.
If Individual 2 were to marry a woman with no family history of the disease, which of the following would most likely be true of their children?
All of the children would have the disease.
None of the children would have the disease
Only the sons would have the disease
All of the sons would be carriers of the disease
The process depicted in the image above is best summarized by which of the following descriptions?
During the synthesis phase of the cell cycle, DNA molecules replicate to generate identical daughter cells
Centromeres align specific gene sequences of homologous chromosomes during mitotic divisions.
The spindle apparatus attaches at chiasma during metaphase of mitosis.
During meiosis, crossing over leads to recombination of alleles between homologous chromosomes
(hint: check your notes - "modes of inheritance")
Which genotype represents a male with hemophilia?
Which of the following is why gametes sometimes lack a complete chromosome?
If a particular pedigree follows a sex-linked recessive trait, you would expect to see
more affected females
all carrier males
more affected males
an equal number of affected males and females
Describe why a male is more likely to be affected by a sex-linked trait?
Males have only 1 Y chromosome
Females have only 1 Y chromosome
Males have only 1 X chromosome
Females have only 1 X chromosomes
Which of the following is the predicted ratio of a testcross with a dihybrid?
9:3:3:1
9:6:1
1:2:1
1:1:1:1
Which of the following is a predicted ratio of a dihybrid cross?
9:3:3:1
9:3:4
1:2:1
1:1:1:1
Snowshoe hares are brown in summer and white in winter, describe this event.
Hares undergo phenotypic plasticity & environment influences gene express
Hares are white in winter due to the snow binding to hair follicles
Hares are brown from exposed dirt in summer
Hares remain hidden in the winter months inhibiting fur darken from sun
Identify the type of inheritance of the pedigree.
Sex-Linked
Mitochondrial
Autosomal
Random
In animals, traits determine by the mitochondrial DNA are inherited from the _______________.
mother
brother
father
sister
Describe the cause of a cross resulting in greater than 50% parental phenotypes and less then 50% recombinant phenotypes
Genes are linked on the same chromosome
Genes are located on different arms of the same chromosome
Gene are on different chromosomes
Gene are found in different gametes
Which of the following best describes the phenotypic ratio of 6:3:3:2:1:1?
Incomplete dominance & complete dominance on dihybrid cross
Incomplete dominance on dihybrid cross
Complete dominance on dihybrid cross
Epistasis on dihybrid cross
Which of the following best describes the inheritance pattern of the shown pedigree?
Autosomal Dominant
Sex-Linked Dominant
Autosomal Recessive
Sex-Linked Recessive
What is a trisomy?
A chromosomal mutation were a section of DNA was copied multiple times
A condition where an individual is missing a chromosome
A mutation where a section of a chromosome has removed
A mutation resulting from nondisjunction where an individual has an extra copy of a chromosome
If a nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II, how many gametes are affected
All 4
Just 1
2 of the 4
None of them
How is it possible that genetically identical organisms can express different phenotypes
Genotypes do not play a role in determining phenotypes
Due to epigenetic factors that can affect gene expression
This is impossible
This can only result from a mutation
Map the following genes: A – B = 20% A - C = 10% B – C = 10% A – D = 15%, D – C = 5%
BADC
CADB
ACBD
ACDB
Why are fathers not able to pass on X-linked recessive traits to their sons?
This is untrue, males can pass on x-linked traits to their sons
Males will only pass on dominant X-linked traits
Males cannot carry recessive x-linked traits
Males do not pass on X chromosomes to their sons
How can you determine if genes are linked or not by looking at the phenotypes of parents and their offspring?
The genes will be inherited separately majority of the time.
The genes will be inherited together greater than 50% of the time.
This cannot be determined by observation
When will you reject the null hypothesis in a Chi-square test?
When you found no correlation between the variables
When the test statistic is greater than the value on the Chi-square table
When the test statistic is less than the value on the Chi-square table
When the observed values are very close to the expected values
If two individuals are unaffected by a recessive disorder, yet they had a child with the disorder, what must be true of the parents?
The parents gametes contained a mutation
The parents are both heterozygous
One parent was a carrier for the disorder
One parent had to be homozygous
One true-breeding line of mice is obese and dark and another is lean and light. Dark is dominant to light, but obese and lean exhibit incomplete dominance. What proportion of offspring from a dihybrid cross should be dark and obese?
1/16
3/16
1/4
3/8
Australian shepherd dogs can have a solid coat color (mm) or a mixed pattern coat color called merle (Mm). The homozygous dominant coat color is called a lethal white (MM) which produces pups that are deaf and blind. The Australian Shepherds of America Club discourages from mating two merles. Which of the following best explains why merle-to-merle matings are undesirable?
The cross has the probability of producing litters with 50% solid coat color pups.
The cross produces all homozygous recessive pups
The cross has the probability of producing litters with 25% merle coat pups.
The cross has a 25% chance of producing homozygous dominant pups.
Australian Shepherds are a breed of dogs whose coat color is directly impacted by two different genes. The gene that determines basic coat color exhibits a dominant allele (B) for black coat color and a recessive allele (b) for red coat color. Additionally, these dogs can have a solid coat color (mm) or a mixed pattern coat color called merle (Mm). The homozygous dominant coat color is called a lethal white (MM) which produces pups that are deaf and blind. What is the probability that two red Australian shepherds will produce a black pup?
0
1/4
1/2
3/4
Experiment 1:Pure white eyed male Drosophilia x pure wildtype females
f1 were wildtype
Exp 2: pure wildtype males x pure white eyed females
f1: males white eyed ; females are wildtype
Question: what can be determined by experiment 1 & 2
Eye color is autosomal
Eye color is sex linked
Dark spots are dominant to light; Flat leaves are dominant to thick.
If there was a Ddff x ddFf
what will the probability be of a dark thick leaved plant?
1/4
1/2
0
1
Experiment 1: pure vestigal wing, wildtype body males x pure wildtype wings, no bristle body females
offspring 200 wildtpye wing & wildtype body males
190 wildtype wing & wildtype body females
Experiment 2 wild type males above x vestigal wing, no bristle body female
offspring:
A- 150 Wildtype wing & body males & females
B- 24 wildtype wing, no bristle body males and females
C- 146 Vestigal wing, no bristle body males & females
D- 30 vestigal wing, wildtype body males & females
What caused the recombinant offspring
crossing over of linked genes
Independent assortment of these un-linked genes
Morgan used fruit flies (Drosophila) in his studies for all the following reasons except
The are r selective
only have 8 chromosomes
can easily be self or cross pollinated
distinct traits & wild type (common traits)
Experiment 1: pure veinless wing, wildtype body males x pure wildtype wings, dark colored body females
offspring 500 wildtpye wing & wildtype body males
490 wildtype wing & wildtype body females
Experiment 2: wild type females above x veinless wing brown body
offspring:
A- 150 Wildtype wing & body males & females
B- 153 wildtype wing, brown body males and females
C- 146 Veinless wing, brown body males & females
D- 135 Veinless wing, wildtype body males and females
What caused the Recombinant offspring
Crossing over of these linked genes during in meiosis in the parents
Independent assortment of theses unlinked genes (separate chromosomes) in meiosis in the parents
Experiment 1: pure veinless wing, wildtype body males x pure wildtype wings, dark colored body females
offspring 500 wildtpye wing & wildtype body males
490 wildtype wing & wildtype body females
Experiment 2: wild type females above x veinless wing brown body
offspring:
A- 150 Wildtype wing & body males & females
B- 153 wildtype wing, brown body males and females
C- 146 Veinless wing, brown body males & females
D- 135 Veinless wing, wildtype body males and females
Which is the Recombinant offspring
A & B
A &C
B & D
Experiment 1: pure veinless wing, wildtype body males x pure wildtype wings, dark colored body females
offspring 500 wildtpye wing & wildtype body males
490 wildtype wing & wildtype body females
Experiment 2: wild type females above x veinless wing brown body
offspring:
A- 150 Wildtype wing & body males & females
B- 159 wildtype wing, brown body males and females
C- 146 Veinless wing, brown body males & females
D- 145 Veinless wing, wildtype body males and females
What is the map distance between these 2 genes
51 map Units
These genes are not linked, they are sorting independently (1:1:1:1 ratio)
Experiment 1: pure vestigal wing, wildtype body males x pure wildtype wings, no bristle body females
offspring 200 wildtpye wing & wildtype body males
190 wildtype wing & wildtype body females
Experiment 2 wild type males above x vestigal wing, no bristle body female
offspring:
A- 150 Wildtype wing & body males & females
B- 24 wildtype wing, no bristle body males and females
C- 146 Vestigal wing, no bristle body males & females
D- 30 vestigal wing, wildtype body males & females
What is the map distance between these 2 genes
15.4 map units
84.5 map units
48.6 map units
Experiment 1: pure vestigal wing, wildtype body males x pure wildtype wings, no bristle body females
offspring 200 wildtpye wing & wildtype body males
190 wildtype wing & wildtype body females
Experiment 2 wild type males above x vestigal wing, no bristle body female
offspring:
A- 150 Wildtype wing & body males & females
B- 24 wildtype wing, no bristle body males and females
C- 146 Vestigal wing, no bristle body males & females
D- 30 vestigal wing, wildtype body males & females
Question which apply
A testcross was done
A reciprocal cross was done
A & D are recombinant offspring
Wildtype wing and wildtype body are Autosomal dominant
These genes are not on the same chromosomes & sorting independently
Experiment 1: Pure tall legs,wrinkled skin males X Pure Short legs, smooth skin females ( mole rates)
F1: Tall smooth males and female
Which genetic concepts apply
polygenic
autosomal domiance & recessive traits
Sex-linked traits
Dihybrid cross
Sorting Independently
Experiment 1: Pure tall stem,wrinkled seeds X Pure Short stem, round seeds
F1: Tall Round
Experiment 2: F1 xF1
off springs were counted , but their phenotypes were not noted; assuming that the genes are sorting independently, which of these offspring were Tall ROUND
A- 44
B-135
C-138
D-400
B or C
A
D
Experiment 1: Pure tall stem,wrinkled seeds X Pure Short stem, round seeds
F1: Tall Round
Experiment 2: F1 xF1
off springs were counted , but their phenotypes were not noted; assuming that the genes are sorting independently, which of these offspring were SHORT WRINKLED
A- 44
B-135
C-138
D-400
B or C
A
D
Experiment 1: Pure tall stem,wrinkled seeds X Pure Short stem, round seeds
F1: Tall Round
Experiment 2: F1 xF1
off springs were counted , but their phenotypes were not noted; assuming that the genes are sorting independently, which of these offspring were TALL WRINKLED
A- 44
B-135
C-138
D-400
B or C
A
D
