What are the two known transformation processes?

Occurs in the small or large bowel, Undergoes nuclear followed by cytoplasmic division to form eight trophozoites, From a Cyst it becomes a trophozoite

From trophozoite it becomes a Cyst, When dehydrated in bowel lumen

Highly motile; movement from long finger -like pseudopodial extensions of the ectoplasm into which endoplasm flows.

Most common extra- intestinal form of amebiasis, 150 nm cyst wall with fibrillar structure, Chromidial bodies and bars are semi crystalline arrays of ribosomes

Eukaryotic organism, But lack of organelles that morphologically resemble mitochondria, Pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase and hsp60 are present, At one time may have contained mitochondria

Smaller in size, Oval with a blunt pseudopodium projecting from the periphery, Food vacuoles disappear

Abdominal pain, Diarrhea with or without blood and mucus in the stool, Fever is not common and it occurs only in one third of patients

Three types of amebiasis can result from infection:

Drug of Choice for invasive amebiasis

These amebae are non invasive, Do not cause disease, Reproduction is by Binary fission of trophozoites

Spherical nucleus with a distinct nuclear membrane lined with chromatin granules and a small karyosome found near the center of the nucleus

Vesicular nucleus with a relatively large, Irregularly shaped karyosome anchored to the nucleus by achromatic fibrils

Large, Chromatin-rich Karyosome surrounded by a later of achromatic globules and anchored to the nuclear membrane by achromatic fibrils.

Colonize the large intestines and live on the mucus coat covering the intestinal mucosa

What process that Occurs in the alkaline environment of the lower small intestines

MOT of Commensal Amebae

All species have the following stages:

Commensal Amebae Cyst:

What process that Occurs as amebae pass through the lower colon where colonic contents are more dehydrated

Where does the entamoeba first detected?

Identical with E. Dispar (Differs biochemically & Genetically)

Similar to E. histolytica, but both its trophozoites & cysts are smaller, never contain ingested rbc’s, “small race” E. histolytica and it is Non-pathogenic amoeba

Lives freely in the lumen of the large intestine of man.

Non-pathogenic

RBC in cytoplasm is present

Chromatid Body is Splinter like/ Broomstick

RBC in cytoplasm is absent

It is Cigar Shape

It is finger like

The type of pseudopod is Blunt

It has 4 Nucleus (cyst)

It has 8 Nucleus (Cyst)

It is the infective Stage of E. Coli and E. Histolytica

Found in the intestines of pigs and monkeys

Rarely it can infect humans

Humans – Accidental Host

Considered a parasite of pigs and Monkeys, Motility of trophozoite is sluggish, Small karyosome is centrally located in the nucleus

· Distinguishable from E. Histolytica

· Former’s cyst is consistently uninucleate

· Chromatoidal bars are frequently angular or pointed

Cysts only contain 1 nucleus

Morphologically identical with E. chattoni in apes and monkeys

Cysts only contain 1 nucleus

Morphologically identical with E. Polecki in apes and monkeys

It is an entamoeba Found in the Mouth

· Trophozoites measures 10 to 20 um

· Moves quickly

· Has numerous blunt pseudopodia food vacuoles that contain cellular debris

·Bacteria are numerous

·Lives on the surface of gum and teeth, gum pockets and sometimes in the tonsillar crypts

·Abundant in cases of oral diseases

·No cyst stages

The only Amoeba That ingest WBC's

· Blunt hyaline pseudopodia

· Nucleus has a large, irregular karyosome

· Food vacuoles found in the cytoplasm may contain bacteria

Lives as harmless commensal in the lumen of the large intestine of man, monkeys & pigs.

· The cyst is irregularly pyriform in shape & ovoid

· Transmitted from man to man when viable cyst is ingested.

Diagnosis For Commensal Amebae

Treatment for Commensal Amebae

It is a free living Protozoans with two Vegetative form, Ameba (Trophozoite form) and Flagellate (Swimming Form)

What are the two vegetative forms of Naegleria Spp.

Two forms of Trophozoites of naegleria Fowleri

Cytoplasm is granular and contains many vacuoles

Single nucleus is large

Treatment for Naegleria Spp.

“thorn-like” appendages

Ubiquitous

Free living ameba that is the etiologic agent of acanthamoeba keratitis (AK)

Active trophozoite stage with

Motile Trophozoites

Motile Trophozoites Can adapt to feed on

Way of Reproduction in Acanthamoeba

· Single large nucleus with a centrally located

· Densely staining nucleolus;

· large endosome;

Acanthamoeba's Infective Stage

The Reservoir host for Acanthamoeba Trophozoites

· Opportunistic ocular surface pathogen causing keratitis

· Associated with use of improperly disinfected soft contact lenses

Treatment for Acanthamoeba Infection

Newly described amoeba; does not have a flagellate stage.

Has two nuclei

rounded posterior end and excrete waste

In Ciliates and flagellate Oral apparatus at the tapered anterior end, Which it acquires food.

Largest protozoan parasite to affect humans

Cysts are characterized by having 3 layers in the cyst wall

Treatment Balantidium Coli Infection

Balantidium Coli Causative agent of the zoonotic disease called