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Earth and Space Science Final Review

Total questions: 81

Worksheet time: 7hrs 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

How much Oxygen is in our atmosphere today?

a)

About 21%

b)

About 78%

c)

Less than 1%

d)

About 50%

2.

How much Nitrogen in is in our atmosphere today?

a)

About 21%

b)

Less than 1%

c)

About 78%

d)

About 50%

3.

Our earliest atmosphere was similar to the atmospheres of the gas giant planets in our solar system. Which gases were found in the earliest Earth Atmosphere?

a)

Nitrogen and Hydrogen

b)

Hydrogen and Helium

c)

Helium and Oxygen

d)

Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide

4.

Where did the gases MOSTLY come from in our 2nd version of the atmosphere?

a)

Volcanic Outgassing

b)

Outer space

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Respiration

5.

How did the seas and oceans form?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Volcanic Eruptions

c)

Water Vapour condensing

6.

Which of the following helped to reduce the levels of Carbon Dioxide? (Tick 2 boxes)

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Volcanic Eruptions

c)

Dissolved into the oceans

d)

Respiration

7.

Which of the following increased the levels of Oxygen in the atmosphere?

a)

Respiration

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Volcanic Eruptions

d)

Sea levels rising

8.

For every million molecules of gas in the current atmosphere, approximately how many of those molecules are Carbon Dioxide?

a)

2

b)

6

c)

4

d)

2,000

9.

Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapor were broken down by sunlight in the atmosphere and oxygen was produced through which of the following processes?

a)

Photolysis

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Lysogenic Cycle

d)

Spectrophotometry

10.

Which of the following is NOT a type of UV radiation

a)

UV B rays

b)

UV C rays

c)

UV D rays

d)

UV A rays

11.

What were the first photosynthetic organisms responsible for mass producing oxygen into the atmosphere during Earth's second Atmosphere?

a)

Cyanobacteria

b)

Pine Trees

c)

Moss

d)

Grasses

12.

Which gas exists in our current atmosphere purely to limit the amount of reactions that take place between other gases?

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Argon

c)

Oxygen

d)

Hydrogen

13.
When water goes from being a liquid to a gas (water vapor), that process is called
a)
Condensation
b)
Evaporation
c)
Precipitation
d)
Transpiration
14.

The phenomenon that deflects wind in a direction consistent with the Earth’s rotation is known as:

a)

Coriolis Effect

b)

Windward/ Leeward principle

c)

Spirality

d)

Surface Albedo

15.

If a section of ocean water is saltier and colder than the warmer water around it, what will happen to that saltier, colder water?

a)

It will rise above the rest and float due to less density

b)

It will stay in the spot where it is

c)

It will sink due to higher density

d)

It will float due to the salt's buoyancy

16.

The process pictured is called a:

a)

Surface Albedo

b)

Surface Current

c)

Coriolis Effect

d)

Thermohaline Current

17.

Which surface found on Earth would have the highest surface albedo (reflectivity)?

a)

Asphalt on the Road

b)

Fresh snow

c)

Ocean Water

d)

Grass

18.

The Earth's tilt is responsible for all of the following EXCEPT:

a)

The seasonal changes north and south of the equator

b)

The poles experiencing multiple days of day and multiple days of night repeatedly

c)

The area around the equator experiencing the most consistent light and heat year round.

d)

The snow formations at the poles

19.

The high and low tides can be experienced due to the gravitational effects of the:

a)

Sun

b)

Sun and Moon

c)

Continents

d)

Magnetic Field

20.

Which of the following would NOT directly affect the atmospheric transparency of Earth?

a)

Volcanic Ash

b)

Deforestation

c)

Storm Cloud Formation

d)

Meteor Impact Ejecting Debris into the sky

21.

The majority of the hydrosphere is comprised of water in which state of matter?

a)

Solid

b)

Liquid

c)

Gas

d)

Plasma

22.
This is an example of -
a)
convergent
b)
divergent
c)
transform
23.
This is an example of -
a)
convergent
b)
divergent
c)
transform
24.
What causes the tectonic plates to move?
a)
convection of magma
b)
the earth's magnetic field
c)
the earth spinning
d)
earth's gravitational pull
25.
The movement of plates at a divergent boundary
a)
move towards each other
b)
slide past each other
c)
move up and down
d)
move away from each other
26.
Sea floor spreading happens at what type of boundary
a)
Divergent
b)
Convergent
c)
Transform
d)
Mountainous
27.
What is a major geological event that occurs when plates shift suddenly and release stored energy?
a)
earthquakes
b)
volcanic eruptions
c)
divergent boundaries
28.
What does the theory of continental drift state?
a)
The continents were once joined in a super-continent and have moved over time
b)
Continents are stationary and do not move
c)
The Earth is broken into lithospheric plates that move due to convection currents
d)
none of the above
29.
Look at the drawing shown.  What likely happens when two continental plates collide?
a)
An ocean trench forms.
b)
Earthquakes occur.
c)
Sea-floor spreading occurs
d)
Folded mountains form.
30.
When plates slip sideways against each other the type of boundary we have is...
a)
Divergent
b)
Convergent
c)
Transform
d)
Slip SIdeways
31.
The layer of Earth that is found directly below the lithosphere is called the -
a)
asthenosphere.
b)
inner core.
c)
outer core.
d)
crust.
32.
The Himalayas in Asia are an example of what type of plate boundary?
a)
divergent
b)
continent-to-continent convergent
c)
ocean-to-continent convergent
d)
transform
33.
What forms at a divergent boundary?
a)
mid-ocean ridges
b)
mountains
c)
earthquakes
d)
only volcanoes
34.
What is a subduction zone?
a)
where plates move into each other
b)
where plates are moving away form each other
c)
where plates move past each other
d)
area where plate slips under another plate
35.
Which of these will most likely happen because the lithospheric plates move away from each other?
a)
New sea floor forms.
b)
Tides become higher.
c)
Winds become stronger.
d)
Water moves to higher latitudes.
36.
Which of the following is NOT a tectonic boundary?
a)
Convergent
b)
Divergent
c)
Sedergent
d)
Transform
37.
What are underwater mountain ranges called?
a)
continental shelf
b)
mid-ocean ridges
c)
abyssal plains
d)
continental slopes
38.
What is the flat land located on either side of the mid-ocean ridge?
a)
continental slope
b)
continental shelf
c)
abyssal plain
d)
ocean basin
39.
What is the deepest part of the ocean basin?
a)
abyssal plains
b)
trenches
c)
rift zones
d)
mid-ocean ridge
40.

Converging crustal plates subducting back into Earth's mantle causes this feature

a)

deep-ocean trench

b)

turbidity currents

c)

continental rise

d)

submarine canyon

41.
The high temperatures on Venus' surface are a result of
a)
how close Venus is to the sun.
b)
the sulfuric acid in the atmosphere.
c)
its extremely long days.
d)
  the runaway greenhouse effect.
42.

What is the name of the highest and largest volcano in the solar system?

a)

Tycho crater

b)

Mount Everest

c)

Mount Kilimanjaro

d)

Olympus Mons

43.
How would you compare the diameter of Mars to the Earth's?   
a)
2 times the Earth's
b)
1/2 the Earth's
c)
1/10 the Earth's
d)
5 times the Earth's
44.
How is Mercury different from the other Terrestrial planets?   
a)
It has volcanoes on its surface
b)
It has water on its surface
c)
It is airless and barren
d)
It has two moons
45.
Which of the Terrestrial planets has at least one moon?  
a)
Earth & Mars
b)
only the Earth
c)
Earth, Mars & Venus
d)
all of them
46.
Which of the following is NOT something that the Terrestrial planets all have in common?               
a)
they are lacking atmospheres
b)
they are lacking a ring system
c)
they are small
d)
they have few or no moons
47.

Why doesn’t Mercury have much of an atmosphere?

a)

It's core produces a weak magnetic field.

b)

It is too small.

c)

Solar Winds blast it away

d)

All of the these are true.

48.
What types of features dominate the surface of Venus?     
a)
dried up river beds
b)
oceans
c)
volcanoes
d)
impact craters
49.

The main component of Mars’ soil and atmosphere that gives it its red coloration is:

a)

nitrogen

b)

Iron oxide minerals

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

Nickel oxide

50.
What is unique about Mercury’s core?    
a)
It is a very small percentage of its volume.
b)
It is a very large percentage of its volume.
c)
It is made of hydrogen gas.  
d)
It is not made of metals.
51.
What is the correct order of the terrestrial planets, in increasing distance from the Sun?  
a)
Mars, Venus, Earth, Mercury
b)
Venus, Mercury, Mars, Earth
c)
Mars, Mercury, Earth, Venus
d)
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
52.

Which feature is uniquely found on Earth among all of the terrestrial planets?

a)

Volcanic activity

b)

Mountains

c)

Oceans

d)

Polar ice caps

53.

What is the accepted theory of where the moon came from?

a)

Multiple asteroids caught within Earth's gravity collided and formed the moon.

b)

The debris from an early planetary collision that did not condense back onto Earth orbited Earth and formed the moon through accretion.

c)

Volcanic activity spewed molten rock into space and accreted into the moon.

d)

The Moon was another dwarf planet in orbit around the sun, but it became caught in Earth's gravity once it was too close to Earth.

54.

Which of the following is NOT a unique feature of Venus compared to all the other planets.

a)

The spins clockwise on its axis.

b)

It orbits the sun in the counter-clockwise direction.

c)

Its day is longer than its year.

d)

It has sulfuric acid clouds.

55.

Which of the following does NOT describe the surface conditions of Venus?

a)

Pressures similar to 3000ft below the ocean surface

b)

Constant slow winds like a tidal wave

c)

Temperatures over 800 degrees Fahrenheit

d)

Constant Earthquakes from Volcanic eruption

56.

The largest and most extensive ring system belongs to:

a)

Jupiter

b)

Uranus

c)

Saturn

d)

Neptune

57.
The Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships states that an igneous intrusion is 
a)
always younger than the layers it cuts across
b)
always older than the layers it cuts across
c)
the same age as the rock it melted
d)
none of the answers are correct
58.
The statement that the oldest layer will be at the bottom in an undisturbed sequence of rock layers is called the Principle of ....
a)
Inclusions
b)
Unconformities
c)
Cross-Cutting Relationships
d)
Superposition
59.
Which of the following correctly lists the layers in order from oldest to youngest?
a)
A, B, C, D, E
b)
E, B, C, D, A
c)
E, D, C, B, A
d)
C, B, A, D, E
60.
How does the law of crosscutting explain the age of a fault?
a)
The fault is younger than the rocks above it.
b)
The fault is younger than the rocks it cuts through.
c)
The fault is older than the rocks above it.
d)
The fault is older than the rocks it cuts through.
61.
How does sedimentary rock usually form?
a)
Vertically
b)
Diagonally
c)
Folding
d)
Horizontally
62.
In which kind of rock do we usually find a fossil?
a)
sedimentary  rock
b)
metamorphic rock
c)
igneous rock
63.

What period followed the Permian Extinction?

a)

Carboniferous

b)

Cretaceous

c)

Triassic

d)

Devonian

64.

During which period did the largest mass extinction occur?

a)

Ordovician

b)

Devonian

c)

Permian

d)

Cretaceous

65.

During which Period below did the dinosaurs NOT inhabit the Earth?

a)

Triassic

b)

Jurassic

c)

Cretaceous

d)

Tertiary

66.

What period do we currently live in?

a)

Quarternary

b)

Cenozoic

c)

Tertiary

d)

Paleogene

67.
Which is the hottest part of the Earth?
a)
The core
b)
The mantle
c)
The crust
d)
The Asthenosphere
68.
Which two metals are thought to be found in the core?
a)
iron and steel
b)
iron and nickel
c)
gold and silver
d)
iron and copper
69.
Which layer of the Earth is the most dense?
a)
Crust
b)
Inner core
c)
Mantle
d)
Outer core
70.
Which letter represents the entire mantle?
a)
A
b)
C
c)
D
d)
F
71.
Which layer of Earth is liquid metal?
a)
Outer Core
b)
Mantle
c)
Inner Core
d)
Asthenosphere
72.
The cycle that powers the ocean currents, weather, and tectonic plates it called
a)
conduction current
b)
radiation
c)
condition current
d)
convection current
73.
Warm air is __________ dense than cold air and rises creating convection currents.
a)
more
b)
less
74.

What is the name of the galaxy in which Earth is located?

a)

Big Band

b)

Milky Way

c)

Mars

d)

Universe

75.

if the star and earth are moving toward each other, the star's light appears bluer → Blue shift

a)

True

b)

False

76.

What is the component of the universe that is best described as a system of stars, gases, and dust held together by gravity.

a)

universe

b)

galaxy

c)

solar system

d)

planet

77.

What two elements mostly make up stars?

a)

Hydrogen and Oxygen

b)

Hydrogen and Helium

c)

Helium and Oxygen

d)

Hydrogen and Nitrogen

78.

According to the big bang theory, the universe began as an explosion and is still expanding. This theory is supported by observations that the stellar spectra of distant galaxies show a - (hint: which one is moving away?)

a)

a shift toward the red end of the spectrum

b)

a shift toward the blue end of the spectrum

c)

a shift toward the yellow end of the spectrum

d)

a shift toward the white end of the spectrum

79.

In about 5 billion years, our sun will

grow 100 times its size into its

next stage called a

a)

Supernova

b)

Neutron star

c)

Red giant

d)

White dwarf

80.

Why is a black hole called “black”?

a)

It has too much radiation

b)

It absorbs all the light that hits it

c)

It is black and it is a hole

d)

Outer space is dark

81.

Why do massive stars have shorter

life-spans than average stars?

a)

They have less steps in their life-cycle

b)

They have less fuel to burn

c)

They burn through their fuel faster

d)

They are cooler

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