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WorksheetsUnit4Test_Genetics_Review
Total questions: 85
Worksheet time: 1hrs 3mins
Genetically identical plants will produce either pink flowers or blue flowers, depending on the pH of soil in which they are planted. What is most likely the explanation for the differences in flower color?
The flower-color gene is codominant.
Mutations alter the flower-color gene.
The flower-color gene is sex-linked.
Environmental factors affect flower color.
What are the phenotype percentages of the offspring?
(A-Brown fur color; a-white fur color)
25 % Brown fur and 75% White fur
50 % Brown fur and 50% White fur
75 % Brown fur and 25% White fur
50% White fur and 50% Brown fur
Epigenetics is the study of how DNA interacts with other molecules in the cell to
change DNA
turn genes on or off
make more DNA
stop making proteins
In pea plants, the allele for smooth seeds (R) is dominant to the allele for wrinkled seeds (r). Two parent plants are crossed. Almost half of the offspring have smooth seeds, while the rest of the offspring have wrinkled seeds. Which of the following identifies the most likely genotypes of the two parent plants?
RR and rr
RR and Rr
Rr and rr
Rr and Rr
In Labrador retrievers, the allele for brown coat color (b) is recessive to the allele for black coat color (B). Information about two Labrador retrievers is given below. If dog W and dog X were crossed, what percentage of the offspring would be expected to be brown?
0%
25%
50%
100%
According to Mendel’s law of dominance, which statement best describes the result of a cross between parents with genotypes Rr and Rr? ( R = red flowers r = white flowers)
All offspring with at least one R will have red flowers.
Only RR offspring will have red flowers.
Only Rr offspring will have red flowers.
Because of the law of dominance, all offspring will have red flowers.
According to Mendel’s law of dominance, we would expect _________ percent of the offspring to have white flowers.
0%
25%
50%
100%
75%
Which of the following is true about Gregor Mendel. Check all that apply
he is known as the "father of genetics'
he discovered that the shape of DNA is a double helix
he experimented with pea plants
He discovered sex linked traits
What is the phenotype in the bottom right square?
yy
Yy
yellow
green
Red flowers crossed with white flowers can yield pink flowers. Pink is the heterozygous condition in a trait that shows incomplete dominance. If pink flowers are crossed with white flowers, assuming random chromosome segregation, what percentage is expected to be red flowers?
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Solve using incomplete dominance. A black cat (BB) mates with a white cat (WW), 100% of the offspring will be -
BB-black kittens
BW-gray kittens
WW-white kittens
BW-black and white kittens
Some unique color patterns are inherited by which type of inheritance?
codominance
sex-linked
incomplete dominance
polygenic inheritance
Some unique color patterns are inherited by which type of inheritance?
codominance
sex-linked
incomplete dominance
polygenic inheritance
What is the genotype of the mother?
BB
bb
Bb
BB or Bb
There are 4 different alleles for blood types out there for you to inherit. You however only inherit 2 alleles (one from your mother and one from your father) There for human blood type is an example of
incomplete dominance
multiple alleles
sex-linked traits
polygenic inheritance
Human blood types are unusual because you could have blood type AB. AB blood type is an example of
incomplete dominance
multiple alleles
codominance
polygenic inheritance
What is a Punnett square used for?
predicting the probability of genetic outcomes
to give you the actual percentages of genetic traits you will see in offspring
it is actually another word for pedigree
Arctic hares are white for part of the year and brown the other part of the year. This color change is due to:
incomplete dominance
codominance
recessive inheritance
dominant inheritance
environmental factors
Which of the following describes epigenetics?
changes to DNA that can not be inherited by offspring
spontaneous mutations that can be inherited by offspring
heritable traits in gene expression turned on by environmental factors
A mutation may be passed along to human offspring
through mitosis only.
through neither mitosis nor meiosis.
through both mitosis and meiosis.
through meiosis only.
In the image, the squares represent males, the circles females. The darkened shapes represent those who are affected. The diagonal line represents deceased subjects.
In the diagram below, the trait being documented is inherited which way?
dominant trait
recessive trait
sex-linked trait
codominance
In the diagram below, the trait being documented is inherited which way?
recessive trait
dominant trait
sex-linked trait
polygenic inheritance
Coat color in mice is incompletely dominant. Yellow (Y) and white (W) -colored mice are homozygous, while cream-colored mice are heterozygous (YW). If two cream-colored mice mate, what percentage of each mice will be cream color?
25%
50%
0%
75%
100%
What is the probability of having a AB blood type when the MOM= O and Dad= AB?
25%
50%
0%
75%
100%
This pedigree represents the inheritance of a non sex-linked trait in this family. How many of the females have the trait?
2
3
5
6
Sex linked traits are found on what chromosome?
x
y
x & y
trisomy 21
Cross a male with hemophilia(sex-linked) and a female carrier. What is the chance of having a son with hemophilia?
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Colorblindness is an X-linked recessive disorder. A man who is colorblind can give the colorblind allele to his _____.
son
daughter
both son and daughter
neither son or daughter
In snapdragons, flower color is controlled by incomplete dominance. The two alleles are red (R) and white (W). The heterozygous genotype is expressed as pink. What happens when you cross a Red flower with a pink flower?
100% red
50% red, 50% white
50% red, 50% pink
25% red, 50% pink, 25% white
100% white
The production of pink flowered plants from a cross between a red flowered plant and a white flowered plant is an example of
polygenic inheritance
codominance
incomplete dominance
sex-linked traits
In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant over white flowers (p). If two heterozygous purple-flowered plants are crossed with each other, then what are the possible genotypes of the offspring?
PP and pp
Pp, PP and pp
Pp only
Pp and pp
Non-Mendelian inheritance patterns can be sorted into three categories: incomplete dominance, codominance, and sex-linked traits. Which are NOT an example of a sex-linked trait? (more than 1 answer)
Hemophilia
Colorblindness
Dog tail length
Down's syndrome
An individual who is a
heterozygous carrier for the Sickle Cell Trait (SCT) provides protection against Malaria without being affected by Sickle Cell Anemia. If one parent who is homozygous for SCT and one parent with normal blood have offspring what is the probability that their offspring will have protection against Malaria by being carriers of SCT?
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
According to Mendel's law of segregation, what is the expected genotypic ratio of the offspring when two heterozygous individuals are crossed?
1:1
1:2:1
3:1
9:3:3:1
What is the expected genotypic ratio of the offspring when two heterozygous individuals are crossed?
1:1
1:2:1
3:1
9:3:3:1
What is the probability of having a BB blood type when the MOM= O and Dad= AB?
25%
50%
0%
75%
100%
What is the probability of having a BB blood type when the MOM= O and Dad= AB?
25%
50%
0%
75%
100%
According to Mendel’s law of dominance, which statement best describes the result of a cross between parents with genotypes Rr and Rr? ( R = red flowers r = white flowers)
All offspring with at least one R will have red flowers.
Only RR offspring will have red flowers.
Only Rr offspring will have red flowers.
Because of the law of dominance, all offspring will have red flowers.
What is the probability of having a AB blood type when the MOM= O and Dad= AB?
25%
50%
0%
75%
100%
How can epigenetic changes influence an organism's phenotype without altering the DNA sequence?
By changing the DNA sequence to produce new traits
By modifying gene expression through DNA methylation
By increasing the number of genes in the genome
By removing essential genes from the genome
Which of the following environmental factors can lead to epigenetic changes?
Temperature and humidity
Diet and exercise
Exposure to pollutants
All of the above
What role do histone modifications play in epigenetics?
They change the DNA sequence to alter gene expression
They replicate DNA more efficiently
They influence the packing of DNA, affecting gene expression
They eliminate foreign DNA from the cell
If a plant heterozygous for tallness (Tt) is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant for the same trait, what is the expected phenotype ratio of their offspring?
100% tall
75% tall, 25% short
50% tall, 50% short
25% tall, 75% short
Which of the following is an example of a trait that follows Mendelian inheritance patterns?
Human height
Pea plant flower color
Skin color in humans
Eye color in fruit flies
Which of the following is an example of codominance in humans?
Blood type AB
Attached earlobes
Blue eye color
Height
In cattle, the allele for red coat (R) and the allele for white coat (W) are codominant. If a red cow (RR) is crossed with a white bull (WW), what will be the coat color of the offspring?
Red
White
Roan (mixed red and white)
Black
How does codominance differ from incomplete dominance?
In codominance, one allele is dominant over the other.
In codominance, both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype.
In incomplete dominance, the phenotype is a blend of the two alleles.
Both B and C are correct.
When a red snapdragon is crossed with a white snapdragon, the offspring are pink. What is this an example of?
Co-dominance
Incomplete dominance
Multiple alleles
Sex-linked inheritance
In the case of incomplete dominance, if a homozygous red-flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous white-flowered plant, what will be the phenotype of the F1 generation?
All red flowers
All white flowers
A mix of red and white flowers
All pink flowers
What is the purpose of using pedigree charts in genetics?
To predict the weather patterns over generations
To trace the inheritance of traits in families
To map out the physical locations of genes on chromosomes
To determine the nutritional needs of an organism
In a pedigree chart, what does a square typically represent?
A female individual
A male individual
A marriage or mating
An offspring
How can a pedigree chart help in predicting the risk of inheriting genetic disorders?
By showing the weather conditions affecting genetic mutations
By indicating the presence of dominant or recessive traits in ancestors
By displaying the nutritional habits of ancestors
By mapping the entire genome of an individual
Which of the following is an example of a sex-linked trait in humans?
Blood type
Eye color
Color blindness
Height
Why are males more likely than females to express recessive sex-linked traits?
Males have two copies of each sex chromosome.
Males are genetically predisposed to recessive traits.
Males have only one X chromosome.
Females cannot inherit sex-linked traits.
How can a female be a carrier of a sex-linked trait but not express it?
She has two dominant alleles for the trait.
She has one recessive allele and one dominant allele for the trait.
She has two recessive alleles for the trait.
She cannot be a carrier without expressing the trait.
What principle of Mendel's explains why alleles separate during gamete formation?
Law of Independent Assortment
Law of Segregation
Law of Dominance
Law of Uniformity
Which of Mendel's laws can be demonstrated by a dihybrid cross?
Law of Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment
Law of Dominance
Law of Uniformity
Check all the blood types that exist in humans.
A
B
AB
O
What would be the gametes for the YyRr plant?
YR, YR, yR, yR
YR, Yr, yR, yr
Yy, Rr, YY, RR
yy, rr, yy, rr
What would be the gametes for the yyrr plant?
yR, yr, Yr, YR
yy, yy, yy, yy
yr, yr, yr, yr
YR, YR, YR, YR
Which of the following represents a heterozygous genotype?
Aa
AA
aa
Ab
Which of the following best describes Mendel's law of dominance?
When an organism has two different alleles of the same gene, both genes will be expressed equally.
When an organism has two alleles, one of genes will be expressed and the other will be hidden.
When an organism has two different alleles of the same gene, one will always be dominant.
The stronger of the two genes will be expressed.
Mendel also observed seed color in pea plants. In a study of several generations, yellow seeds appeared more frequently than green seeds. Which of the following is most likely the reason for this observation?
Green seeds are dominant to yellow seeds.
Yellow seeds are recessive to green seeds
Green seeds are recessive to yellow seeds.
Colorblindness is a recessive X-linked disorder.
Which genotype represents a male with normal vision?
XN YN
Xn Yn
XN Y
Xn Y
The blending of two traits in which one is not completely dominant over the other is known as ---
incomplete dominance
codominance
What type of inheritance pattern is shown here?
Codominance
Incomplete dominance
A calico cat shows both the traits for orange fur and black fur. What kind of allele expression is this?
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
The green fish offspring in this image is an example of ---
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Incomplete dominance occurs in cats, which allows them to be Black, White, or gray as shown on this Punnett square. What percentage of the offspring will be gray?
25
50
75
100
What does this Punnett square and the probabilities of the ofspring represent?
incomplete dominance
codominance
A brown rooster and a white chicken produced this speckled offspring:
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Complete dominance
A black male and white female produced this grey offspring:
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Complete dominance
A woman with curly hair and a man with straight hair produced a child with wavy hair:
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Complete dominance
What are the possible genotypes for a person who has the blood group A?
IAIA
IAIi
IAIB
IBIi
