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Biology EOC Review 1

Total questions: 120

Worksheet time: 2hrs 31mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
An iodine solution is placed on the cut side of a potato. Within seconds, a blue-black color appears. What is most likely occurring?
a)
A positive test for proteins
b)
A positive test for starches
c)
A negative test for proteins
d)
A negative test for starches
2.
A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which has occurred?
a)
The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution.
b)
The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums.
c)
The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient.
d)
The excess water has moved out of the gums.
3.
Which organelle is the site where amino acids are synthesized into proteins?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosome
c)
Golgi apparatus
d)
Mitochondria
4.
Plant cells that are specialized for cell division are most likely found in what part of a plant?
a)
Root tips
b)
Bark
c)
Stem epidermis
d)
Vascular tissue
5.
This diagram shows the cell cycle.

Which of the following activities occur in the S phase?
a)
Replication of the DNA
b)
Growth of the cell
c)
Formation of the mitotic spindle
d)
Breakdown of the nuclear membrane
6.
RNA and DNA are which type of organic compound?
a)
Lipids
b)
Carbohydrates
c)
Nucleic Acids
d)
Proteins
7.
A scientist treats a cell with a chemical that destroys the ribosomes. As a result, which cell process will be stopped?
a)
Osmosis
b)
Protein Synthesis
c)
Photosynthesis
d)
Cellular Respiration
8.
This diagram shows an enzyme-substrate complex.
Which is represented by Structure X?
a)
Substrate
b)
Enzyme
c)
Complex
d)
Product
9.
Which is the most likely function of a group of cells that contain a high number of chloroplasts?
a)
Respiration
b)
Transpiration
c)
Photosynthesis
d)
Fermentation
10.
What will most likely happen if an appropriate enzyme is added to a chemical reaction?
a)
The reaction rate will increase
b)
The reaction rate will decrease
c)
The reaction will stop
d)
It will explode
11.
Which process is an example of asexual reproduction?
a)
An amoeba divides in half to form two amoebas.
b)
A bee transfers pollen from one flower to another.
c)
A female fish deposits eggs on a rock, then a male fish releases sperm on them.
d)
Earthworms exchange sperm
12.
A researcher is studying a particular disease-causing agent. The agent has a protein coat, but it lacks a nucleus, contains no other organelles, and can reproduce only when it is inside an animal cell. The researcher should classify the agent as which of the following?
a)
A bacterium
b)
A fungus
c)
A virus
d)
A protist
13.
This diagram shows the cell cycle.

Which of the following activities occur in the G1 phase?
a)
Replication of the DNA
b)
Growth of the cell
c)
Formation of the mitotic spindle
d)
Breakdown of the nuclear membrane
14.
Energy for most chemical reactions in cells is supplied by which of the following molecules?
a)
DNA
b)
ATP
c)
RNA
d)
Hemoglobin 
15.
Which pair of structures best shows that plant cells have functions different from animal cells?
a)
Cytoplasm and mitochondria
b)
Chloroplasts and cell wall
c)
Ribosome and golgi
d)
Nucleus and cell membrane
16.
Meiosis is the process by which gametes are produced. In which of the following human organs would meiosis occur?
a)
Liver
b)
Stomach
c)
Testis
d)
Lungs
17.
What is the function of enzymes in biological systems?
a)
Enzymes act as substrates when the necessary proteins are unavailable.
b)
Enzymes act as products to create new chemical reactions.
c)
Enzymes act as catalysts to drive chemical reactions forward.
d)
Enzymes bond with substrates to create the new reaction products.
18.
Which of the following macromolecules are a prominent part of animal tissues that function in insulation, helping animals conserve heat?
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic acids
19.
Some peeled pieces of apple were placed in distilled water and some in very salty water. The cells in the apple pieces will…
a)
Lose water in both solutions
b)
Gain water in both solutions
c)
Lose water in the distilled water and gain water in the salty water
d)
Gain water in the distilled water and lose water in the salty water
20.
a)
Prophase
b)
Anaphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Interphase
21.
What type of cell is shown?
a)
Eukaryotic because it has a nucleus
b)
Eukaryotic because it lacks a nucleus
c)
Prokaryotic because it has a nucleus
d)
Prokaryotic because it lacks a nucleus
22.
What type of cell is shown?
a)
eukaryotic
b)
prokaryotic
c)
bacterial
d)
protist
23.
Proteins are assembled within this cell organelle.
a)
nucleus
b)
Golgi apparatus
c)
lysosome
d)
ribosome
24.
Cellular energy is produced in the membrane of this organelle.
a)
endoplasmic reticulum
b)
chloroplast
c)
mitochondria
d)
lysosome
25.
This organelle packages proteins for export from the cell.
a)
Golgi apparatus
b)
endoplasmic reticulum
c)
ribosome
d)
lysosome
26.
This organelle would NOT be found in animal cells.
a)
cell membrane
b)
nucleus
c)
lysosome
d)
chloroplast
27.
This organelle contains enzymes that help digest and break down unwanted cellular materials.
a)
Golgi body
b)
lysosome
c)
endoplasmic reticulum
d)
vacuole
28.
What is the name and importance of the molecule shown in the picture?
a)
fatty acid tail; makes up the fat found in butter
b)
phospholipid; makes up cellular membranes
c)
triglyceride; makes up animal lard
d)
cellulose; makes up the cell walls of plants
29.
Which statement most correctly describes the difference between viruses and a bacteria?
a)
Bacteria are pathogens and viruses are not.
b)
Bacteria have a nucleus and viruses do not.
c)
Bacteria can spread throughout the body and viruses cannot.
d)
Bacteria are living and viruses are not.
30.
What is the movement of molecules or solutes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
a)
osmosis
b)
active transport
c)
merging
d)
diffusion
31.
Which of these requires ATP?
a)
osmosis
b)
diffusion
c)
active transport
d)
stasis
32.
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
a)
G1 phase
b)
S phase
c)
G2 phase
d)
M phase
33.
What phase of mitosis is shown in the picture?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
34.
What is the end result of mitosis
a)
2 cells that are identical to the parent cell
b)
2 cells that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
c)
4 cells that are identical to the parent cell
d)
4 cells that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
35.
What might a scientist observe when looking at cancer cells?
a)
Cancer cells will become stuck in the G1 on phase and will not enter the S phase
b)
Cancer cells will go through the S phase twice
c)
Cancer cells will continuously repeat the cell cycle and will not enter a resting phase
d)
Cancer cells will not undergo cytokinesis
36.
Which class of biomolecules include monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
lipids
c)
proteins
d)
nucleic acids
37.
Which class of biomolecules include fats, oils, and steroids?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
lipids
c)
proteins
d)
nucleic acids
38.
Which class of biomolecules is considered the main structural molecule?  This same class also makes up enzymes..
a)
carbohydrates
b)
lipids
c)
proteins
d)
nucleic acids
39.
Which class of biomolecules includes DNA and RNA?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
lipids
c)
proteins
d)
nucleic acids
40.
The process through which the monosaccharides are joined together to form a polysaccharide is known as what?
a)
dehydration synthesis
b)
linking
c)
catabolic reacting
d)
enzymatic hybridization
41.

Different types of mutations can occur in DNA. The diagram represents a type of mutation.Which statement describes the mutation in the diagram?

A) A silent mutation results in the insertion of a different amino acid.

B) A substitution occurs with the adenine base.

C) A deletion of a cytosine base occurs.

D) A base is inserted into one strand of the DNA.

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

42.

Differences in traits such as hair texture are determined by differences in —

A) the location of sugar groups in DNA

B) the sequence of nucleotides in DNA

C) the number of nitrogenous bases in DNA

D) the molecules attached to the phosphate in DNA

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

43.

Researchers combined sequences of fruit-fly DNA from a gene for a particular trait with frog DNA. The mixture was heated to separate the DNA strands. Cooling allowed the single strands to form pairs. The researchers observed that some of the fruit-fly DNA paired with frog DNA.The results provide evidence that —

A) similar nucleotides are present in both fruit-fly and frog DNA

B) fruit flies and frogs can be made to develop some of the same physical traits

C) heat can cause mutations in the DNA sequences of organisms

D) the replication of genetic material can occur at any temperature

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

44.

In gel electrophoresis a DNA sample from an unknown donor is placed in a small well at one end of a special gel-coated plate. Samples from known donors are placed in other wells on the plate. An electric current is passed through the plate, causing the DNA fragments to separate. The size and location of the separated fragments can be compared for similarities. The more similar the locations and sizes of the fragments, the more closely the donors of the samples are related. The diagram shows four samples being compared with an unknown sample.The donor of which sample is most closely related to the donor of the unknown sample?

A) Sample 1 B) Sample 2 C) Sample 3 D) Sample 4

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

45.

In Holstein cattle the allele for black hair color (B) is dominant over the allele for red hair color (b), and the allele for polled (P), or lacking horns, is dominant over the allele for having horns (p).What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring of a BbPp × BbPp cross if these alleles sort independently?

A) 16 black/polled : 0 black/horned : 0 red/polled : 0 red/horned

B) 12 black/polled : 0 black/horned : 0 red/polled : 4 red/horned

C) 4 black/polled : 4 black/horned : 4 red/polled : 4 red/horned

D) 9 black/polled : 3 black/horned : 3 red/polled : 1 red/horned

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

46.

Which of these is the direct result of an error in the transcription of a DNA nucleotide?

A) The nuclear membrane is ruptured.

B) Amino acids do not bond to tRNA.

C) A codon sequence is incorrect.

D) Transportation of mRNA does not occur.

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

47.

Which diagram demonstrates how crossing-over contributes to genetic variety during meiosis?

a)
b)
c)
d)
48.

A model of a biological process is shown.What is the purpose of this process?

A) To replicate the DNA of an organism before cell division

B) To assemble nucleotides in an mRNA chain along a DNA template

C) To synthesize amino acids used to unzip strands of DNA and copy the genetic code

D) To translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

49.

The arctic fox inhabits northern areas of North America. The same arctic fox is shown in the drawing at different times of the year. What causes this change in fur color?

A) The alleles for fur color change as the arctic fox grows older.

B) Gene expression for fur color is regulated by latitude.

C) The arctic fox has two traits for fur color that are determined at birth.

D) Gene expression for fur color is regulated by temperature.

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

50.

A student used poster board to construct this model of a section of DNA.Which statement describes this model of DNA?

A) The model is inaccurate because the base pairs are incorrect.

B) The model is accurate because it contains correctly paired bases.

C) The model is accurate because it shows each base splitting to form a double helix.

D) The model is inaccurate because some typical bases in DNA are missing.

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

51.

How does DNA in cells determine an organism's complex traits?

a)

DNA contains codes for proteins, which are necessary for the growth and functioning of an organism

b)

DNA produces the energy and organism needs in order to grow

c)

DNA separates into long single strands that make up each part of an organism

d)

DNA folds into the nucleus of each of the cells of an organism

52.

Which of the following polypeptides is coded for by the mRNA sequence 5' AUGGUUAAACGACAAUCC3'

*use the codon chart in your EOC Review*

a)

Val, Lys, Phe, Gly, Ser

b)

Met, Asp, Phe, Ala, Arg

c)

Met, Val, Lys, Arg, Gln, Ser

d)

Ile, Gln, Lys, Asp, Gly, Leu, Ser

53.

Albinism is an autosomal recessive condition. Which circle graph shows the genotype probability when an albino female mates with a male that is heterozygous for the albinism trait?

a)
b)
c)
d)
54.

Different types of mutations can occur in DNA. The diagram represents a type of mutation. Which statement describes the mutation in the diagram?

a)

A silent mutation results in the insertion of a different amino acid.

b)

A substitution occurs with the adenine base.

c)

A deletion of a cytosine base occurs.

d)

A base is inserted into one strand of the DNA.

55.
A heterozygous yellow pea plant's genotype would be:
a)
YY
b)
yy
c)
Yy
d)
Yg
56.
What is one advantage of sexual reproduction?
a)
offspring are identical to parents
b)
offspring are resistant to viruses
c)
offspring are born live, rather thna from eggs
d)
offspring inherit a wider variety of genetic information
57.
Brown (B) is dominant over white (b). Which genotype is a purebred for brown fur?
a)
BB
b)
Bb
c)
bb
d)
All of the above
58.
Which of the following genotypes is homozygous recessive?
a)
RR
b)
Rr
c)
rr
d)
None of the Above
59.
The nitrogen base adenine is always paired with the nitrogen base ____________.
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
nitrogen
60.
Colorblindness is a recessive, X chromosome sex-link disorder. Cross the parents to figure out which percentage of their offspring will be colorblind.
a)
25%
b)
0%
c)
75%
d)
50%
61.
What are the possible genotypes for this cross?
a)
TT = 25% Tt= 50% tt=25%
b)
all tall
c)
TT= 75% tt = 25%
d)
Tt = 100%
62.
Cross Two Homozygous plants
(RRYY x rryy)
R = round seeds, r  = wrinkled seeds Y = yellow seeds, y = green seeds
What percent will have Round and Yellow seeds? 
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
63.
What fraction of offspring from the cross AaBB x Aabb will be heterozygous for both traits?
a)
1/16
b)
4/16
c)
8/16
d)
3/16
64.
Replicate the following strand of DNA: 
AATCATGGA
a)
AATCATGGA
b)
TTAGTACCT
c)
UUAGUACCU
d)
GGATAUCUA
65.

a 3 part structure that makes up nucleic acid molecules

a)

nucleotide

b)

base

c)

trait

d)

strand

66.

The three parts of a nucleotide are....

a)

sugar

b)

phosphate group

c)

nitrogen base

d)

RNA

67.

Nitrogen bases that bond together are called....

a)

complementary

b)

acidic

c)

basic

d)

mutated

68.

Cytosine bonds with

a)

guanine

b)

thymine

c)

uracil

d)

adenine

69.

Adenine bonds with

a)

thymine

b)

cytosine

c)

guanine

d)

All of these

70.

What carries genetic information, controls a cell's activities, and specifies an organism's traits?

a)

DNA

b)

glucose

c)

protein

d)

amino acid

71.

The structure of DNA is a....

a)

double helix

b)

single helix

c)

triple helix

d)

mono helix

72.

RNA is a .....

a)

single helix

b)

double helix

c)

triple helix

d)

quadruple helix

73.

RNA does not contain.....

a)

cytosine

b)

guanine

c)

uracil

d)

thymine

74.

formed from a sequence of 3 nucleotides

a)

codon

b)

protein

c)

sugar

d)

base

75.

Different codons specify one of twenty different.....

a)

amino acids

b)

nucleic acids

c)

sugars

d)

bases

76.

"language" of codons that is common to nearly all organisms

a)

genetic code

b)

DNA

c)

RNA

d)

translation

77.

molecule made of amino acids that performs a specific task

a)

protein

b)

carbohydrate

c)

lipid

d)

nucleic acid

78.

process that copies DNA's genetic information into messenger RNA

a)

transcription

b)

translation

c)

meiosis

d)

mitosis

79.

Where is DNA usually found?

a)

in nucleus

b)

in ribosome

c)

in cytoplasm

d)

outside the cell

80.

process by which a protein is made from mRNA

a)

translation

b)

transcription

c)

meiosis

d)

mitosis

81.

Where does translation occur?

a)

in nucleus

b)

at the ribosome

c)

in the golgi apparatus

d)

outside the cell

82.

Which type of RNA matches codons to amino acids?

a)

rRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

mRNA

d)

sRNA

83.

codon that terminates the translation process; releases amino acid

a)

stop codon

b)

initiate codon

c)

start codon

d)

release codon

84.

A change in DNA is called a....

a)

mutation

b)

trait

c)

genetic

d)

fingerprint

85.

Types of mutations include.....

a)

insertion

b)

deletion

c)

substitution

d)

variation

86.

Are all mutations harmful?

a)

yes

b)

no

87.

segment of DNA; controls specific hereditary characteristics

a)

gene

b)

trait

c)

phenotype

d)

gamete

88.

regulated process by which gene transcription and translation are controlled by various factors, such as hormones

a)

gene expression

b)

gene differentiation

c)

DNA fingerprinting

d)

Punnett square

89.

set of all genes that specify an organism's traits

a)

genome

b)

karyotype

c)

phenotype

d)

reproduction

90.

fragments of an organism's DNA are separated using electrophoresis and compared by a sample

a)

DNA fingerprinting

b)

genetic modification

c)

chromosomal analysis

d)

All of these

91.

genes are changed for specific purposes

a)

genetic modification

b)

selection

c)

DNA fingerprinting

d)

karyotype

92.

cells are examined for missing, extra, or abnormal chromosomes to identify disorders

a)

karyotype

b)

DNA fingerprinting

c)

genetic modification

d)

artificial selection

93.

organism's characteristic

a)

trait

b)

heredity

c)

chromosome

d)

allele

94.

passing traits from one generation to the next

a)

heredity

b)

phenotype

c)

genotype

d)

reproduction

95.

How many chromosomes do humans usually have?

a)

23

b)

46

c)

22

d)

48

96.

Sex chromosomes of females

a)

XX

b)

XY

97.

Sex chromosomes of males

a)

XX

b)

XY

98.

form of a gene that controls a characteristic

a)

genome

b)

codon

c)

allele

d)

genotype

99.

2 copies of the same allele

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

c)

genotype

d)

phenotype

100.

2 different alleles

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

c)

genotype

d)

phenotype

101.

represented by a capital letter

a)

dominant trait

b)

recessive trait

c)

phenotype

d)

none of these

102.

represented by a lowercase letter

a)

recessive allele

b)

dominant allele

c)

phenotype

103.

inherited combination of alleles that is represented by two letters

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

c)

dominant

d)

recessive

104.

organism's appearance based on its genotype

a)

phenotype

b)

Mendelian

c)

heredity

d)

homozygous

105.

diagram that helps predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring based on the parents' genotypes

a)

Punnett square

b)

karyotype

c)

trait chart

d)

genetic code chart

106.

Monohybrid cross = .......

a)

1 trait

b)

2 traits

c)

3 traits

d)

4 traits

107.

Dihybrid cross = .....

a)

1 trait

b)

2 traits

c)

3 traits

d)

4 traits

108.

Monohybrid cross or dihybrid cross?

a)

monohybrid

b)

dihybrid

109.

Monohybrid cross or dihybrid cross?

a)

monohybrid

b)

dihybrid

110.

Offspring's genes come from 1 parent

a)

asexual reproduction

b)

sexual reproduction

111.

Offspring's genes come from 2 parents via each parent's gamete

a)

asexual reproduction

b)

sexual reproduction

112.

Sexual reproduction results is less genetic variation compared to asexual reproduction.

a)

yes

b)

no

113.

Meiosis results in.....

a)

4 haploid daughter cells

b)

2 haploid daughter cells

c)

4 diploid daughter cells

d)

2 diploid daughter cells

114.

The daughter cells that result from meiosis are.......

a)

identical to each other.

b)

not identical to each other.

115.

W is a.....

a)

sugar

b)

phosphate group

c)

nitrogenous base

d)

hydrogen bond

116.

X is a ......

a)

sugar

b)

phosphate group

c)

nitrogenous base

d)

hydrogen bond

117.

Y is a......

a)

sugar

b)

phosphate group

c)

nitrogenous base

d)

hydrogen bond

118.

Transcription or translation?

a)

transcription

b)

translation

119.

Transcription or translation?

a)

transcription

b)

translation

120.

These are types of ......

a)

mutations

b)

chromosomes

c)

links

d)

gametes

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