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WorksheetsBiology 242 Final
Total questions: 123
Worksheet time: 1hrs 2mins
What is the outer layer of the heart called?
Epicardium
Epithelium
Endocardium
Endothelium
Which circulatory circuit is low pressure and is short?
Systemic and Pulmonary
Systemic
Pulmonary
Neither Circuit
Which circulation in the body is the shortest?
Cerebral
Coronary
Pulmonary
Fetal
The left coronary artery bifurcates into?
Posterior interventricular artery and marginal artery
Anterior interventricular artery and marginal artery
Posterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery
Anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery
Which of the following blood vessel types creates the blood brain barrier
Sinusoidal capillaries
Fenestrated capillaries
Arterioles
Continuous capillaries
Arterioles are also known as?
Muscular arteries
Resistance vessels
Conducting vessels
Capacitance vessels
Which of the following fits the description: "results from extreme vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance"
Hypovolemic Shock
Hypervolemic Shock
Vascular Shock
Cardiogenic Shock
In which of the following blood vessels is the velocity the slowest
Aorta
Arterioles
Capillaries
Inferior Vena Cava
The named function of capillaries is?
Exchange vessels
Return blood to the heart
To drain directly into veins
Capacitance vessels
Which of the following contributes most to resistance?
Blood viscosity
Length of blood vessel
Blood type
Blood vessel diameter
What is the specialized lymph capillaries in the intestinal mucosa for fatty chyle called?
Fenestrated capillaries
Lacteals
Peyer's patches
Sinusoidal capillaries
The thoracic duct drains which part(s) of the body?
Left upper extremity and the left side of the head and thorax
Bilateral lower extremities
Right upper extremity and the right side of the head and thorax
The whole body excluding the following: right upper extremity and the right side of the head and thorax
Which of the following are secondary lymphoid organs?
Red bone marrow and spleen
MALT and spleen
Red bone marrow and thymus
Lymph nodes and thymus
Which of the following is located in the distal small intestine and are also called aggregated lymphoid tissue?
Ileum
Tonsils
Peyer's patches
Appendix
The right coronary artery bifurcates into the?
Posterior interventricular artery and marginal artery
Anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery
Posterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery
Anterior interventricular artery and marginal artery
The great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein and small cardiac vein all directly empty into the?
Cardiac Sinus
Left Atrium
Right and left coronary veins
Right Ventricle
Elastic arteries are also known as?
Arterioles
Distributing arteries
Resistance arteries
Conducting Artery
Where is a continuous capillary not found?
Central nervous system
Skin
Liver
Lungs
Which of the following fits the description "results from large-scale blood loss"
Cardiogenic shock
Vascular shock
Hypovolemic shock
Hypervolemic shock
Fluid close to the blood vessel walls moves slower than in the center of the blood vessel. This is called?
Arteriosclerosis
Blood vessel occulsion
Circumferential flow
Laminar flow
Each lymph duct empties lymph into the venous circulation at the junction of?
External and internal jugular veins
Axillary and subclavian veins
Internal jugular and subclavian veins
External jugular and subclavian veins
Where are baroreceptors not located?
Aorta
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
Carotid sinus
Aortic Arch
The job of the sphincters in a vascular shunt is to?
Open and close to either let blood into the capillaries or to stop blood from entering the capillaries
Tell the brain what to do
Cause vasodilation and vasoconstriction
Stay open constantly to allow for perfusion at all times
Where are venous valves most abundant?
Capillaries
Superior and Inferior vena cava
Veins of the torso
Veins of the limbs
Where do T lymphocytes mature?
Red bone marrow
Liver
Thymus
Spleen
Which of the following are secondary lymphoid organs?
Red bone marrow and thymus
Red bone marrow and spleen
Lymph nodes and thymus
Spleen and lymph nodes
Where do mature lymphocytes first encounter their antigen and become activated?
Primary lymphoid organs
Red bone marrow
Secondary lymphoid organs
Thymus
Which is the largest lymphoid organ?
Lungs
Spleen
Liver
Large intestine
Which of the following is not considered to be mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
Appendix
Peyer's Patches
Thymus
Tonsils
The spleen histologically has two components. They are ?
Cortex and center
Red pulp and white pulp
Trabecula and red pulp
Trabecula and white pulp
Which of the following blood vessels contain substantial smooth muscle, but inactive in vasoconstriction?
Elastic arteries
Distributing arteries
Capacitance vessels
Muscular arteries
Where is a fenestrated capillary found?
Skin
Muscles
Liver
Kidney
In which blood vessel is there the steepest drop in blood pressure?
Muscular Arteries
Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
Arterioles
Capillaries
Which type of receptor in the large arteries of the neck and aortic arch would detect an increase of CO2 or a decrease in pH or O2?
Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Higher brain centers
Medulla Oblongata
Which brain center mediates redistribution of blood flow during exercise and changes in body temperature?
Corpus Callosum
Broca's area
Pre-frontal cortex
Hypothalamus
Which of the following blood vessels has the largest total area of the circulatory system?
Capillaries
Veins
Arteries
Arterioles
What structure and action causes the second heart sound?
Opening of the semilunar valves
Opening of the atrioventricular valves
Closing of the atrioventricular valves
Closing of the semilunar valves
How many pulmonary veins are there?
1
3
4
2
Which of the following trunks is not singular (not paired)?
Intestinal
Broncho-mediastinal
Jugular
Subclavian
What is the correct ascending afferent order of named structures in the lymphatic system?
Ducts/Trunks/Capillaries/ Collecting lymphatic vessels
Capillaries/Ducts/Trunks/Collecting lymphatic vessels
Capillaries/Trunks/Ducts/Collecting lymphatic vessels
Capillaries/Collecting lymphatic vessels/Trunks/Duct
Which of the following choices fits the description "The nervous system processes and interprets sensory input and decides what should be done at each moment"?
Motor Output
Sensory Output
Motor Input
Integration
Which of the following choices fits the description of "The nervous system activates effector organs - muscles and glands - to cause a response?
Motor Output
Sensory Input
Sensory Output
Integration
What is a collection of neuron cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system called?
Nucleus
Ganglia
Dendrites
Axons
What is the collection of cell bodies located in the central nervous system called?
Dendrites
Ganglia
Nucleus
Axons
The somatic nervous system is?
Voluntary
Involuntary
Both voluntary and involuntary
Neither voluntary or involuntary
Which of the following glial cells is not in the central nervous system?
Astrocytes
Microglial cells
Ependymal cells
Schwann cells
What cell in the peripheral nervous system has the same function of an oligodendrocyte?
Satellite cell
Schwann Cell
Astrocyte
Microglial cell
What is a homologous cell in the peripheral nervous system of an astrocyte in the CNS?
Neuron
Ganglia
Schwann cell
Satellite cell
Which two cells of the following belong in the peripheral nervous system?
Astrocytes, schwann cells
Schwann cells, satellite cells
Astrocytes, satellite cells
Astrocytes, ependymal cells
Which part of the neurons is the receptive or input region?
Axon
Dendrite
Axon hillock
Myelin Sheath
Approximately how many axon arborizations are possible?
10
100
1,000
10,000
Which of the following is the most common neuron?
Unipolar
Bipolar
Tripolar
Multipolar
What type of neuron transmits impulses in the skin if internal organs toward or into the central nervous system?
Efferent
Afferent
Interneuron
Efferent and afferent
Which type of neuron is most abundant of the central nervous system?
Efferent
Afferent
Interneurons
Sensory
What type of neuron carries impulses away from the central nervous system to the effector organ or muscle?
Efferent
Afferent
Interneuron
Sensory
Which of the following is also known as a ligand gated channel?
Voltage gated channel
Mechanically gated channel
Chemically gated channel
Non-gated channel
If a neuron depolarizes, which part of the cell generates the action potential?
Cell body
Dendrites
Axons
Axon hillock
Which part of the central nervous system has the main function of emotion?
Frontal cortex
Limbic
Medulla oblongata
Reticular activating system
A collection of cell bodies with a specific function in the central nervous system is called a?
Ganglia
Astrocyte
System
Nucleus
What is the name of the structure separating the frontal and parietal lobes?
Corpus callosum
Central sulcus
Parieto-occipital sulcus
Lateral sulcus
In the brain the phenomenon of division of labor to a specific hemisphere is called?
Cephalization
Decussation
Lateralization
Limbic system
Which of the following structures is the relay station for information coming into the cerebral cortex?
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Pituitary gland
Visual cortex
Which specific brain structure has the function of short-term memory?
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Reticular activating system
Anterior cingulate gyrus
Which of the following is located immediately superior to the pituitary gland and tells the pituitary gland what to do?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Superior colliculi
Inferior colliculi
What term has the definition of nerve fibers innervating the same side of the body?
Contralateral
Lateralization
Cephalization
Ipsilateral
Which structure in the brain has the function of smooth coordinated actions of skeletal muscle?
Primary motor area
Primary somatosensory area
Cerebellum
Pons
Which part of the brain is a relay station from the cerebrum to the cerebellum?
Corpus callosum
Fornix
Amygdala
Pons
If there is a lesion in which area of the brain would that person not be able to understand language?
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
Epithalamus
Primary motor cortex
If there is a lesion in which area of the brain would that person not be able to speak?
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
Primary motor cortex
Primary somatosensory area
The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to approximately what vertebral level?
T1, T2
L1, L2
L5, S1
Coccyx
Nerves exiting off of the spinal cord and projecting to lower vertebral levels known as the?
Filum terminal
Inferior nerve extensions
Cauda equina
Lumbosacral plexus
The bottom of the spinal cord terminates in a tapering cone shaped structure called?
Conus medullaris
Filum terminal
Terminal cord
Cornus medulla
The conscious interpretation of stimuli is called?
Perception
Proprioception
Sensation
Nociception
Which horn of the spinal cord is motor?
Dorsal
Ventral
Lateral
Medial
Which horn of the spinal cord is for afferent information?
Dorsal
Ventral
Lateral
Medial
Which gland is the master gland over the autonomic nervous system?
Thalamus
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
The white matter in the cerebellum is called?
Pineal gland
Fornix
Arbor Vitae
Corpus Callosum
Which part of the brain sorts, edits, and relays afferent input?
Pituitary
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Thalamus
Sequentially from superior to inferior what are the named structures of the brainstem?
Midbrain, Medulla Oblongata, Pons
Pons, Medulla Oblongata, Midbrain
Pons, Midbrain, Medulla Oblongata
Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata
Sequentially from inferior to superior what are the named structures of the brainstem?
Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata
Pons, Medulla Oblongata, Midbrain
Pons, Midbrain, Medulla Oblongata
Medulla Oblongata, Pons, Midbrain
What is the correct term for crossing over of motor tracts in the medulla oblongata?
Decussation
Cephalization
Assiociation
Lateralization
What neurotransmitter does the reward, pleasure (addictive) pathway use?
Epinephren
Serotonin
Dopamine
Oxytocin
What is the name of the fiber tract that links Limbic system regions?
Hippocampus
Anterior association fibers
Fornix
Corpus Callosum
Approximately how many languages are there on planet earth?
60
600
1000
6000
Approximately how many neurotransmitters do we know of?
10-20
50-60
100-200
Thousands
Which of the following structures connects the third and fourth ventricles?
Septum Pellucidum
Cerebral Aqueduct
Fornix
Corpus Callosum
Which of the following structures separates the lateral ventricles?
Septum Pellucidum
Cerebral aqueduct
Fornix
Corpus Callosum
Which part of the brain contains both the cardio acceleratory and cardio inhibitory centers?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Frontal Cortex
Alzheimer's disease is also known as?
Diabetes type I
Diabetes type II
Diabetes type III
Diabetes type 1.5
Which cranial nerve is both viscero-sensory and viscero-motor?
Hypoglossal
Vagus
Trigeminal
Facial
Which cranial nerve innervates the tongue?
Hypoglossal
Vagus
Trigeminal
Facial
Which cranial nerves are for eye movement?
III, IV, VI
II, III, IV
X, XI, XII
III, IV, V
Which of the following is least involved in the mechanical breakdown of food, digestion or absorption of nutrients?
The small intestines
large intestine
The oral cavity
The esophagus
Complete the following statement using the choices below. Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is______?
Greater than the pressure in the atmosphere
Greater than the intra-alveolar pressure
Equal to the pressure in the atmosphere
Less than the pressure in the atmosphere
The amount of air that always remains in the lungs is the________?
Expiratory reserve volume
Vital capacity
Residual Volume
Tidal volume
All but one of the following is a function of the low pH found in the stomach. Select the description below that does NOT reflect a role of stomach acid.
Low pH converts pepsinogen to its active from pepsin
Stomach acid denatures proteins
Many potentially harmful bacteria will be prevented entry to the small intestine by stomach acid
The stomach's acid catabolically breaks down food stuffs in preparation for absorption
The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called ______?
Serosal lining
Lamina propria
Mucosal lining
Mesenteries
Valsalva's maneuver assists in _____?
Defecation
Swallowing
Deglutition
Mastication
Teniae coli, haustra, and epiploic appendages are all unique features seen in the _______?
Liver
Large intestine
Small intestine
Stomach
Respiratory control centers are located in the ______?
Upper spinal cord and medulla
Midbrain and medulla
Medulla and pons
Pons and midbrain
Which respiratory center sets eupnea?
Pontine center
Hypothalamus
Ventral respiratory group
Dorsal respiratory group
Which of these is not a function of the respiratory system?
Speech
Olfaction
Supply oxygen for cellular respiration
Transport of gases
Which of these respiratory processes involves gas exchange across the respiratory membrane?
Transport of respiratory gases
Pulmonary ventilation
External respiration
Internal respiration
Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed?
A
B12
C
K
Which respiratory-associated muscles would contract or relax during forced expiration, for example blowing up a ballon?
Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles would contract
Diaphragm contracts, internal intercostals would relax
External intercostals would contract and diaphragm would relax
Diaphragm would contract, external intercostals would relax
The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to _______?
Collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing in the liver
Carry toxins to the kidney for disposal through the urinary tract
Distribute hormones throughout the body
Return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low
The major nonelastic source of resistance to air flow in the respiratory passageways is _______?
Surfactant
Friction
Surface tension
Air pressure
The statement, "in a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of gases in the mixture" paraphrases?
Henry's law
Boyle's law
Dalton's law
Charle's law
Peristaltic waves are ______?
Segmental regions of the gastrointestinal tract
Churning movements of the gastrointestinal tract that aid in the mechanical breakdown of chyme
Waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another
Pendular movements of the gastrointestinal tract
The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located?
In the oral cavity
In the pons and medulla
In the walls of the tract organs
In the glandular tissue that surround the organ lumen
The symptoms of hyperventilation may be averted by breathing into a paper bag because it _______?
Helps retain oxygen in the blood
Helps retain carbon dioxide in the blood
Lowers blood ph levels
Reduces brain perfusion by constricting cerebral blood vessels
The ileocecal sphincter relaxes to admit chyme into the _______?
Stomach
Anal canal
Large intestine
Small intestine
How is bulk of carbon dioxide transported in blood?
As carbonic acid in the plasma
Chemically combined with the amino acids of hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin in the red blood cells
Chemically combined with the heme portion of hemoglobin
As bicarbonate ions in plasma after first entering the red blood cells
Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ______?
Warming the air before it enters
Protecting the surface of alveoli from dehydration and other environmental variations
Reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid
humidifying the air before it enters
All of the following are true of swallowing (deglutition) except one. Select the statement that is not true of swallowing.
The epiglottis assists in propelling food into the trachea
The involuntary portion of swallowing takes place in the pharynx
The mouth, pharynx and esophagus all take part in swallowing
The voluntary phase of swallowing phase of swallowing takes place within the mouth
The serous membrane that surrounds the lung is the:
Pericardium
Peritoneum
Pleurae
Respiratory membrane
The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task?
Brunner's gland and peyer's patches
The rugae and haustra
Villi and microvilli
The vast array of digestive enzymes
Which of these is not one of the major salivary glands?
Submandibular
Parotid
Sublingual
Palatine
Pepsinogen, an inactive digestive enzyme, is secreted by the _____?
Goblet cells of the small intestine
Chief cells of the stomach
Brunner's glands
Parietal cells of the duodenum
The most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is ______?
Alkalosis
Loss of oxygen
Acidosis
Increase in carbon dioxide
Which of the following is not true of saliva?
Cleanses the mouth
Moistens food and aids in compacting of the bolus
Contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of carbohydrates
Contains acids which aid in chemical digestion
The process of gas exchange between blood and lungs is:
External respiration
Transport of gases
Pulmonary ventilation
Internal respiration
With the Bohr effect, more oxygen is released because a(n) ________?
Decrease in pH (acidosis) strengthens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond
Increase in pH (alkalosis) strengthens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond
Decrease in pH (acidosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond
Increase in pH (alkalosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond
