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EOC Review Ecology

Total questions: 57

Worksheet time: 57mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The ____________ is the portion of the Earth which contains all life.
a)
Ecosystem
b)
Population
c)
Community
d)
Biosphere
2.
Which of the following represents a POPULATION?
a)
One single alligator.
b)
A group of alligators. 
c)
Alligators, fishes, grasses, mushrooms, and bacteria.
d)
Alligators, fishes, mushrooms, bacteria, rocks, water, soil, and sunlight.
3.
True or False: A biological community consists of only the BIOTIC factors in an area.
a)
True
b)
False
4.
Which of the following make up an ECOSYSTEM?
a)
A group of snakes.
b)
Snakes, lizards, and cacti.
c)
Snakes, lizards, cacti, sand, sunlight, rocks, and temperature (heat).
d)
Sand, sunlight, rocks, and temperature (heat).
5.
What are the major categories used to classify biomes?
a)
Annual precipitation, adaptations and sunlight.
b)
Sunlight, annual precipitation, and animals.
c)
Latitude, longitude, annual temperature, and annual precipitation.
d)
Annual temperature, annual precipitation, plants and animals.
6.
True or False: A niche is a role or position of an organism has in its environment.
a)
True
b)
False
7.
What is a limiting factor?
a)
Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the size of a population.
b)
The maximum number of a population an ecosystem can hold.
c)
A geologic event which controls living space.
d)
The role an organism plays in its environment.
8.
Which of the following would be an example of a DENSITY DEPENDENT limiting factor?
a)
Disease
b)
Flood
c)
Fire
d)
Volcanic Eruption
9.
A density ____________ factor limits the size of a population, no matter the size of a population.
a)
Independent
b)
Dependent
c)
Capacity
d)
Primary
10.
What is it called when one or more organisms try to utilize the same resource? For example, trees in the rainforest all trying to use the same sunlight and water.
a)
Competition
b)
Predation
c)
Symbiosis
d)
Parasitism
11.
Define predation.
a)
A long term relationship between two species.
b)
When one organism hunts and kills another.
c)
When multiple organisms try to utilize the same resources. 
d)
A relationship in which both species benefit.
12.
Producers, also known as __________, are organisms which are capable of producing their own food through the process of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
a)
Autotrophs
b)
Heterotrophs
c)
Consumers
d)
Herbivores
13.
True or False: A heterotroph is an organism which must consume another organism in order to obtain energy.
a)
True
b)
False
14.
Herbivores consume...
a)
Plants only
b)
Animals only
c)
Both plants and animals
d)
Decomposing organisms
15.
Omnivores consume...
a)
Plants Only
b)
Animals Only
c)
Both Plants and Animals
d)
Decomposing Organisms
16.
Carnivores consume...
a)
Plants only
b)
Animals only
c)
Plants and animals
d)
Decomposing Organisms
17.
Fungi, such as mushrooms, can be classified as 
a)
Autotrophs
b)
Carnivores
c)
Producers
d)
Decomposers
18.
True or False: The arrows of food chains and food webs illustrate the flow of energy.
a)
True
b)
False
19.
Each step of a food chain, food web, or energy pyramid is known as a __________
a)
Producer level
b)
Food level
c)
Trophic level
d)
Consumption level
20.
True or False: Top carnivores are often considered the foundation of all ecosystems.
a)
True
b)
False
21.
Using the food web image, which of the following statements is correct?
a)
An increase in rabbits would lead to a decrease in mountain lions.
b)
A decrease in snakes would lead to a decrease in hawks.
c)
Rabbits are omnivores. 
d)
Snakes are primary consumers.
22.
Using the food web image, what would be the most direct result if there was a sudden increase in southern leopard frogs?
a)
A decrease in raccoons. 
b)
A decrease in alligators. 
c)
An increase in butterfly orchids.
d)
A decrease in mosquitos.
23.
True or False: There are so few top predators in an ecosystem because there is not enough remaining sunlight energy available to support them.
a)
True
b)
False
24.
What percent of energy is retained (passed on) from one trophic level to the next?
a)
50%
b)
100%
c)
10%
d)
90%
25.
In the food chain image, to what trophic level does the frog belong?
a)
Quaternary Consumer
b)
Primary Consumer
c)
Secondary Consumer
d)
Tertiary Consumer
26.
True or False: An energy pyramid demonstrates energy gained as you move from one trophic level to the next.
a)
True
b)
False
27.
Using the energy pyramid image, you would expect to see the greatest number of which organism?
a)
Plants
b)
Small mammals and insects
c)
Snakes and small birds
d)
Birds of prey
28.
What is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment?
a)
Ecology
b)
Zoology
c)
Botany
d)
Geology
29.
Use the graph - which biome has an annual precip of 25cm and an annual temp of 25C?
a)
Tropical Rainforest
b)
Tundra
c)
Desert
d)
Grassland
30.

In a food web containing fungi, how should the arrows be represented?

a)

pointing from top consumers to fungi

b)

pointing from producers only to fungi

c)

pointing from all organisms to fungi

d)

pointing from fungi to all other organisms

31.
Matter can recycle through the biosphere because
a)
matter does not change into new compounds.
b)
matter is assembled into chemical compounds.
c)
biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it.
d)
biological systems use only carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
32.
The repeated movement of water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere is called
a)
the water cycle.
b)
the condensation cycle.
c)
precipitation.
d)
evaporation.
33.
Nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily by
a)
humans.
b)
plants.
c)
bacteria.
d)
consumers.
34.
Animals get the most of the nitrogen they need
a)
by consuming plants or other animals.
b)
by breathing in atmospheric nitrogen.
c)
directly from bacteria in the soil.
d)
from the process of denitrification.
35.
Which of the following is true about phosphorus?
a)
Phosphorus is found primarily in the atmosphere.
b)
Phosphorus is an important component of RNA and DNA.
c)
Phosphorus can be “fixed” by lightning.
d)
Phosphorus is released into the air when animals exhale carbon dioxide.
36.
Which of the following best explains why nitrogen fixation must take place?
a)
Atmospheric nitrogen is unusable to plants and animals
b)
Nitrogen must be returned to the atmosphere
c)
Animals must breathe in nitrogen
d)
Nitrogen gets "stuck" in the soil and must be untrapped
37.
What process returns nitrogen back to the atmosphere?
a)
Nitrogen fixation
b)
Elimination
c)
Denitrification
d)
Digestion
38.
How have humans affected the phosphorus cycle?
a)
By burning too many fossil fuels
b)
By cutting down too many trees
c)
By using fertilizers on plants
d)
By eliminating decomposers
39.
Phosphorous is passed from plants to ____ who eat them
a)
plants
b)
animals
c)
scavengers
40.

Too much phosphorus in waterways (rivers, lakes) can lead to___________.

a)

eutrophication

b)

Nothing

c)

Death

d)

diseases

41.
Using the image, how does carbon enter the biotic environment?
a)
Cellular Respiration
b)
Photosynthesis
c)
Decomposition
d)
Combustion of fossil fuels
42.
Density, distribution, and growth rate are characteristics used to classify which one of the following?
a)
Biomes
b)
Populations
c)
Limiting Factors
d)
Age Structure
43.
Which of the following statements is correct?
a)
Population size of predators increases when their prey is scarce.
b)
Competition for resources is density-independent when food is plentiful.
c)
Disease is density-dependent because transmission occurs more easily when a population is large.
d)
A change in average temperature is a density-dependent factor because fewer organisms can acclimate to variations in temperature.
44.
How does the logistic model of population growth differ from the exponential model?
a)
The exponential model shows a restricted growth rate.
b)
The logistic model considers the environment’s carrying capacity.
c)
The graph of the exponential model is S shaped.
d)
The graph of the logistic model has a longer lag phase.
45.
A previously rapidly growing population of green tree frogs in the city park has suddenly leveled off, and is presently neither increasing or decreasing in numbers. You can probably infer that the tree frog population has reached its ____________________ _________________________.
a)
Limiting Factor
b)
Carrying Capacity
c)
Population Total
d)
Nap Time
46.
a)

primary succession

b)

secondary succession

47.

This would lead to

a)

primary succession

b)

secondary succession

48.
a)

exponential growth curve

b)

logistic growth curve

49.

When Yellowstone National Park was created in the late 1800s, wolves were on the decline. The last wolves in Yellowstone were killed in 1926, but in the 1800s, there were between 100-160 wolves in the park. In 1995, gray wolves were reintroduced to the park.


Which graph (drawn in red) below shows a prediction of how the population would change if there was less water available in the ecosystem?

a)
b)
c)
d)

There would be no change to carrying capacity.

50.

Which statement best describes the predator-prey relationship displayed on this graph?

a)

There is no relationship between the predator and prey.

b)

When the prey population increases, the predator population decreases.

c)

When the prey population increases, the predator population increases.

d)

when the predator population increases, the prey population increases.

51.

What is the carrying capacity of this graph?

a)

0.5

b)

1.0

c)

1.7

d)

2.0

52.
What is the approximate carrying capacity of Paramecium aurelia cultured alone?
a)
150
b)
400
c)
450
d)
500
53.
In the energy pyramid here, how much of the energy in each level gets lost as heat or used by the organism for survival?
a)
80%
b)
90%
c)
10%
d)
20%
54.

What is the role of decomposers within an ecosystem?

a)

Decomposers make water and sugars available to plants.

b)

Decomposers break down organic material to return nutrients back into the ecosystem.

c)

Decomposers are not needed within an ecosystems.

d)

Decomposers are important in the recycling of nutrients in the biogeochemical cycles.

55.

A lion and a cheetah attempt to occupy the same niche. The more aggressive lion survives; the cheetah does not.

a)

Density-Dependent: Competition

b)

Density-Independent: Competition

c)

Density-Dependent: Predator-Prey

d)

Density-Independent: Predator-Prey

56.

A severe frost wipes out 50% of the coffee crop in Brazil.

a)

Density-Dependent

b)

Density-Independent

57.

Since lynx prey on hares, an increase in the hare population causes an increase in the lynx population.

a)

Density-Dependent: Competition

b)

Density-Independent: Competition

c)

Density-Dependent: Predator-Prey

d)

Density-Independent: Predator-Prey

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