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Penguin Unit Review

Total questions: 53

Worksheet time: 21mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The change over time in populations of related species.
a)
biological evolution
b)
transition
c)
variation
d)
adaptation
2.
These cause variations.
a)
mutations
b)
adaptations
c)
a desire to change
d)
injuries
3.
A slight difference in an inherited trait between individual members of the same species.
a)
variations
b)
adapatations
c)
homologous structures
d)
analogous structures
4.
An inherited trait that increases an organism's chance of surviving and reproducing.
a)
variation
b)
adaptation
c)
vestigial structure
d)
mutation
5.
When an organism of a species is born with a variation in a trait that gives it an advantage in its environment, we call that trait an adaptation.
a)
true
b)
false
6.
When an organism of a species has an adaptation, it will compete for resources better, survive longer and pass that adaptation on to it's offspring. This process is called
a)
evolution by natural selection
b)
artificial selection
c)
inbreeding
d)
outbreeding
7.
What is it called when humans decide which traits of an organism are the most desirable and only allow those organisms with the specific, desired traits to breed.
a)
biological evolution
b)
evolution by natural selection
c)
artificial selection
d)
inbreeding
8.
The English naturalist that developed the theory of how evolution works.
a)
Charles Darwin
b)
Charles M. Schulz
c)
Charles Dickens
d)
Charles Norris
9.
A change in the inherited characteristics of an organism over time is ________
a)
evolution.
b)
development.
c)
growth.
d)
ancestry.
10.
Common ancestry relates to evolution because
a)
evolution only happens when there are common ancestors.
b)
Common ancestors make evolution happen more quickly.
c)
evolution can never take place with common ancestors.
d)
the more two organisms have in common, the more recent is their common ancestor during their evolution.
11.
In stage one (top row) of these embryos, most of the embryos________
a)
look very similar.
b)
have very different features.
c)
show different stages of development.
d)
have only a tail if they are non-human.
12.

What type of evidence is shown in the image above?

a)

Fossils

b)

Vestigial structures

c)

Homologous Structures

d)

DNA

13.
According to this data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to: 
a)
Species I
b)
Species II
c)
Species III
d)
Species IV
14.
The diagram shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct?
a)
Fossil A and C are the same age
b)
Fossil B is older than fossil C
c)
Fossils A is older than fossil B
d)
Fossil D is older than fossil C
15.
According to this cladogram, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism? 
a)
Amphibians
b)
Ray finned fish
c)
Crocodiles
d)
Birds
16.
Which two orgainsms have hair? 
a)
Sharks & Ray Finned Fish
b)
Primates & Rodents
c)
Birds & Crocodiles
d)
Rabbits & Birds
17.
Which of the following means sorting living things into groups based on similarities?
a)
Taxonomy
b)
Scientific Sortation
c)
Classification
d)
Taxidermy
18.
Which of the following is the least closely related animal:
Gray Wolf: Canis lupus
Aardwolf: Proteles cristatus
Coyote: Canis latrans
a)
Coyote
b)
Aardwolf
c)
Gray Wolf
d)
Need more information on body characteristics
19.
From the table, which two animals are MOST CLOSELY related
a)

House Cat and Red Fox

b)
Red Fox and Dog
c)
Dog and Wolf
d)
Wolf and Gopher
20.
Which species’ DNA is most similar to the DNA of the toothed whale? 
a)
Hippopotamus 
b)
Baleen Whale
c)
Grazing Mammals
d)
Camels
21.

Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures. These are known as

a)

vestigial structures

b)

analogous structures

c)

homologous structures

d)

embryology

22.

What is this an example of?

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Analogous structure

c)

Vestigial organs

d)

Functional adaption

23.
Which word is defined as a reduced form of a functional structure in 1 organism that shows up as fully functional in another?
a)
homologous structures
b)
vestigial structures
c)
analogous structure
d)
DNA
24.
Structures that are very different in structure or anatomy but have similar functions such as the wings of a bird and a butterfly.
a)
Vestigial Structures
b)
Homologous Structures
c)
Analogous Structures
d)
Cladogram
25.

What conclusions can be made based on this table shown?

a)

the American black bear and the giant panda are most closely related

b)

the giant panda and the red panda are most closely related

c)

the red panda and the racoon are the most closely related

d)

the giant panda and the racoon are most closely related

26.
The picture shows the members of the Camelidae family. The physical features and the geographical origin of these animals provide evidence that - 
a)
they live in the same type of environment.
b)
have slowly evolved to become herbivores.
c)
have a common ancestor.
d)
exchanged DNA in the past.
27.

Some organisms have features that have different functions, but similar structures. One example is the forelimb of humans, dogs, birds, and whales. What term best describes the relationship between these forelimbs?

a)

They are homologous.

b)

They are vestigial.

c)

They are analogous.

d)

They are embryological.

28.

How do fossils support evolution?

a)

Individual species disappear and reappear in the fossil record over time.

b)

Organisms in the fossil record are identical to living organisms.

c)

The fossil record provides evidence that all organisms developed at the same time.

d)

The fossil record provides evidence that organisms have changed over time.

29.

What best describes the hind leg bones seen in the whale?

a)

The bones are analogous structures to the fins of living fish.

b)

The bones are vestigial structures that had a function in an ancestor.

c)

The bones are homologous structures to the wings of butterflies.

d)

The bones are fossil structures from an extinct ancestor.

30.

Mutations are important because they bring about --

a)

death in the organisms in which they develop.

b)

benefits for the individual, not the population.

c)

genetic variation needed for a population to evolve.

d)

equilibrium within a population.

31.

According to the diagram, which organism is older?

a)

gastropod

b)

trilobite

c)

fern

d)

ammonite

32.

Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed down to offspring?

a)

because they come from recessive alleles.

b)

because they come from dominant alleles

c)

because they help the organism survive and reproduce.

d)

because once a trait is in the gene pool, it cannot go away.

33.

Which of the following statements gives the most likely explanation for the presence of two very similar species of squirrels living on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon?

a)

One squirrel traveled across the canyon and started a new population on the other side.

b)

Members of one single squirrel species were geographically separated by the formation of the canyon.

c)

One squirrel traveled across the canyon and interbred with a different population on the other side.

d)

Members of two different squirrel species migrated from two different places to opposite sides of the canyon.

34.

The formation of a new species is a process known as ___________________, which is typically the result of divergence.

a)

microevolution

b)

gradualism

c)

punctuated equilibrium

d)

speciation

35.

Amino acid sequences can be compared to determine relationships between species. When comparing the sequences provided, which two organisms are humans most closely related to?

a)

horses and gorillas

b)

gorillas and chimpanzees

c)

chimpanzees and zebras

d)

zebras and horses

36.

Where does most air pollution come from?

a)

Human activities

b)

Wildfires

c)

Volcanic eruptions

d)

Allergens

37.

The area where a plant or animal lives

a)

environment

b)

location

c)

habitat

d)

home

38.

What is a human activity that can cause habitat destruction?

a)

Planting trees

b)

Buying clothes

c)

Deforestation

d)

Pick up fruits and vegetables

39.
1. What makes a species invasive?
a)
Moving to a new ecosystem and taking resources from natives 
b)
Not having papers
c)
Species that can't adapt
d)
Plants that take up too much space
40.

As the human population grows, the demand for natural resources stays the same.

a)

true

b)

false

41.

_____________________ is the contamination of air, land, and water.

a)

Conservation

b)

Ecology

c)

Pollution

42.

What is one way people help the environment?

a)

building new cities

b)

tearing down a forest

c)

throwing away plastic

d)

Eat less meat

43.
Using more resources than the environment can support is known as______________________.
a)
exessive use 
b)
over consumption 
c)
wasteful 
44.

The H in HIPPO stands for?

a)

hairline fracture

b)

habitat preservation

c)

habitat destruction

d)

health and safety

45.

The I in HIPPO stands for...

a)

invasive species

b)

immigration

c)

intraspecies competition

d)

inventions

46.

One of the P's in HIPPO stands for...

a)

power plant

b)

pollution

c)

predation

d)

parasites

47.

One of the P's in HIPPO stands for...

a)

population growth (of humans)

b)

predation (of humans)

c)

poison

d)

preservation

48.

The O in HIPPO stands for...

a)

oxygen

b)

other organisms

c)

othello

d)

overconsumption of resources

49.

Which applies to this environmental problem:


The albatross are dying from eating plastic items that look like food.

a)

Habitat Loss

b)

Invasive Species

c)

Pollution

d)

Population Growth

e)

Overconsumption

50.

Which applies to this environmental problem:


The zebra mussel is outcompeting native species and causing damage in the Missouri River.

a)

Habitat Loss

b)

Invasive Species

c)

Pollution

d)

Population Growth

e)

Overconsumption

51.

Which applies to this environmental problem:


Only 10% of Madagascar's forests remain due to deforestation.

a)

Habitat Loss

b)

Invasive Species

c)

Pollution

d)

Population Growth

e)

Overconsumption

52.

Which applies to this environmental problem:


The use of Earth's natural resources has more than tripled in 40 years.

a)

Habitat Loss

b)

Invasive Species

c)

Pollution

d)

Population Growth

e)

Overconsumption

53.

Which applies to this environmental problem:


Australia's Great Barrier Reef has lost more than half of its corals since 1995 due to warmer seas driven by climate change.

a)

Habitat Loss

b)

Invasive Species

c)

Pollution

d)

Population Growth

e)

Overconsumption

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