This refers to the range of frequencies contained in a composite signal.

This refers to the maximum, over all possible input distributions, of the mutual information that the channel establishes between the input and the output.

It states that the total amount of information that can be transmitted is proportional to frequency range transmitted and the time of the transmission.

It is the average number of bit(s) of information per second

A data compression scheme that involves reduction and splitting.

 The Hartley – Shannon theorem sets a limit on the

The _________ (for noisy) and ________ (for noiseless) refers to the maximum information rate that is allowed to pass a medium.

This refers to the process accomplished in the transmission whereby code words are assigned to n-symbol groups of symbols.

It is the measure of goodness of a source code.

In this method of encoding, signal remains at the binary level assigned to it for the entire bit time.

A popular variation of the bipolar RZ format wherein during the bit interval, binary 0s are transmitted as no pulse and binary 1s are transmitted as alternating positive and negative pulses.

At the _______, digital data are encoded into a digital signal; at the _______, the digital data are recreated by decoding the digital signal.

Unipolar, bipolar and polar encoding are types of _______ encoding.

This refers to a form of pulse modulation where the position of a constant width pulse within a prescribed timeslot is varied according to the amplitude of the modulating signal.

Which of the following line encoding scheme is commonly used for long distance communication?

Which of the following is not true about bipolar encoding?

The ________ rate defines the number of data elements sent in 1s; the ______ rate is the number of signal elements sent in 1s.

In a _____ scheme, all the signal levels are on one side of the time axis, either above or below.

In Manchester and differential Manchester encoding, the transition at the middle of the bit is used for __________.

Over a digital transmission line, it is more power efficient to encode binary data with voltages that are equal in _________ but opposite in _________ and ___________ about 0 V.

The condition in NRZ encoding where a long string of either logic 1s or logic 0s produces a condition in which a receiver may lose its amplitude reference for optimum discrimination between received 1s and 0s.

What does it need to recover and maintain clock and framing bit synchronization form the received data?

The minimum theoretical bandwidth necessary to propagate a signal is called:

The baud and the ideal minimum Nyquist bandwidth have the same value for all forms of digital modulation except:

This refers to a form of constant-amplitude angle modulation similar to frequency modulation except the modulating signal is a binary signal that varies between two discrete voltage levels rather than a continuously changing analog waveform.

The constellation diagram of QPSK has ______ dots.

The QPSK output phase for the binary input of Q=1 and I=0 is

The baud for 8 PSK equals _____, the same as the minimum bandwidth.

Who is the person that developed TCM at IBM Zurich Research Laboratory?

Which circuit is used to create a dibit in a QPSK modulator?

QAM is a combination of what two types of modulation?Amplitude and Frequency

Another factor that clearly influences the spectral efficiency is a/an ________.

What circuit is used to demodulate BPSK?

It refers to the information rate before modulation process occurs

High-frequency radio-teletype systems commonly use:

Framing bits in DS-1 are used to?

Which is true about aliasing and foldover distortion?

Frequency of failure and network recovery time after a failure are measures of the _______ of a network.

Which topology requires a central controller or hub?

Which topology requires a multipoint connection?

Communication between a computer and a keyboard involves ______________ transmission.

A _______ connection provides a dedicated link between two devices.

In a _______ connection, more than two devices can share a single link.

_______ refers to the structure or format of the data, meaning the order in which they are presented.

________ defines how a particular pattern to be interpreted, and what action is to be taken based on that interpretation.

A _______ is a data communication system within a building, plant, or campus, or between nearby buildings.

A ______ is a data communication system spanning states, countries, or the whole world.

A ________ is a set of rules that governs data communication.

The Internet model consists of _______ layers.

The process-to-process delivery of the entire message is the responsibility of the _______ layer.

The _______ layer is the layer closest to the transmission medium.

Mail services are available to network users through the _______ layer.

As the data packet moves from the upper to the lower layers, headers are _______.

The _______ layer lies between the network layer and the application layer.

Layer 2 lies between the physical layer and the _______ layer.

When data are transmitted from device A to device B, the header from A's layer 4 is read by B's _______ layer.

The _______ layer changes bits into electromagnetic signals.

Which of the following is an application layer service?

Why was the OSI model developed?

The _______ model shows how the network functions of a computer ought to be organized.

The physical layer is concerned with the movement of _______ over the physical medium.

The OSI model consists of _______ layers.

In the OSI model, as a data packet moves from the lower to the upper layers, headers are _______.

In the OSI model, when data is transmitted from device A to device B, the header from A's layer 5 is read by B's _______ layer.

In the OSI model, what is the main function of the transport layer?

In the OSI model, encryption and decryption are functions of the ________ layer.

When a host on network A sends a message to a host on network B, which address does the router look at?

To deliver a message to the correct application program running on a host, the _______ address must be consulted.

IPv6 has _______ -bit addresses.

ICMPv6 includes _______.

The ______ layer is responsible for moving frames from one hop (node) to the next.

The ______ layer adds a header to the packet coming from the upper layer that includes the logical addresses of the sender and receiver.

The_________ layer is responsible for the delivery of a message from one process to another.

_______ is a process-to-process protocol that adds only port addresses, checksum error control, and length information to the data from the upper layer.

__________ provides full transport layer services to applications.

The ________ address, also known as the link address, is the address of a node as defined by its LAN or WAN.

Ethernet uses a ______ physical address that is imprinted on the network interface card (NIC).

ARQ stands for _______.

HDLC is an acronym for _______.

In a ________ protocol, the data section of a frame is a sequence of characters

In a _________ protocol, the data section of a frame is a sequence of bits.

In _________ protocols, we use ________.

Byte stuffing means adding a special byte to the data section of the frame when there is a character with the same pattern as the ______.

In ________ protocols, we use ________.

Bit stuffing means adding an extra 0 to the data section of the frame when there is a sequence of bits with the same pattern as the ________.

_______ control refers to a set of procedures used to restrict the amount of data that the sender can send before waiting for acknowledgment.

______ control refers to methods of error detection and correction.