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WorksheetsC224 Practice
Total questions: 66
Worksheet time: 33mins
A teacher has noticed that students in her math class are not performing well on her end of semester exam. She suspects that their lack of interest in math is affecting their ability to perform. She decides to integrate computerized math games into her curriculum and see if it has an impact on the end of semester exam scores.
What is the objective of this research project?
To generate knowledge
To determine the effectiveness of using gamification
To solve a local problem in her classroom
To determine if male and female students are equally impacted by gamification
What outcome of educational research is used to support a theory or concept?
Proof
Replication
Bias
Evidence
A researcher hypothesizes that kindergarten students can increase vocabulary retention by drawing pictures of new words learned.
Which research should be used to conduct this study?
Descriptive research
Basic research
Evaluation research
Orientational research
A researcher hypothesizes that master’s prepared business administration graduates who are male get hired faster and are paid a higher salary than their female counterparts.
Which research will be used to conduct this study?
Descriptive research
Basic research
Evaluation research
Orientational research
Carefully aligned strategies were developed for a reading intervention program after analyzing data from a series of surveys and experiments. At the conclusion of the program, 64% of participants were reported reading at or above grade level.
Which kind of research was implemented in this scenario?
Evaluation research
Basic research
Case study research
Correlational research
What is the purpose of evidence in research?
Determine truths
Support theories
Prove practices
Improve thinking
What is the purpose of a hypothesis in a quantitative study?
It identifies the variables studied.
It provides an educated guess about the relationship between variables studied.
It offers a summary of a review of the literature on the topic studied.
It is a description of the broad topic area studied.
Which major research approach is based on the assumption that objective truths exist in the world and can be discovered?
Quantitative
Qualitative
Mixed methods
Action
What are quantitative researchers primarily interested in examining?
Perspectives
Hypotheses
Viewpoints
Descriptions
What is one strength of quantitative research?
Quantitative research is effective for exploring complex processes.
Quantitative research can be used to test and validate existing theories.
Quantitative research is sensitive to determining how participants interpret constructs.
Quantitative research tracks how participants interpret constructs.
Researchers seeking to eliminate spider phobias among young children conducted a study in which each participant was presented with a live spider. Group A participants were asked to describe their emotional response to the spider. Group B participants were asked to describe the room they were in. All participants rated their fear of the spider on a scale from 1 to 100.
What is the dependent variable in this study?
The fear rating
The live spider
The two groups
The scale from 1–100
Researchers who were studying stress found that teenagers with high stress also had some negative physical symptoms. Symptoms included a suppressed immune system and increased blood pressure.
Which statement represents the relationship between these variables?
Stress is positively correlated with physical ailments.
Physical ailments are caused by high stress.
Immune suppression is positively correlated with blood pressure.
High blood pressure causes damage to the immune system.
As one variable is manipulated, it directly brings about change in a second variable.
What is the variable called that is being manipulated?
Dependent variable
Independent variable
Extraneous variable
Moderating variable
A researcher wanted to know if students in rural areas had different study skills than students in urban areas. She gave a chapter about “life in the city” to 50 urban and 50 rural students and asked them to study it. A week later, she gave them all a test to see how much they had learned.
What is a critical limitation of this quantitative study?
The content of the chapter would be more familiar to one group than the other.
The researcher conducted a correlational study instead of looking for causes.
The size of the sample was too small to make any generalizations.
The researcher did not randomly assign students to groups.
Which method of data collection would qualitative researchers be likely to use?
Standardized tests
Grades from a gradebook
Observations in natural environments
Structured surveys
A researcher has formulated specific research questions about one school’s high absenteeism among its freshman student population. The researcher plans to conduct in-depth analyses of this population using multiple sources of data.
Which theoretical framework is this researcher using?
Case study
Grounded theory
Phenomenology
Narrative inquiry
A qualitative researcher wants to collect data on a phenomenon and then develop a theory that describes the data.
Which research design should this researcher choose?
Narrative inquiry
Phenomenology
Grounded theory
Ethnography
What is one strength of qualitative research?
The procedures are easy to repeat.
Results can often be applied to a large population.
The research is free from subjective bias.
The research can be conducted in a natural setting.
Which assumption about the nature of knowledge characterizes qualitative research?
It is personal
It is universal
It is generally agreed-upon
It is objective
What is one limitation of qualitative research?
The knowledge produced using this approach may be too abstract.
This approach produces small-scale numerical outcomes that are difficult to generalize.
Researcher’s biases can easily influence results for this approach.
This approach is used to test causal relationships.
Which goal indicates a developmental purpose for choosing a mixed-method design?
The researcher wants to describe a phenomenon in detail, then use the descriptions to construct a survey.
The researcher wants to gain confidence in a finding by using different methods to corroborate the results.
The researcher wants to examine a phenomenon using different methods to increase the breadth of inquiry.
The researcher wants to use multiple methods to identify contradictions and discover new frameworks.
What impact does the time orientation criterion have on the design of mixed methods research?
It determines the duration of quantitative and qualitative study phases.
It involves the decision of whether to conduct the quantitative and qualitative components concurrently or sequentially.
It determines whether quantitative data are converted to qualitative data over time.
It determines whether qualitative data are converted to quantitative data over time.
What is one reason for choosing a mixed-methods design over a qualitative or quantitative design?
Mixed-methods designs can produce more integrated knowledge.
Mixed-methods designs are less expensive and time-consuming.
Mixed-methods designs do not require as much research design knowledge.
Mixed-methods designs are easier for a single researcher to conduct.
Compared to the other major research approaches, what is the main strength of mixed methods research?
It generates results that are relatively independent of the researchers.
It produces integrated knowledge that informs theory and practice.
It can be entirely conducted in a natural setting.
It empowers practitioners to contribute to a base of knowledge.
Which research method has the strength of being able to include words, pictures, and narrative to add meaning to numbers?
Quantitative
Qualitative
Mixed methods
Experimental
Which assumption characterizes action research?
Research should produce results that generalize to different contexts.
Problems should be researched on a large scale.
Hypothesis testing should be done via controlled experiments.
Theory and research can be integrated with practice.
Which research approach views research with the attitude of being both a practitioner and a researcher?
Quantitative
Qualitative
Mixed methods
Action
A community organization that offers English language classes to non-native speakers wants to employ action research to determine whether adding multimedia learning options to its offerings would be beneficial.
Which purpose of action research is served by reflecting on the students’ feedback on using multimedia learning options?
It provides the researchers evidence that their plan was successful so they can ask for a larger budget.
It enables the researchers to improve the learning experience based on the students’ first use of the multimedia options.
It enables the researchers to plan similar experiments in other classroom settings.
It represents the end of the action research cycle; the research experiment is now finished.
What is one strength of action research?
It can be conducted by local practitioners.
It provides a framework for participant observation.
It eliminates the issues of research bias.
It produces small-scale results.
Research Question: How do minority students experience the science curriculum, both in terms of achievement and perceptions of quality and enjoyment?
Which research method would be used to answer this research question?
Mixed methods
Design
Quantitative
Qualitative
A school superintendent wants to understand the popular viewpoint about recent changes in school policy. A qualitative research study is conducted using unstructured interview techniques to gather parental opinions.
What makes a qualitative approach more appropriate to use in this scenario than a quantitative approach?
A qualitative approach is sufficient to create population-level summaries.
A qualitative approach can lead to the generation of new theories from unexpected findings.
A qualitative approach can be easy to perform, leading to time-savings.
A qualitative approach categorizes responses to a set of predefined questions.
Which phase of the action research cycle determines who does what and when?
Plan
Act
Observe
Reflect
To obtain results that are defensible and trustworthy, what should action researchers do?
Informally describe any observations made during the investigation
Gather and keep track of evidence of successful and effective interventions
Verbally communicate observations to others in regular meetings
Keep repeating the action cycle until noticeable change occurs and then document it
Which research activity is occurring when a researcher assigns numerical scores to achievement tests by adding up the total number of correct answers?
Statistical analysis
Triangulation of qualitative research data
Questionnaire construction
Measurement
Which term refers to the accuracy of the inferences, interpretations, or actions that are based on test scores?
Homogeneity
Validity
Reliability
Traits
A teacher asks students to rate from 1-5 how much they like a particular playground activity. They respond from strongly dislike to strongly love. She then asks them how many days a week they do the activity, 0, 1-2, 2-3, 4-5, more than 5.
Which statement describes the scales used?
An interval scale shows the equal distance between responses and a ratio scale shows the frequency of the responses
An interval scale shows the equal distance between responses and a nominal scale shows the frequency of the responses.
A ratio scale shows the equal distance between responses and an interval scale shows the frequency of the responses
An ordinal scale shows the equal distance between responses and nominal scale shows the frequency of the responses
Which type of validity refers to the trustworthiness of the portrayal of study participants’ perspectives and meanings in qualitative research?
Interpretive validity
Theoretical validity
Internal validity
Descriptive validity
A mixed methods researcher makes data transformations, qualitative to quantitative or vice-versa.
Which type of validity is the researcher ensuring?
Conversion validity
Sample integration validity
Sociopolitical validity
Sequential validity
Which of the following is true about research validity concerns in action research?
The validity concerns of quantitative research are essential to action researchers.
Depending upon the nature of the work, different types of issues related to validity, legitimation, or trustworthiness will arise.
Action researchers typically design their studies with more stringent validity requirements in mind than other types of researchers.
Action researchers must sacrifice study validity in order to ensure local usefulness.
An action researcher conducts a study to discover students’ preference for the instructional strategies of several teachers. The researcher asks students, “How much do you like your teacher?” Some students describe how much they enjoy the teacher’s instructional methods, and others rate how much they favor the teacher as a person.
Which type of validity is threatened by this inconsistent definition of what it means to like a teacher?
Construct validity
Theoretical validity
Interpretive validity
External validity
A researcher has decided to conduct a mixed methods study.
Which of these factors would have led to this decision?
wanting to provide a complex explanation incorporating multiple perspectives
wanting to observe behaviors as they occur in natural settings
wanting to generate knowledge about a little-known phenomenon
wanting to determine the benefits of a new strategy in the researcher’s workplace
Once a mixed approach has been selected, what must researchers consider in constructing their research design?
Whether mixed research is appropriate for the research question
Whether or not data analysis will be conducted
Whether one paradigm will be given priority over the other
Whether they can introduce sufficient controls into their experiment
Which study would benefit from using an experimental research method?
A study determining the effect of adding nitrogen to soil in which pea seeds are planted
A study determining the relationship between a student’s social class and their standardized test scores
A study determining the accuracy of a focus group’s first impressions of a new product
A study determining why more people patronize one café over another similar café
What is the median for the data set 72, 47, 53, 31, 59, 60, 42?
52
53
59
60
The following graph shows the SAT scores for high school students. The scores range from 300 to 1600. Of the students who took the test, 75% received a score of 785 to 900, 21% received a score of 950 to 1200, and 4% received a perfect score of 1600.
Which scores represent the mode in this scenario?
300–785
300–1600
785–900
950–1200
What is one purpose of descriptive statistics?
To produce point estimates
To produce interval estimations
To summarize and explain a set of data
To test null hypotheses
Given the following set of test scores:
60, 83, 74, 64, 52, 83, 81, 94, 79, 90
What is the mode?
74
80
83
94
A researcher studied the effectiveness of different study techniques in preparing for a mid-term exam. The data are used to create the line graph below:
Which statement reflects what is shown in the graph?
The average score for students who did independent practice was higher than for those for Study Group B.
The average score for students who did no practice was the same as for students who did independent practice.
The average score for students in Study Group B was higher than that for Study Group A.
The average score for students who did independent practice was lower than for those students in either study group.
A researcher studied the effectiveness of different study techniques in preparing for a mid-term exam. The data are used to create the line graph below:
Which statement reflects what is shown in the graph?
Students who practiced independently for the exam did better than those students in study groups.
Independent practice led to higher average score than participating in either study group.
On average, students who participated in a study group had a better score than students who did independent or no practice.
Average scores were within 2 points of each other for all of the groups in the study.
A researcher is interested in examining the role that students’ regulation of their emotions plays in learning.
What is one reason that this researcher should conduct a literature review?
To review what is already known about the role students’ regulation of their emotions plays in learning
To make sure that no one has ever researched the role of emotion regulation in learning before
To discredit any existing theories about the role that students’ regulation of their emotions plays in learning
To describe in detail the research methods that the researcher will use in the current study
Which statement is true of literature reviews but not annotated bibliographies?
They are published in academic research journals.
They include key findings from past research.
They contain citation information for references.
They help researchers synthesize existing knowledge.
What is a common characteristic of a qualitative research question?
It is open-ended to collect as much information as possible about a phenomenon.
It is focused on driving change within the context of the study.
It identifies a relationship between two or more variables.
It tries to identify a predictive relationship between variables.
A researcher is asked to examine the effects of happiness on creative thought using an experiment. What would the hypothesis be for this study?
Happiness increases creative thinking.
Creative thinking increases happiness.
Happiness is associated with creative thinking.
Creative thinking is associated with happiness.
A research group has limited funding.
Which data collection method would serve a large population over several years that is geographically and economically stratified?
Surveys
Focus groups
Observations
Tests
What is a limitation of using questionnaires in quantitative research studies?
It leads to unlimited outcomes.
It leads to limited outcomes.
It requires a small sample size.
It requires varying opinions.
A researcher conducts a correlational study to determine where people buy homes based on their occupations.
How should this researcher gather data?
By using extrapolation to predict future buying patterns based on occupation
By using constructed information from videos of participants’ homes
By exploring past records of home buyers’ occupations in particular areas
By questioning homogenous groups of home buyers in certain occupations
What is random assignment?
Randomly pulling from a population to obtain a representative sample
Generalizing results obtained from a random sample to a population
Randomly placing participants into experimental and control conditions
Generalizing results obtained from an experimental group to a controlled group
What is a particular ethical challenge with children’s research in the school setting?
Since minors cannot give informed consent, the protocol for acquiring parental consent from a parent or legal guardian as well as agreement from the minor is an involved process.
The debate over whether children have the capacity for effectively and concisely making decisions is a long-standing issue with using minors while conducting children’s research.
Since minors can give informed consent, the protocol of acquiring parental consent from a parent or legal guardian as well as agreement from the minor is an involved process.
The concern about whether parents or guardians have the final decision-making capacity for minor consent is a long-standing issue in conducting children’s research.
A teacher has noticed that students in her math class are not performing well on her end of semester exam. She suspects that their lack of interest in math is affecting their ability to perform. She decides to integrate computerized math games into her curriculum and see if it has an impact on the end of semester exam scores.
What is the objective of this research project?
To generate knowledge
To determine the effectiveness of using gamification
To solve a local problem in her classroom
To determine if male and female students are equally impacted by gamification
What outcome of educational research is used to support a theory or concept?
Proof
Replication
Bias
Evidence
A researcher hypothesizes that kindergarten students can increase vocabulary retention by drawing pictures of new words learned.
Which research should be used to conduct this study?
Descriptive research
Basic research
Evaluation research
Orientational research
Carefully aligned strategies were developed for a reading intervention program after analyzing data from a series of surveys and experiments. At the conclusion of the program, 64% of participants were reported reading at or above grade level.
Which kind of research was implemented in this scenario?
Evaluation research
Basic research
Case study research
Correlational research
Which major research approach is based on the assumption that objective truths exist in the world and can be discovered?
Quantitative
Qualitative
Mixed methods
Action
What is one limitation of qualitative research?
The knowledge produced using this approach may be too abstract.
This approach produces small-scale numerical outcomes that are difficult to generalize.
Researcher’s biases can easily influence results for this approach.
Which goal indicates a developmental purpose for choosing a mixed-method design?
Which goal indicates a developmental purpose for choosing a mixed-method design?
The researcher wants to describe a phenomenon in detail, then use the descriptions to construct a survey.
The researcher wants to gain confidence in a finding by using different methods to corroborate the results.
The researcher wants to examine a phenomenon using different methods to increase the breadth of inquiry.
The researcher wants to use multiple methods to identify contradictions and discover new frameworks.
What impact does the time orientation criterion have on the design of mixed methods research?
It determines the duration of quantitative and qualitative study phases.
It involves the decision of whether to conduct the quantitative and qualitative components concurrently or sequentially.
It determines whether quantitative data are converted to qualitative data over time.
It determines whether qualitative data are converted to quantitative data over time.
