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WorksheetsUnit 8 and 9
Total questions: 61
Worksheet time: 31mins
A population of bacteria is treated with hand sanitizer. Because of genetic variation in the population, what is a possible outcome?
The population will grow quickly.
All of the bacteria are already resistant.
They will get better at obtaining a food source.
Some may be resistant and survive
One of the biggest ways that a species evolves is because some organisms with some traits survive and reproduce better than others. This process is known as
natural selection.
convergent evolution.
coevolution.
sexual selection.
Genes for traits that help an organism be more successful reproductively can be expected to
cause it to evolve into a new species
become more common in the future
cause the extinction of the species
eventually be eliminated by natural selection
An adaptation is
any trait an organism possesses
how an organism evolves during its own lifetime
a gene an organism has
a trait that helps an organism survive in its environment
Genetic diversity is ULTIMATELY/MAINLY the result of
meiosis
viruses
mutations
reproduction
Which of the following does NOT an example of evolution
Horses becoming taller and faster over millions of years
All species of tortoises in the Galapagos islands descending from a common ancestor.
Human brains becoming larger over time
A caterpillar going through a change into a butterfly
Which of the following does NOT increase genetic variation?
Mutations
Gene flow
Mitosis
Crossing over
Which of the following is NOT a principle of natural selection?
Most species produce more offspring than will actually reproduce
Organisms complete for limited resources
Evolution will occur as an organism gets older and learns more
In every population, adaptations allow some organisms to survive and reproduce better than others
Individuals that are well adapted to their environment will survive and produce _____________.
fewer mutations
more offspring
stronger gene
better traits
During a period of droughts in the Mojave Desert, seeds that are small and easily eaten become more and more rare, leaving mostly seeds that are large with hard-cased shells behind. The only birds that can
small birds will gain larger beaks by exercising their mouths more.
More small-beaked birds will die than larger-beaked birds. The offspring produced in the following generations will have a higher percentage of birds with larger beaks.
Smaller birds will mutate their beak genes, resulting in the following generations having a higher percentage of birds with larger beaks.
Small birds will eat more to gain weight in preparation for the drought. As a result, they will grow larger beaks from eating more.
in 1850 there was a large snowshoe rabbit population in a remote part of Montana. Over the years, the color of the rabbits' fur during winter changed. The graph shows the winter fur color of rabbits during 1850 and 2000. Based on the data, it is most likely true that
the winters become longer in length
the snowshoe rabbit has migrated to another area
there is less snow on the ground during the winter
more predators have moved into the region
Natural selection results in change over time by acting on traits that are_________.
heritable
new
mutated
better
Most robins, a type of bird, produce four to five eggs at a time. Those robins produce fewer or more than this have reduced fitness. Which of the following terms best describes this?
artificial selection
directional selection
disruptive selection
stabilizing selection
Organisms that live in similar environments, such as the ocean, often have similar adaptations. This is often due to
convergent evolution
coevolution
gradualism
sexual selection
Which pattern of evolution results in one species splitting into many over time?
Coevolution
Divergent evolution
Convergent evolution
Sexual selection
The table to the right shows the order of amino acids present in a protein from five different organisms. Based on this evidence, a researcher could conclude that the two closest relatives are
lemurs and gibbons
lemurs and pigs
cows and pigs
none of the above. Amino acids cannot be used for relatedness
Two bodily structures, found in different species, have different internal bone structures but serve a similar purpose in each organism. This is most likely describing___________.
homologous structures
vestigial structures
analogous structures
natural selection
If scientists wanted to learn more about evolution by studying biochemistry, they would study all of the following EXCEPT_________.
DNA
proteins
nucleic acids
lipids (fats)
In the table to the right, the DNA found in five primate species was compared to the DNA found in humans. The number of sequence differences was recorded. Based on the data in this table, what inference could you make about these species compared to humans?
Lemurs are most like humans
Gorillas are most like humans
None of the species are similar to humans
Only the lemur differs from humans in any way
Ostriches have wings, but do not fly. Humans have an appendix with no apparent function. Whales contain bones for rear legs. Each of these are examples of
homologous structures
vestigial structures
analogous structures
natural selection
Scientists can explore whether two different animal species have evolved from a common ancestor, using evidence from all of the sources below EXCEPT
analysis of strands of DNA
comparisons of bones and muscles
comparisons of the experiences of each organism
studies of embryos during developement
Evidence of evolution from the field of paleontology examines
sequences of DNA and protein
embryos of different species
the location of different species across the planet
fossils compared to living species
Early during development, organisms as diverse as a human, a mouse, and a bat can appear indistinguishable. All of their embryos look nearly identical, suggesting that
during development, human go through stages of being a mouse and a bat
similar structures have developed because of convergent evolution
these very different species have shared ancestry with all mammals.
this is a coincidental resemblance between them.
Fossil evidence shows that structures considered vestigial in living organisms
are not found in ancient organisms
have always been vestigial
were useful to their ancestors
do not fill gaps in the fossil record.
A group of eagles living around Lake Tahoe would be considered a(n)_____________.
abiotic factor
population
community
ecosystem
Fish, their predators, and the water, sunlight, and plants that they rely on would be considered a(n)________.
abiotic factor
population
community
ecosystem
If an organism divides and produces an exact copy of itself, the organism
has reproduced sexually
must have a virus and be infecting its own cells.
has reproduced asexually
has reproduced through the process of meiosis
Organisms, such as plants or phytoplankton that carry out photosynthesis, would cause a decrease of which gas in the atmosphere
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Ozone
Which of the following is NOT something that decomposers can break down in the carbon cycle?
Waste products like urine or feces
The bodies of dead plants and animals
Carbon dioxide found in the air
Scraps of discarded food
Humans INCREASE corbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, and contribute to the carbon cycle by
Combustion from driving cars
planting trees to improve photosynthesis
conserving energy with alternative energies
using more solar power electricity
Nitrogen in the air must be "fixed" before it can be used by plants. Atmosphere nitrogen is "fixed" by
bacteria
bacteria and lightning
bacteria and insects
bacteria and fungi
When deforestation occurs in an area, what immediate effect does this have on the WATER cycle
More water is returned to the atmosphere by transpiration
There is less runoff water, but more transpiration
More photosynthesis occurs, and CO2 begins decreasing
Less is returned to the air by transpiration
Bacteria are involved in many steps of the biochemical cycles. WHich of the following steps is bacteria NOT involved?
Decompostion
Transpiration
Nitrigication
Nitrogen fixation
Which of the following is common to the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and the water cycle?
The substances are rearranged into different types of molecules as they move through their cycles.
The substances MUST pass through organisms in order to complete their cycles
The largest reserves of these substances are always organisms
These substances are required by all living things and are involved in many processes that occur in all living things.
Water can be returned to the atmosphere through the leaves of plants by
evaporation
condensation
precipitation
transpiration
For the carbon cycle and the nitrogen cycle to function properly, which organisms must always be present
decomposers
herbivores
parasites
predators
Which of the following is true of density-dependent limiting factors
they have a larger impact on big populations
they have a larger impact on small populations
they impact big and small populations equally
they tend to be caused by abiotic factors
What is one biotic factor that affects the size of a population in an ecosystem
local geography
number of predators present
average yearly temperature
average annual precipitation
Based on the chart to the right, which of these events would have the biggest immediate on the Georgia Black Bear population
large scale forest fires
damming lakes and rivers
introduction of the bald eagle
restriction on humans hunting bears
A population of mice occupies a tree stump. For ten years, the population has been stable. Which of the following would likely cause the number of mice to begin to decrease
An increase in predators
A decrease in disease
A decrease in competition between the mice
An increase in mating season
What pattern of growth will a population with limited resources show
expotential
logistic
density dependent
density independent
Which factor is a density-dependent limiting factor on the population of a species
predation
unusual weather
natural disaters
seasonal variation
Which factor would increase the carrying capacity for white tailed deer in an eastern temperate forest ecosystem
the re-introduction of the eastern cougar into north carolina
a large migration of the closely related mule deer, into the east
the construction of new roads and increased traffic through woodland areas
the re-introduction of the american chestnut tree, which produces many seeds and leaves for food
What pattern of growth is shown by humans on earth, whose population is growing out of control
exponential
logistic
carrying capacity
population crash
The development of nuclear power has provided electricity for less money, but with a tradeoff. what may be considered a negative impact of nuclear power
large amounts of energy are produced very cheaply
it takes a lot of energy to run a nuclear power plant
nuclear power plants provide new jobs for a community
the radioactive waste is unsafe and hard to store safely
Temperatures on earth may continue to increase because
decomposers essential to recycling matter are being destroyed
increase=ing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will trap more heat
too much oxygen is now given off by plants
earth tilts toward the sun in the summer
A climax community is reached
at the beginning of succession
at the end of succession
in the middle of succession
when an ecosystem is destroyed
A volcano erupts and covers the entire island it is on with lava. Once it eventually hardens, primary succession begins to occur. Which of the following lists the correct order in which plant growth would occur.
shrubs - mosses - coconut trees - sea grass
volcanic rock- lichen - mosses -grasses - coconut trees
volcanic rock- shrubs - coconut trees - sea grass
volcanic rock - sea grass - coconut trees - shurbs
A logger clears a forest and the forest re-grows over many subsequent years. which type of succession represents the regrowth of this forest
primary succession
secondary succession
pioneer species
climax community
After a natural disaster, like a hurricane, what will happen to the damaged ecosystem
nothing
a new completely different ecosystem will evolve
an ecosystem like the previous one will be re-established
no one really knows what to expect after a natural disaster
organisms that are the first to move into an area, and begin forming soil for an ecosystem, are we known as
pioneer species
endemic species
a climax community
invasive species
which of the following statements is not true of secondary succession
moss and lichens must be present
occurs after a disturbance
begins with soil
ends in a climax communiy
Evidence shows that some grasses benefit from being grazed. Which of the following terms would best describe this plant- herbivore interaction
mutualism
commensalism
mutualism
parasitism
AN insect gathers pollen and nectar for food, but at the same time aiding in the plants reproduction by spreading pollen to other flowers it visits. What does this relationship demonstrate
predation
commensalism
mutation
parasitism
in natura; ecosystems, predators will tend to lower the pray population, meaning less _________ between members of the pray population
competition
infestation
parasitism
symbiosis
Grazing cows disturb grass and cause insects to fly around the cows as they eat. In turn, birds swoops in and eat the insects. this type of feeding relationship between the birds and the insects in an example of
commensalism
mutalism
parasitism
predation
If the niches of two organisms overlap,
the tow organisms will always form a symbiotic relationship
both organisms will disappear from the habitat
one organism usually migrates to a new habitat
all of the above
Bluebirds and cardinals, two different bird species, live in a small wooded area. The cardinals are very aggressive and eventually take over the nests of the bluebirds. This is an example of
intraspecific competition
competitive exclusion
commensalism
predation
Which of the following statements is consistent with the principle of competitive exclusion
bird species generally do not compete for nesting sites
the density of one competing species will have a positive impact on the population growth of the other competing species
two species with the same fundamental niche will have a positive share space with another competing species
even a slight reproductive advantage will eventually lead to the elimination of the less well adapted to two competing species
Which of the following communities is likely to be the most stable?
One with evenly dispersed producers
One with high species diversity
One without decomposers
One where the keystone predator species has been removed
In the graph at the right, what type of relationship is occurring between the fungus and the plant?
Commensalism
Parasitism
Mutualism
Predation
