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Astronomy - The Big Bang and the life cycle of stars

Total questions: 75

Worksheet time: 39mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe. What is the second most common element?

a)

carbon

b)

lithium

c)

uranium

d)

helium

2.

Our sun is this spectral type.

a)

A star

b)

M star

c)

F star

d)

G star

3.

The least massive stars end their life cycle as:

a)

White dwarfs

b)

Neutron stars

c)

Pulsars

d)

Dust clouds

4.

On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, most stars spend the majority of their life as

a)

F stars

b)

Main sequence stars

c)

Planetary nebula

d)

Giant stars

5.

Between now and the last stage of our sun's life as a white dwarf, it will become

a)

a red giant

b)

a supernova

c)

a magnetar

d)

an emission nebula

6.

The redshift of light from distant galaxies provides evidence that the universe is

a)

shrinking, only

b)

expanding, only

c)

shrinking and expanding in a cyclic pattern

d)

remaining the same size

7.

According to this table, the average temperature of the universe since stage 3 has

a)

decreased, only

b)

increased, only

c)

remained the same

d)

increased, then decreased

8.

According to the table, how soon did protons and neutrons form after the beginning of the universe?

a)
b)
c)
d)
9.

a)
b)
c)
d)
10.

Cosmic background radiation provides direct evidence for the origin of

a)

the universe

b)

our solar system

c)

Earth's ozone layer

d)

Earth's earliest atmosphere

11.

Which piece of evidence best supports the theory that the universe began with an explosion?

a)

measurements of rates of decay using carbon-14

b)

measurements of cosmic background radiation

c)

calculations of the distance from the sun to each asteroid in the asteroid belt

d)

calculations of the temperature and luminosity of stars

12.

Which evidence best supports the theory that the universe began with a massive explosion

a)

cosmic background radiation in space

b)

parallelism of planetary axes

c)

radioactive dating of Earth's bedrock

d)

life cycle of stars

13.

The Big Bang Theory is an explanation for...

a)

How gravity works

b)

How the universe was formed

c)

How our solar system formed

d)

How light works

14.

Scientists estimate the Big Bang happened...

a)

14 million years ago

b)

1 billion years ago

c)

14 billion years ago

d)

40 billion years ago

15.

The first elements created after the Big Bang were...

a)

Hydrogen, Helium

b)

Hydrogen, Oxygen

c)

Helium, Oxygen

d)

Oxygen, Nitrogen

16.

Compared to Earth's solar system, the whole universe is

a)

younger and larger

b)

younger and smaller

c)

older and larger

d)

older and smaller

17.

Which sequence correctly lists the relative sizes from SMALLEST to LARGEST?

a)

our solar system, universe, Milky Way Galaxy

b)

our solar system, Milky Way Galaxy, universe

c)

Milky Way Galaxy, our solar system, universe

d)

Milky Way Galaxy, universe, our solar system

18.

The _____ of a star determines its life cycle, including how it dies.

a)

absolute magnitude

b)

luminosity

c)

shape

d)

size

19.

Galaxies are

a)

converging

b)

moving away

c)

imploding on themselves

d)

stationary

20.

Earth's seasons are caused by

a)

the moon's orbit around Earth

b)

the distance between Earth and the sun

c)

the orbit of stars around the sun

d)

the tilt of the Earth's axis as it orbits the sun

21.

According to the H-R Diagram, a star with a luminosity of 103 and a temperature of approximately 4,000 K would be classified as a

a)

white dwarf

b)

main sequence

c)

giant

d)

supergiant

22.

What process powers stars, including our sun?

a)

nuclear fusion

b)

nuclear fission

c)

magnetism

d)

radioactive decay

23.

What element is the main component of most stars?

a)

iron

b)

helium

c)

carbon

d)

hydrogen

24.

The name of the theory that explains how our universe formed:

a)

Solar Nebular Theory

b)

Plate Tectonics Theory

c)

The Big Bang Theory

d)

The Accretion Theory

25.

All stars form from

a)

white dwarfs

b)

nebulae

c)

supergiants

d)

black dwarfs

26.

Stars are born inside of...

a)

Nebulas

b)

Supernovas

c)

Black Holes

d)

Singularities

27.

In Nuclear Fusion....

a)

Hydrogen is converted into Helium

b)

Protons are converted into Electrons

c)

Gas is converted into Dust

d)

White Dwarves are converted into Red Giants

28.

Stars with more mass...

a)

Are always brighter than stars with less mass

b)

Produce more energy than stars with less mass

c)

Have less luminosity than stars with less mass

d)

Have less gravity than stars with less mass

29.

The Sun is a...

a)

Main Sequence Star

b)

Protostar

c)

Red Giant

d)

White Dwarf

30.

When the core of a high mass star collapses it produces a...

a)

Black Hole

b)

Neutron Star

c)

Supernova

d)

White Dwarf

31.

A Hertzsprung- Russell (HR) Diagram measures...

a)

Luminosity & Magnitude

b)

Temperature & Gravity

c)

Luminosity & Temperature

d)

Magnitude & Brightness

32.

What happens in the core of a star?

a)

hydrogen atoms are created

b)

nuclear fusion

c)

nuclear fission

d)

a black hole forms

33.
What color of star is the hottest?
a)
Blue
b)
Red
c)
Yellow
d)

White

34.

Before stars were stars, what were they?

a)

Nebula

b)

Black Hole

c)
Supernova
d)

White Dwarfs

35.

If a star being observed from Earth has a red shift, what does it mean?

a)
Moving towards the Earth
b)
Moving away from the Earth
c)

It has planets revolving around it

d)

It is a larger and cooler star

36.

More massive stars generally have shorter life cycles than less massive stars because massive stars...

a)

are older

b)

Use fuel much faster than less massive stars

c)

have a stronger gravitational pull

d)

Use fuel much slower than less massive stars

37.

What is a characteristic of the White Dwarf?

a)

extremely hot and very bright

b)

not as hot and very bright

c)

extremely hot and not as bright

d)

not as hot and not as bright

38.

Which of these presents the celestial objects in order of smallest to largest?

a)

galaxy, universe, planet, star, solar system, moon

b)

moon, planet, star, solar system, galaxy, universe

c)

solar system, galaxy, universe, planet, moon, star

d)

star, galaxy, universe, solar system, moon, planet

e)

moon, planet, solar system, star, galaxy, universe

39.

Which of these is true?

a)

the largest stars are also the hottest stars

b)

the largest stars are also the brightest stars

c)

the smallest stars are also the dimmest stars

d)

the smallest stars are also the coolest stars

40.

Cosmic Background Radiation is made up of ___

a)

radio waves

b)

infrared radiation

c)

microwaves

d)

gamma rays

41.

The next stage in the life cycle of our Sun is ____

a)

red giant

b)

blue giant

c)

white dwarf

d)

black hole

e)

main sequence star

42.

Stars and galaxies did not form until about 4.6 billion years ago

a)

True

b)

False

43.

An enormous cloud of dust and gas occupying the space between stars and acting as a nursery for new stars.

a)

nebula

b)

main sequence star

c)

mass

d)

luminosity

44.

contracting mass of gas which represents an early stage in the formation of a star, before nucleosynthesis has begun

a)

supervona

b)

black hole

c)

protostar

d)

gravity

45.

stars that are fusing hydrogen atoms to form helium atoms in their cores.

a)

super redgiant

b)

red giant

c)

Nebula

d)

main sequence star

46.

very large star of high luminosity and low surface temperature, thought to be in a late stage of evolution when no hydrogen remains in the core to fuel nuclear fusion.

a)

nuclear fusion

b)

main sequence star

c)

core collapse

d)

red giant

47.

a small very dense star that is typically the size of a planet, formed when a low-mass star has exhausted all its central nuclear fuel and lost its outer layers as a planetary nebula.

a)

black dwarf

b)

white dwarf

c)

super redgiant

d)

mass

48.

extremely large red giant star with a minimum of 15 solar masses. The best known red supergiant is Betelgeuse, with a luminosity about 10,000 times that of the Sun.

a)

super redgiant

b)

main sequence star

c)

supernova

d)

neutron star

49.

star that suddenly increases greatly in brightness because of a catastrophic explosion that ejects most of its mass.

a)

nebula

b)

supernova

c)

luminosity

d)

red giant

50.

a celestial object of very small radius and very high density, composed predominantly of closely packed neutrons, thought to form by the gravitational collapse of the remnant of a massive star after a supernova explosion

a)

neutron star

b)

black hole

c)

gravity

d)

nuclear fusion

51.

a region of space having a gravitational field so intense that no matter or radiation can escape.

INFORMAL

a)

low mass star

b)

high mass star

c)

black hole

d)

luminosity

52.

a measure of the amount of matter in an object.

a)

luminosity

b)

mass

c)

main sequence star

d)

low mass star

53.

the intrinsic brightness of a celestial object

a)

mass

b)

gravity

c)

luminosity

d)

stars

54.

is the force by which a planet or other body draws objects toward its center

a)

nebula

b)

black hole

c)

neutron star

d)

gravity

55.

involves the combining of several small nuclei into one large nucleus with the subsequent release of huge amounts of energy.

a)

main sequence star

b)

supernova

c)

nuclear fusion

d)

mass

56.

This scientist is credited with coining the term "Big Bang".

a)

Einstein

b)

Guth

c)

Hubble

d)

Hoyle

57.

Which of the following is NOT an evidence of the Big Bang?

a)

Red Shift

b)

Steady state

c)

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

d)

Nucleosynthesis

58.

This element is the lightest,most abundant in the universe and is the key component of stars

a)

Hydrogen

b)

Helium

c)

Oxygen

d)

Carbon

59.

When did the big bang occur?

a)

5000 yrs ag0

b)

13.7 billion yrs ago

c)

2 million yrs ago

d)

Unknown

60.

The farther away galaxies are from us, the _______________ it is that they are moving away from us.

a)

more uncertain

b)

faster

c)

slower

d)

more unpredictable

61.

Most scientists believe the Big Bang explains which of the following questions?

a)

How the planets & moons formed.

b)

How our Universe began.

c)

How the sun turns hydrogen into helium.

d)

How fast light travels through space.

62.

Our theory of the universe was confirmed when the WMAP mission photographed the fossil remnant heat we now call _______

a)

Fusion

b)

Cosmic microwave background radiation

c)

Doppler Effect

d)

a Planetary Nebula

63.

Astronomers think that the solar system formed from an interstellar

a)

rocks

b)

clouds

c)

explosions

d)

debris

64.

The density of gas in a collapsing interstellar cloud is low at first, but ____________________draws matter together until it is concentrated enough to form a star and possibly planets.

a)

space

b)

mass

c)

gravity

d)

dust

65.

Where is the concentration of matter the densest as an interstellar cloud collapses?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

66.

The Sun formed when the dense concentration of gas and dust at the center of a rotating disk reached a temperature and pressure high enough to fuse hydrogen into

a)

carbon

b)

lava

c)

helium

67.

The rotating disk surrounding the young Sun became our

a)

moon

b)

planet

c)

comet

d)

solar system

68.

Space objects built of solid particles that can form planets through collisions and mergers are called

a)

comets

b)

asteroids

c)

planetesimals

69.

Theories of the origin of the solar system rely on direct ___________________ and data from probes.

a)

satellites

b)

observations

c)

stories

70.

Select all that apply

Which factors determine the force of gravitation between two bodies?

a)

distance between the objects

b)

composition of the objects

c)

volumes of the objects

d)

masses of the objects

71.
What force acted on the massive nebula to collapse it and eventually form our sun?
a)
electrostatic force
b)
strong force
c)
 weak force
d)
gravity
72.

Approximately how long ago was our sun formed?

a)
10 million years ago
b)
5 million years ago
c)
4.5 billion years ago
d)
2 billion years ago
73.

The group of inner planets are known as:

a)

The Terrestrial/Rocky Planets

b)

The Jovian/Gas Giants

c)

The Outer Planets

d)

The Hallow Planets

74.

The group of outer planets are known as:

a)

The Terrestrial/Rocky Planets

b)

The Jovian/Gas Giants

c)

The Inner Planets

d)

The Rocky Planets

75.
How do the sizes of the inner planets compare to the sizes of the outer planets?
a)
The inner planets are larger.
b)
The outer planets are smaller.
c)
There is no size difference between the inner and outer planets.
d)
The inner planets are smaller.