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WorksheetsLesson 63-74 Science Test
Total questions: 69
Worksheet time: 52mins
______ are the fundamental unit of life?
cells
DNA
ribosome
Chromosomes
What does heritable genetic information contain?
instructions for growth and development
Cells
Chromosomes
All chemical reactions of life take place within _____?
Cells
Dna
Brain
True of False
Prokaryotic Cells are bacterial cells?
True
False
True or false
Plant cells, animal cells, fungai cells, and protists are all prokaryotic cells.
True- They are indeed Prokaryotic Cells
False-They are Eukaryotic Cells
What does multicellular mean?
with many cells
Single celled organism
True or false
Multicellular clearly has advantages
true
false
Some _______ are able to form groups and some ______ specialize to perform specific tasks.
prokaryotes; cells
eukaryotes; cells
cells; eukaryotes
cells; prokaryotes
What is cyanobacteria?
photosynthetic bacteria that, forms long filaments of individual cells
I have absolutely no idea
barrier that keeps the shape of the cell
gooey stuff that holds everything in place
True or False
When food becomes scarce, the single cells group together to form a slug, which is capable of movement.
true
false
Some single celled eukaryotes spend most of their life cycle as _______ ________ cells.
single independent
multicellular dependent
multicellular independent
single dependent
What is Volvox?
simplest multicellular organisms of green alga
single celled organisms of green alga
complex multicellular organisms of green alga
simplest single celled organisms of green alga
what is one advantage of being multicellular?
having cells that are specialized for a particular task
each cell picks what ever task and does it
What can being a multicellular organisms mean?
can be very large and get more resources
doesn't mean anything
You have more problems with cells
True or false
a newborn baby has about 4 trillion cells.
false-newborns have about 2 trillion cells
true- newborns have about 4 trillion cells
how many times does a zygote divide in order for a new born baby to have 2 trillion cells?
41
41,000
200
24
True or false
Once the pathway of a cell's development is chosen, it can change into another cell type
false-once the pathway is chosen, it cannot be changed
true-the cell can change course at any given moment
What is cellular differentiation?
the Cellular differentiation is the process of transforming unspecialized cells into specialized cells.
the process of cells dividing
cellular differentiation is the process of transforming specialized cells into unspecialized cells.
What are unspecialized cells called?
stem cells
sex cells
useless cells
There are different categories of stem cells, each with different levels of potency.
What are they?
Totipotent stem cells
Pluripotent stem cells
Multipotent stem cells
What are totipotent stem cells?
stem cells can differentiate into all the cells in an organism
these stem cells can kill you, if there are to many of them
True or false
Pluripotent stem cells can give rise to any cells of the body
false- they can give rise to any cells, EXCEPT extra-embryonic cells
true- they can give rise to ANY cell
What are Multipotent stem cells?
These adult stem cells (ASC) can give rise to a limited number of cell types, related to their tissue of origin.
These stem cells can give rise to any cells of the body, except extra-embryonic cells
These stem cells can differentiate into all the cells in an organism.
What is the largest organ of the body?
skin
brain
intestines
lungs
The _______ forms a layered outer barrier
The _______ supports and feeds the ______
epidermis; dermis; epidermis
dermis; epidermis; brain
skeleton; nerves; brain
True or false
Stem cells from the skin are grown on a suitable scaffold or support material to produce a three-dimensional tissue.
true
false
A _______ is a collection of related cell types that work together to carry out a specific function.
tissue
cell
brain
nervous system
What are the different tissues to come together to form organs?
Muscle
Epithelial
Nervous
Connective
The ______ of a protein determines its role.
shape
cells
True or false
Proteins can be grouped according to their function or according to their shape
true
false
What is a plasma membrane?
surface layer surrounding cells
nothing it doesn't exist, it's a made up science term
gooey substance that holds things in place, inside the cell
Match the term to a definition
Terms
1.) Passive Transport A.)Energy is needed for transport
2.) Active Transport B.)Energy is not needed of transport
1.); B 2.);A
1.);A 2.);B
_________ is the movement of particles from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration. No diffusion requires energy.
diffusion
kinetic energy
passive transport
active transport
________ occurs directly across a membrane. Molecules move directly through the membrane without help and without any energy expenditure.
simple diffusion
diffusion
passive transport
active transport
________ involves helper proteins to move substances across membranes. Neither kind of facilitated diffusion requires energy.
facilitated diffusion
unfacilitated diffusion
glucose
passive transport
True or False
Active transport is the movement of molecules (or ions) from regions of low concentration to regions of high concentration across a plasma membrane. This is the opposite of diffusion.
true
false
what broad phases can the cell cycle be divided into?
interphase; M-phase; cell cycle
interphase; M-phase
Diffusion; Simple Diffusion; interphase; M-phase
what happens during interphase
the cell divides the replicated chromosomes equally (mitosis) and produces two new cells.
the cell increases in size, carries out its normal activities, and replicates its DNA in preparation for cell division. Cells spend most of their time in interphase.
what are built into the cell cycle; and why?
regulatory chekpoints; to ensure that the cell is ready to proceed from one phase to the next
to ensure that the cell is ready to proceed from one phase to the next; regulatory chekpoints
True or false
Mitosis is a continuous process
true
false
what happens during mitosis (step by step)
nuclear membrane breaks down; condensed chromosomes line up along center; spindle fibers contract to pull the individual chromatids of the chromosomes apart; chromatids move to opposite ends; two new nuclei form
after these you have two new identical cells
two new nuclei form; nuclear membrane breaks down; spindle fibers contract to pull the individual chromatids of the chromosomes apart; chromatids move to opposite ends; condense chromosomes line up along center
What is metabolic pathway?
series of biochemical reactions in which each subsequent step relies on the completion of the previous step.
series in which each subsequent step relies on the completion of the previous step.
What happens if a gene is not functioning?
the enzyme will not be produced and the metabolic pathway will stop
It cause a chain reaction, the gene can't be duplicated, leading to a problem during reproduction
What is the technique called that can be used to find the function of genes and associated proteins?
gene knockout
protein knockout
both gene knockout, and protein knockout
What is CF, and how is it inherited?
Cystic Fibrosis;
inherited disorder caused by a mutation of the CFTR gene
Cystic Fibrosis;
cannot be inherited, only caused by random gene malfunction with the CFTR gene
What does crossing over during meiosis result in?
linked genes
linked genes being on separate chromosomes.
being on separate chromosomes
True or False
Genes that are further away from each other on a chromosome cross over more often than genes that are close to each other
True
False
What are the way(s) to find the location of a mutation?
Crossover values
Marker probes
Before a cell can divide what must it's DNA do first
(a)
After replication, each chromosomes consist of how many chromatids
1
2
3
4
What is DNA replication considered Semi-conservative
each chromatid contains half original (parent) DNA and half new (daughter) DNA
Because of politics doesn't like to lean on either side, he's more of an inbetween person
When Paring DNA bases, what are their pairs
G-C
A-T
C-G
T-A
C-T
G-A
T-C
A-G
True or false
DNA strands can be replicated in every direction, and are antiparallel
True-They can be replicated in any direction
False- They can only be replicated in one direction
True- They are antiparallel
False- They are not antiparallel
True or false
Mitotic Cell Division produces new genetically opposite daughter cells from a parent cell
False- It produces identical daughter cells
True- it produces opposite daughter cells
Mitotic cell division has three purposes what are they
Growth
Repair
Asexual reproduction
Growth, Repair, Asexual Reproduction, Mitosis
True or False
Mitosis is not vital in the repair and replacement of damaged cells
false
true
Match each term to it's definition
1.) Negative Feedback A.)Mechanisms amplify or speed up a physiological response, usually to achieve a particular outcome
2.) Positive Feedback B.) a control system that maintains the body's internal environment at a relatively steady state
1.); B.)
2.); A.)
1.); A.)
2.); B.)
True or false
Thermoregulation is an energy-requiring process that allows humans to regulate their body temperature to maintain bodily functions
False- Thermoregulation is for animals
True- Thermoregulation is for humans
In humans, where does temperature regulation come from?
Our heart/muscular system. When those slow down, are body temperature goes back to normal
Portion of the brain called "Hypothalamus"
Ture or false
body shape doesn't have influence on how heat is retained or lost
True
False
What is a cascade?
A city in Idaho, that is a great place to go during summer
When actions affects one or more actions (domino affect)
When you body has hit such a high temperature, your body resets itself and begins to regulate body temperature
Can cascades occur in out bodies, with cells, carious organs, and parts of the body
Yes
No
what are proteins made up of
amino acids
dna strands
chromatines
T or F
Amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds. A chain of amino acids is therefore called a polypeptide
T
F
T or F
A proteins does not have to create a functional structure to carry out its role
F
T
When multiple polypeptides come together, the protein has a ________
quaternary structure
functional structure
What is gene expression
process where chromatids make proteins
process where cells make proteins
process where dna makes proteins
process where ribosomes make proteins
Where does transcriptions of the genes happen
nucleus
cytoplasm
where does translation of proteins happen
nucleus
cytoplasm
