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WorksheetsDynamic Crust
Total questions: 65
Worksheet time: 5hrs 25mins
The point of the earths surface directly above the point where an earthquake occurs is called the:
Focus
Epicenter
Fracture
Fault
Which block diagram to the right best shows a transform fault?
1
2
3
4
Which cross section shows the inferred movement of material in the asthenosphere beneath points X and Y?
1
2
3
4
When two tectonics plates collide, oceanic crust usually subducts beneath continental crust because oceanic crust is composed of igneous rocks that has
low density and is mafic
low density and is felsic
high density and is mafic
high density and is felsic
Alternating parallel bands of normal and reversed magnetic polarity are found in the basaltic bedrock on either side of the
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Yellowstone Hot Spot
San Andreas Fault
Peru-Chile Trench
In which cross section below do the arrows best show the convection occurring within the asthenosphere beneath line XY?
1
2
3
4
Samples of ocean floor bedrock were collected at points A, B, C and D. Which sequence shows the correct order of the age of the bedrock from oldest to youngest?
D>C>B>A
A>D>B>C
C>B>D>A
A>B>D>C
The boundary between which two tectonic plates is most similar geologically to the plate boundary at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?
Eurasian and Indian-Australian
Nazca and South American
Pacific and Nazca
Cocos and Caribbean
Which map to the right best indicates the probable locations of continents 100 million years from now if tectonic plate movement continues at its present rate and direction? (answer can be found in ESRT)
1
2
3
4
Which observation about the Mid-Atlantic Ridge region provides the best evidence that the seafloor has been spreading for millions of years?
the bedrock of the ridge and nearby seafloor is igneous rock
the ridge is the location of irregular volcanic eruptions
several faults cut across the ridge and nearby seafloor
seafloor bedrock is younger near the ridge and older farther away
Active volcanoes are most abundant along the
edges of tectonic plates
equatorial ocean floor
23.5oN and 23.5oS parallels of latitude
eastern coastlines of continents
The diagram represents a portion of Earth's interior. Letters A, B, and C represent interior layers. The graph shows the velocity of P-waves and S-waves at various depths in Earth's interior.
Which layers of Earth's interior are represented by letters A and B?
A is the crust and B is the rigid mantle.
A is the lithosphere and B is the asthenosphere
A is the asthenosphere and B is the crust.
A is the rigid mantle and B is the lithosphere
What is the approximate velocity in kilometers/second of the P-waves at a depth of 1000 kilometers?
6.2 km/s
7.2 km/s
11.3 km/s
13.8 km/s
The Moho is a boundary located in zone
A
B
C
D
What are the inferred pressure and temperature at the boundary of Earth's stiffer mantle and outer core?
1.5 million atmospheres pressure and an interior temperature of 4950°C
1.5 million atmospheres pressure and an interior temperature of 6200°C
3.1 million atmospheres pressure and an interior temperature of 4950°C
3.1 million atmospheres pressure and an interior temperature of 6200°C
Both P-waves and S-waves were received at seismic stations A and B, but only P-waves were received at seismic stations C and D. Which statement best explains why this occurred?
S-waves are much weaker than P-waves.
S-waves travel faster than P-waves.
The liquid outer core prevents S-waves fromtraveling to seismic stations C and D.
The solid outer core prevents S-waves fromtraveling to seismic stations C and D
If a seismic station is 3200 km from an earthquake epicenter, which is the time needed for an S-wave to travel from the epicenter to the seismic station?
4 min 40 sec
6 min 0 sec
10 min 40 sec
11 min 10 sec
The first P-wave of an earthquake travels 5600 kilometers from the epicenter and arrives at a seismic station at 10:05 a.m. At what time did this earthquake occur?
9:49 a.m.
10:02 a.m.
9:56 a.m
10:14 a.m.
The map represents the movement of tectonic plates that resulted in the collision of India and Asia. Scientists believe that 71 million years ago, India was at position A.
Which present-day geologic feature in Nepal resulted from this collision?
a rift valley
a mountain range
an oceanic ridge
an oceanic trench
The epicenter of an earthquake is located near Massena, New York. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, the greatest difference in arrival times of the P and S waves for this earthquake would be recorded in
Albany, New York
Utica, New York
Plattsburgh, New York
Binghamton, New York
Which diagram below best represents the pattern of magnetic orientation in the seafloor on the west (left) side of the ocean ridge?
Which inference can best be made from the diagram?
The orientation of the Earth's magnetic field has reversed with time.
The size of the continents has changed with time.
The elevation of sea level has changed with time.
The amount of fossil material preserved in the igneous rock has changed with time.
Why is there a "shadow zone" of seismic waves at different locations on Earth?
P waves are absorbed and S waves are refracted by the outer core
Both P and S waves are refracted by the outer core
Both P and S waves are absorbed by the outer core
P waves are refracted and S waves are absorbed by the outer core
Which statement below is true regarding P and S waves?
P waves only go through liquids
S waves only go through solids
S waves go through all solids and liquids
P waves do not travel through Earth
We do not have major earthquakes due to the fact that...
NY is in the center of a large plate
NY is at a convergent plate boundary
NY is on a hot spot
NY is at a ridge
What formed the Hawaiian Islands?
Mantle Hot Spot
Trench
Subduction
Mid-Ocean Ridge
For a mid-ocean ridge, where is the youngest bedrock found?
Middle of Africa
At a trench
At the center of the ridge
Closest to the continents
How do we know the Earth has layers?
Studying the Moon
Seismic Wave analysis
Looking at fossils
Studying plants
What two elements is the core made of?
Iron Nickel
Neon Argon
Oxygen Silicon
Hydrogen Helium
The only 100% liquid layer of Earth is...
Inner Core
Mantle
Lithosphere
Outer Core
Oceanic crust is made of what igneous rock?
Granite
Pumice
Sandstone
Basalt
As depth increases below the surface of Earth, temperature, pressure, and density all...
Increase
Decrease
Stay the same
Which part of Earth's interior has convection currents causing plates to move?
Rigid Mantle
Outer Core
Asthenosphere
Inner Core
The solid and rigid outer layer of the Earth broken into plates that move and shift.
lithosphere
continental crust
asthensophere
oceanic crust
A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions. (Slide)
Subduction
Divergent
Convergent: Continental-Continental
Transform Boundary
A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other. (Divide)
Transform Boundary
Subduction
Convergent Boundary
Divergent Boundary
The process by which oceanic crust is pushed down into the mantle below a continental plate.
trench
hot spots
convection currents
subduction
A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other. (Collide)
Convergent Boundary
Hot Spot
Divergent Boundary
Transform Boundary
The less dense, granitic and thicker of the two plate types.
continental crust
oceanic crust
The process that occurs when new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity is _________
mid-ocean ridge
seafloor spreading
subduction
plate tectonics
Between what 2 layers do you find the MOHO?
Crust and Rigid Mantle
Rigid Mantle and Plastic Mantle
Plastic Mantle and Stiffer Mantle
Stiffer Mantle and Outer Core
What are the 2 most common elements found in the Earth's crust?
Aluminum and Magnesium
Oxygen and Hydrogen
Oxygen and Silicon
Silicon and Iron
Convection occurs in the asthenosphere. What causes convections currents to occur in this layer
Density differences. Warm rises because of low density and cool sinks because of high density
Density differences. Warm sinks because of low density and cool rises because of high density
Which of the following are proofs that Pangaea existed?
Fit of the continents
Fossils, Mountains, Rocks Correlate (match up)
Paleoclimate Data
All of the Above
Most earthquakes, volcanoes and mountains are found along plate boundaries
True
False
What type of plate boundary is pictured?
Convergent
Divergent
Transform
What type of plate boundary is pictured?
Convergent
Divergent
Transform
What is happening to crust at a divergent plate boundary?
Crust is being created
Crust is being destroyed
At a convergent plate boundary, what is happening to the Earths crust?
Crust is being destroyed
Crust is being created
What type of plate boundary is a rift or a ridge?
Convergent
DIvergent
Transform
What type of crustal deformation is this?
Folding
Faulting
Tilting
What type of crustal deformation is this?
Folding
Faulting
Tilting
Trenches are defined as what?
Locations high in the mountains
Found at divergent boundaries
Found at transform boundaries
Found at convergent boundaries and are deep ocean valleys
The process of subduction is found at what type of plate boundary?
Convergent
Divergent
Transform
What is the force inside the mantle that causes the Earth's Plates to move ?
subduction
radiation
conduction
convection
What geologic feature will occur at a hot spot ?
volcano
folded mountain
deep sea trench
crevasse
A prime example of an area over a hot spot is :
Japan
the Andes Mountains
the East African Rift
the Hawaiian Islands
Which of the following will move with time ?
a hot spot
the plate the hot spot is over
neither move
both move
Earthquakes generate compressional waves [P-waves] and shear waves [S-waves]. Compared to the speed of shear waves in a given earth material, the speed of compressional waves is
always faster
always slower
always the same
sometimes faster and sometimes slower
A huge undersea earthquake off the Alaskan coastline could produce a
tsunami
cyclone
hurricane
thunderstorm
The distance between an epicenter and seismograph’s location can be calculated by using the
arrival time of the first P-wave
difference in arrival times between P- and S- waves
amplitude of the p-wave
energy released by an earthquake
