WorksheetsBIOLOGY EXAM!
Total questions: 116
Worksheet time: 1hrs 3mins
Based on the geologic time scale, put the following groups in evolutionary order: mammals, fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds
fish, reptiles, mammals, birds, amphibians
reptiles, birds, mammals, amphibians, fish
fish, amphibians, mammals, reptiles, birds
fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, birds
what are fossils?
similar anatomical structures that exist between species
preserved remains or traces of plants or animals from the past
underground rocks that have nothing to do with science
naturally formed, consolidated material composed of grains of one or more minerals.
where are fossils most commonly found?
sedimentary rock
granite
the desert
near the ocean
what is relative dating?
a type of radiometric dating used to date materials that once exchanged carbon dioxide with the atmosphere.
a graph used to compare organisms and what they have in common.
radiometric dating
a technique used to find out the age of fossils.
how is relative dating used to date fossils?
the lower the rock, the older it is, the higher the rock, the younger it is. older than ____, but younger than _____.
the organisms are put on a line in order of their characteristics.
a pedigree is used to organize the organisms.
the lower the rock, the younger it is, and the higher the rock, the older it is. older than ____, but younger than _____.
what is radioactive dating?
the technique to find an age of fossils using other fossils in the area and comparing them.
a type of radiometric dating used to date materials that once exchanged carbon dioxide with the atmosphere.
a line graph in which organisms are placed in time order to determine characteristics
similar anitoical structures that exist between common species and are used to find what organisms are most alike.
A fossil is found with 6.25% of Carbon-14 remaining. The half-life is 5,730 years. How old is the fossil?
22920
17890
11520
5730
The fossil record shows that modern organisms share common (a) with other modern organisms
what are anatomical homologies?
similar amino acid sequence structures that exist between species that can be identified as a link to a common ancestor.
similar embryonic structures that exist between species that can be identified as a link to a common ancestor.
similar chromosome structures that exist between species that can be identified as a link to a common ancestor.
similar anatomical structures that exist between species that can be identified as a link to a common ancestor.
what are developmental homologies?
similar embryonic structures that exist between species that cn be identified as a link to a common ancestor.
similar anatomical structures that exist between species that cn be identified as a link to a common ancestor.
similar chromosome structures that exist between species that cn be identified as a link to a common ancestor.
similar amino acid structures that exist between species that cn be identified as a link to a common ancestor.
what are molecular homologies?
similar anatomical structures that exist between species that cn be identified as a link to a common ancestor.
similar embryonic structures that exist between species that cn be identified as a link to a common ancestor.
similar amino acid sequence structures that exist between species that cn be identified as a link to a common ancestor.
similar chromosomal structures that exist between species that cn be identified as a link to a common ancestor.
The developmental homologies that chordates have are
notochord
dorsal hollow nerve chord
pharyngeal slits
post-anal tails
what do homologies tell us about the evolutiobary history of organisms?
all organisms are the same animal
some organisms have common ancestors
every organism comes from one animal
none of the above
which species is most closely related to the worm?
ant
dragonfly
spider
butterfly
which organisms have characteristic G?
dragonfly
worm
house fly
butterfly
which organism shares the most amino acids with the spider?
fly
butterfly
dragonfly
they all share the same amount
what is genetic variation?
each organism in the population produces more children then one to replace themselves.
there are differences in traits that are passed on and some traits are better suited for the enviroment than others.
the enviroment provides a limites dupply of food, water, shelter, and space.
how well an organism can survive in their enviroment
what is overpopulation?
some organisms are better adapted to survive than others are in that specific enviroment.
the enviroment does not provide enough space, food, shelter, etc for the organisms.
each organism in the population produces more children then one to replace themselves.
how well an organism can survive in their enviroment
what is competition?
the enviroment provides a limited supply of food, water, shelter, and space.
the enviroment can not provide for the plants only
every organism has as many kids as they possibly can to help the economy grow
monkeys vs chimpanzees. its like the superbowl of the jungle. pretty crazy for all the animals involved. scary times in the jungle. stay safe out there.
what is natural selection?
through variation, some individuals or variants have adaptions and produce more fertile offspring that survive to adulthood and reproduce more than others.
how well an organism can survive in their enviroment.
each individual within an enviroment produces as many offspring as they can.
animals compete for food, shelter, water, and other resources
what is "fitness"?
how hard it is for organisms to survive
how easy it is for organisms to survive
its when you go to cheer practice and you do "fitness"
how well an organism can survive in their enviroment
how are populations affected by natural selection?
all the organisms population will decrease no matter the trait.
depending on the trait that is "fittest", the traits that do not suite the enviroment best will die off. the ones that blend in better will survive and thrive.
depending on the trait that is "fittest", the traits that do not suite the enviroment best will thrive. the ones that blend in better will die off.
all organisms population will increase no matter the trait.
what is an adaptation?
to change a trait in an organism
a quality or characteristic that will not affect the enviroment.
an inherited characteristic that increases an organisms survival.
to change yourself to better suite the enviroment.
In eastern tennesse, some foxes have higher muscle mass than the average foxes. which of the following is true?
the higher muscle mass foxes will thrive and the others will die off.
the lower muscle mass fox will thrive and the others will die off.
all the foxes population will increase.
all the foxes population will decrease.
allele definition
present trait in phenotype.
different variations of a gene usually shown by different letters.
trait in phenotype that is present.
a segment of DNA that codes for proteins and amino acids.
dominant definition
this trait is the one that will not be shown in the phenotype.
different variations of a gene usually shown by different letters.
the alele combination an individual has for a specific gene.
this trait is the one that will be shown in the phenotype.
recessive definition
the physical expression of a trait.
the allele combination an individual has for a specififc gene and is always two letters.
this trait is the one that will be present in the phenotype.
this trait is the one that will not be present in the phenotype.
phenotype definition
a segment of DNA that codes for proteins.
the physical expression of a trait.
the allele combination of a trait.
different variations of a gene.
genotype definition
different variations of a gene that are shown by different letters.
the physical expression of different traits.
the allele combination an individual has for a specific gene.
the segment of DNA that codes for different proteins.
homozygous definition
two alleles of the genotype are the same (AA or aa) this is also called true breeding.
the organism has multiple sets of the same chromosomes .
two alleles of the genotype are different (Aa or AB) this is also called hybrid or carrier.
all of the organisms in a certain area have the same genotype.
heterozygous definition
two alleles of the genotype are the same (AA or aa) this can also be called true breeding.
two alleles of the genotype are different (Aa or AB) this can also be called hybrid or carrier.
all the chromosomes in an organism are different, none are the same.
all the organisms in a cretain are have different genotypes.
incomplete dominance definition
none of the above
one allele is dominant, one allele is present the phenotype will show one allele only
both alleles are dominant, both alleles will be present, the phenotype will show both.
neither allele is dominant, the alleles combine and the phenotype will be mixed.
codominance definition
none of the above
both alleles are dominant, both alleles will be present, the phenotype will show both.
one allele is dominant, one allele is present the phenotype will show one allele only
neither allele is dominant, the alleles combine and the phenotype will be mixed.
complete dominance
one allele is dominant, one allele is present the phenotype will show one allele only
none of the above
both alleles are dominant, both alleles will be present, the phenotype will show both.
neither allele is dominant, the alleles combine and the phenotype will be mixed.
possible genotypes for a blood
aa
ab
ao
bb
possible genotypes for b blood
bb
bo
ba
ab
possible genotypes for ab blood
ba
bb
aa
ab
possible genotypes for o blood
ob
oa
oo
bo
what would type b blood look like if antiserum a and b were added?
no wells would clump
well b would clump
both wells a and b would clump
well a would clump
symbol for male on pedigree
circle
square
heart
octogon
symbol for female on pedigree
circle
oval
pickle
lime
symbol for marriage on pedigree
horizontal line between hubby and wife
horizontal line between offspring and mom
vertical line in between the family
you don't
symbol for offspring on pedigre
vertical line connecting mom to daughter
vertical line connecting dad to son
maggie please stop asking me questions, i dont know.
horizontal line between hubby and wife and a line down that goes to a child
which is a non replicated chromosome
good
question.
which is a replicated chromosome
???
which are homologous chromosomes
????????????
are homologous chromosomes identical
yep
no silly
ofcccccccc
idk
what in the world is a homologous chromosome
idk man
chromosomes that are identical to each other
chromosomes that are similar and have the same genes but not proteins
chromosomes that make silly faces when you look at them under a microscope it is actually very interesting and cool to observe and to be able to see.
whats up with interphase? what happens in it?
there are now two cells
the chromosomes split to two sides
the chromosomes line up in middle
the growth and development stage
what happens in prophase?
duplicates genetic material and prepares to divide
chromies go to middle abt to divide
chromies are sent to opposites sides trying to split
cells split into two
what happens in metaphase
chromies ine up in middle and prepare to divide
cell deuplicates and prepares to divide
chromies go to opposite ends, trying to split
none of the above
what happens in anaphase
chromies line in the middle of cell, about to divide
chromies are sent to opposite sides, tries to split
cells split into two
genetic material duplicates and developmental stage
what happens in telophase
duplicates and prepares to divide
chromies go to opposite sides
chromies line up in middle
cell splits into two
what is the purpose of mitosis
STOP ASKING
there is not one
to produce offspring or gametes
to create and regenerate new cells
do all cells go through mitosis
yes they have to be able to replace the old cells
no not everyone has to have kids
no you dont have to replace old cells
yes everyone has kids
do all cells go through mitosis at the same rate
yep every organism is the same
nada most organisms are different
purpose of meiosis
to replace old cells
there is literally no purpose
to produce offspring/gametes
to show kindness
do all cells go through meiosis
mhm, every organism reproduces
no, only cells that reproduce go through meiosis
what does haploid mean
there are no sets of each chromosome
there are two sets of each chromosome
there is only one set of each chromosome
all the chromosomes are the same
symbol for haploid
n
2n
3n
0n
what type of cells are haploid
reproduction cells
body cells
what does diploid mean
two sets of each chromosome
one set of each chromosome
no chromosomes
idk man
the symbol of diploid is (a)
what type of cells in your body are diploid
reproductive cells
body cells
an organism has a diploid number of 38, how many different types of chromosomes will this organism have
19
38
76
none
an organism has a diploid number of 38, how many organisms would be in a gamete produced by this organism
19
76
38
none
how does meiosis result in variation
it causes organisms to adapt to their surroundings and change themselves
there is no variation
the gametes get one of each chromosome from each parent
their parents
whats a karyotype
idk dude
a chart chowing an organisms complete set of chromosomes
a chart that list organisms in time order of developing
a chart that lists the chromosomes from biggest to smallest
what is nondisjunction
chromosomes fail to separate
chromosomes separate too early
the cell does not separate causing a double cell
nondisjunction does not exist
three types of nondisjunction
trisomy
disomy
polyploidy
monosomy
what is a trisomy
three chromosomes per organism
no separation of homologous chromosomes causing diploid gametes to be produced
a gamete missing a chromosome is fertilized by a normal gamete
a gamete with an extra chromosome is fertilized by a normal gamete
what is a monosomy
????
a gamete with an extra chromosome is fertilized by a normal gamete
no separation of homologous chromosomes causing diploid gametes to be produced
a gamete missing a chromosome is fertilized by a normal gamete
what is a polyploidy
a gamete missing a chromosome is fertilized by a normal gamete
no separation of homologous chromosomes causing diploid gametes to be produced
a gamete with an extra chromosome is fertilized by a normal gamete
idk dude
DNA (a) >RNA
RNA (a) >Protein
Protein __controls__> _______
(a)
whats a trait
specific quality or characteristic belonging to one person
segment of DNA that codes for proteins
what contains instructions for translation
what gives the instructions for translation
what is a gene
a specific quality or characteristic belonging to an organism.
different variations of an allele
a segment of DNA that codes for proteins
multiple alleles together
whats the purpose of DNA
it contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop and reproduce
it coverts instructions into proteins
it converts messages to produce proteins
none of the above
purpose of RNA
contains instructions needed for an organism to reproduce
converts the DNA into messages that can be used to produce proteins
to carry out the bodies functions
to control traits
what are the subunits that make up nucleic acids
mini nucleic acids
nucleotides
traits
nitrogen bases
what are the roles of proteins
whats a protein?!
they convert DNA to messages that can be and are used to produce proteins.
they have the instructions for an organism to develop, survive, and reproduce.
they carry out most of the body's functions and make up the bulk of its structure from hair and fingernails to bone and muscle.
what subunit makes up proteins
nucleotides
nitrogen bases
amino acids
hearts
what makes up a nucleotide
strand of dna
phosphate group
sugar
nitrogen base
base pairing rules DNA
a-t g-c
a-c g-t
a-g c-t
none of the above
base pairing rules RNA
a-g u-c
a-u g-c
a-c g-u
none of the above
what type of bond holds two nitrogen bases together
covalent bonds
nitrogen bonds
hydrogen bonds
oxygen bonds
if a molecule has 12% adenine, how much thymine does it have
12
38
88
62
if a molecule has 12% adenine, how much guanine and cytosine does it have
12
88
62
38
structure of DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid, c+g and a+t, double helix, in the nucleus
ribonucleic acid, c+g and a+u, piece of ribbon, in ribosome
structure of RNA
ribonucleic acid, c+g and a+u, piece of ribbon, in ribosome
deoxyribonucleic acid, c+g and a+t, double helix, in nucleus
which is transcription
process of making protein from mRNA, mRNA is read in sets of three nucleotides, each codes for one amino acid, it's taken to the ribosome, ribosome attaches at front of the start codon, tRNA bring amino acids to ribosome with peptide bonds, repeats and tRNA is removed. in the ribosome.
process of making mRNA from DNA. unzips DNA, RNA reads DNA and attaches, comes off, and rejoins. in the nucleus.
which is translation
process of making mRNA from DNA. unzips DNA, RNA reads DNA and attaches, comes off, and rejoins. in the nucleus.
process of making protein from mRNA, mRNA is read in sets of three nucleotides, each codes for one amino acid, it's taken to the ribosome, ribosome attaches at front of the start codon, tRNA bring amino acids to ribosome with peptide bonds, repeats and tRNA is removed. in the ribosome.
whats a codon
a set of three mRNA nucleotides
three nucleotides at the bottom of tRNA
a segment of DNA that codes for genes
none of the above
whats an anti-codon
a segment of DNA that codes for proteins
three nucleotides at the bottom of tRNA.
a set of three mRNA nucleotides
none of the above
definition of mutation
a change of genetic material
something bad that is in every organism
a set of DNA that codes for proteins
idk dude
frameshift mutations
deletion
point
insertion
substitution
substitution definition
one allele changes, only affecting the one allele
a base is removed
an extra base is added in
one base replaces another
insertion defiition
one base replaces another
an extra base is added in
a base is removed
one allele changes, only affecting that one allele
deletion definition
a base is replaced
a base is added in
a base is removed
one allele changes
point mutation definition
one allele changes, only affecting that one allele
a base is added
a base is removed
a base is replaced
what is a restriction enzyme
idk man
enzymes that find the mutation and cut DNA molecules at specific sequences
enzymes that find the mutation and cut RNA molecules at specific sequences
enzymes that are mutated and the DNA is cut at that specific enzyme.
how are DNA samples seperated in gel electrophoresis
????
the smaller peices stay towards the top and the bigger peices go to the bottom and they are compared to others.
the bigger peices stay towards the top and the smaller peices go to the bottom and they are compared to others.
none of the above
what is a control
variable you keep the same
standard of comparison
what you measure
what the scientist
constant definition
what the scientist changes
what you measure
standard of comparison
variable you keep the same
dependent variable defintion
what the scientist changes
what you measure
standard of comparison
variable you keep the same
independent variable definition
what you measure
variable you keep the same
standard of comparison
what the scientist changes
where does the dependent variable go on a graph
x-axis
y-axis
where does the independent variable go on a graph
y-axis
x-axis
how do you know if you do a line graph
if the time in incontinuous
if the time is continuous
formula for average
sum
------------------
# of values
part
100x -------------
whole
final-initial
----------------
time
what?
whats the formula for percentage
final-intital
------------------
time
part
100x -------------
whole
sum
------------
# of values
what?
what is the formula for rate
sum
---------
# of values
part
100x -------------
whole
final-intial
--------------
time
what?
claim definition
hm?
an explination using science ideas and terms that explain why this happened
data and`observations that support the claim
statement that answers the guiding question
evidence definition
data and observations that support the claim
an explanation using science ideas and terms that explain why this happened
statement that answers the guiding question
idk
justification definition
an explination using science ideas and terms that explain why this happened
statement that answers the guiding question
data and observations that support the claim
idk
