Which of the following adaptation is most likely to be found on a plant in a tropical rainforest?

Which of the following is the worst thermal conductor?

Which of the following lists the chemical formula of an acid with its correct name?

Many cities are implementing or expanding pre-existing recycling programs to include a wider variety of plastics. Companies are researching ways to reduce the amount of plastic used in packaging and make it easier to recycle. Which of the following societal issues is most directly addressed by the new developments and research in these fields?

Solid carbon reacts with hydrogen gas to form methane gas. If more carbon is added to the equilibrium mixture in a sealed container, which of the following will occur?

C_(s) + 2H_2(g) ⇌ CH_4(g)

_{Hint: write equilibrium constant} Kc = [CH4]/[H2]2

An earthquake takes place on a peninsula and splits up a population of non-swimming armadillo. Half of the population is now isolated on an island and the other half are living on the tip of the remaining peninsula.

Which form of speciation is most likely to occur to the armadillo population?

Which of the following processes is primarily responsible for the faults and folds seen in the Earth's crust?

Which of the following statements best describes Beta Arae, a class K supergiant in the Ara Constellation?

A graduated cylinder is best used for which of the following experiments?

The planets in our solar system may have formed by accretion. Which of the following best describes the process of accretion for planetary body formation?

A physicist sitting on a fishing dock notices that 8 wave crests pass by a post in the water every 10 seconds. She determines that the wave travels about 4.0 m in 2.0 s. What is the approximate wavelength?

Hint: you can determine frequency and period, now find wavelength

If the enthalpy change associated with melting solid water, H₂O_(s), is 6.10 kJ/mol, the process must be:

Which is the correct method for preparing a 10.00 mL of a 0.50 M HCl solution from a 2.00 M stock solution?

To which era in the geologic rock record does the Devonian period belong?

Which of the following age pyramids would most likely match a population of mice?

Which statement below regarding water tables would be considered false?

Despite being at similar latitudes, winter is much harsher in Moscow than it is in London. What factor contributes to this difference the least?

Which of the following would best indicate that a cell is a euglena and not a cyanobacteria?

A pair of students are performing an experiment that requires weighing three different compounds and placing them into separate 250-mL beakers. Which of the following is the best method for measuring the mass of each compound?

Which of the following describes why plants require water?

Select all answers that apply.

When light passes from air into glass, which of the following statements is true?

A mammalian cell is placed in freshwater and bursts from osmotic pressure. Which of the following explains this process?

Which of the following elements is most weakly attracted to a magnet?

A teacher is considering several ways to teach the interdependence of organisms within an ecosystem. Which of the following choices is the best option for this course of study to maximize building critical thinking and inquiry skills?

At room temperature, a metal ball is barely able to pass through the opening of a ring made of the same metal. Which action would ensure the metal ball passes easily through the opening of the ring?

A man and a woman have no symptoms of cystic fibrosis. Their first child is diagnosed with the disease. The child's cystic fibrosis most likely results from which of the following?

Hyperventilation decreases blood CO₂ levels. Hyperventilation could lead to:

Which characteristics allow gymnosperms to survive in colder and drier climates than angiosperms?

The amount of light given off by a star corrected for distance from the observer is known as:

For which of the following forms of radiation does the photon have lower energy than visible light?

Of the following, which would be equal at each point designated along the circuit shown below?

A conducting sphere of diameter D is initially charged to a potential V₀. It is then connected by a conducting wire to a conducting sphere of diameter D/2 which is also initially charged to a potential V₀. Which of the following correctly describes the flow of charge through the wire?

Of the following, which is a stable isotope?

The cardiovascular system helps regulate the growth and development of a mammal in what way?

Based on the image, which of the following transitions will result in the highest frequency laser?

Photovoltaic cells are used in solar lighting, often used to light up a sidewalk or garden. The lights gather energy from the sun during daylight hours in order to shine at night. Which of the following is the main element used to produce electricity in a photovoltaic cell?

Which of the following is not considered to be a renewable resource?

Which of the following types of stars is a large, relatively cool star with a small core that fuses helium into carbon?

Which of the following is the balanced half reaction representing the reduction of Pb²⁺?

Henri Becquerel is credited with the discovery of spontaneous radioactivity. While studying the properties of x-rays, he exposed certain materials to the sun and then placed them on photographic plates in the dark. He then developed the plates to examine the x-ray pictures they produced. One day, he found that materials which had accidentally not yet been exposed to the sun produced the same pictures. This scenario illustrates which statement regarding the nature of science?

Organisms from two species that are closely related through a common ancestor would have which of the following?

The hypothalamus produces antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH is stored and released from the pituitary gland. The hormone travels through the bloodstream to the kidneys where it slows the rate of water removal. This feedback process began because of a decrease in the level of:

During a laboratory experiment, students are asked to keep a lab journal. Student journals will be evaluated based on their understanding of inquiry-based scientific investigation. A student journal exhibiting strong understanding should include which of the following?

Select all answers that apply.

Green and brown grasshoppers in a grassland ecosystem have a fluctuating population, seen below. Which statement best expresses the most likely reason for the shifts in the grasshopper populations?

Snapdragon flower color is an example of incomplete dominance. A red homozygous snapdragon is crossbred with a white homozygous snapdragon. The result is:

Very young prairie dogs in a nature conservancy are frightened of any large animal that comes near them, so they hide in their burrows. However, humans frequently visit the burrows to take photographs of the prairie dogs, and large herbivores like bison graze near the burrows. Eventually, the prairie dogs ignore these large animals and only hide when wolves, coyotes, and foxes come near their burrows. Which of the following is most likely represented by this change in behavior?

Which of the following, when dissolved in water, is a weak electrolyte?

The phenetic approach to classification of organisms emphasizes similarities in appearance and anatomy of organisms. The cladistic approach groups organisms based on which have a more recent common ancestor. Although these two approaches may result in different phylogenetic trees, they are both met with the challenge of accounting for:

What will be seen at point X on Earth when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are aligned as shown?

What does the map indicate about the plate tectonics of the region?

Which of the following is the missing reactant X in the equation below?

²³⁸U + X ⟶  ²³⁹U

Many hardwood trees are large in size and can live upwards of 300 years. Oak trees can sometimes take up to 20 years to produce their first seeds. The reproductive strategy of the oak tree is best described as which of the following?

In order to teach students about the relationships between predation and the inherited characteristics that facilitate predator-prey relationships, an instructor could develop a matching game in which various habitats can be associated with which of the following?

Plant leaves are composed of many smaller components. Xylem carries water, phloem carries food, and the leaf is covered in a waxy, protective epidermis. What is the structural level of organization of a plant leaf?

Which of the following describes a process that takes place when a person's body temperature falls below its normal range?

A common problem with the eye is incorrect curvature of the cornea, causing light rays to come to a focus someplace other than on the retina. In a person who is nearsighted, the focal point of light rays from a distant object is in front of the retina. What type of corrective lens would allow objects to properly focus onto the retina?

Which type of body of water has a salinity level that fluctuates between 1.5 and 2.5 percent?

A rock of mass M_E and weight W_E is transported from Earth to Mars. Which of the following is true about the mass M_M and weight W_M of the rock on Mars?

What wave property is being demonstrated if you shine a laser light from the air into a tank of water at an angle of 30° as measured from the water's surface?

Which of the following statements is true about the position of the Sun relative to Earth?

Max Planck's investigations into the solar spectrum led to a discrepancy between theory and observation. Planck stated that the energy carried by the ultraviolet light from the sun should be very, very high, yet observations showed that the ultraviolet light energy was actually lower than visible energy from the sun. Albert Einstein was able to explain this puzzling phenomenon: he proposed that light energy is delivered in quanta with discrete values. Which of the following characteristics of light is explained by Einstein's theory?

An ideal transformer consists of two completely separate windings of wire wrapped around a laminated iron core. One winding has 500 loops of wire and connects to a 120-V power supply. The other winding has 125 loops and connects to an electronic device. Which of the following correctly describes what the transformer delivers to the electronic device, compared with what is delivered by the 120-V power supply?

Ticks are mites that attach themselves to animals, such as dogs, and suck blood. In doing so, ticks transmit diseases, such as Lyme disease, to the animals. Which type of interaction does this describe?

Which of the following is a nonpolar molecule?

Which of the following best describes the acceleration of the roller coaster as it goes downhill?

Which of the following isotopes of chlorine has 16 neutrons in its nucleus?

Which cellular process occurs in all cells?

As reproductive technology has advanced, many ethical dilemmas have arisen. Which of the following presents the fewest ethical challenges?

undergoing assisted reproductive technology in order to choose:

Which statement regarding weathering processes would be considered false?

A toy rocket is launched straight up into the air. During the time the rocket engines are active, the rocket accelerates from 8 m/s to 124 m/s in 1.5 s. How far does the rocket travel during this time?

Which of the following are made of fatty acids?

In which of the following is negative work performed by an individual?

A star with a specific mass and radius is rotating. After the star collapses it has the same mass, but a much smaller radius. Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?

A teacher asked students to construct three different bridge models and test the load that each design would hold. Some students plotted their results with a line plot and others used a bar graph. Which of the following is the best feedback the teacher can give to those that used line plots as to why they should have used a bar graph instead?

Muscles of the ear, the palmaris longus tendon in human wrists, coccyx, and wisdom teeth are all considered examples of human:

Silicon carbide is an abrasive material formed from the reaction of silicon dioxide and graphite. How much graphite will remain if 75.0 g of each reactant are reacted to completion in the given chemical equation?

SiO₂X + 3 C -> SiC + 2 CO

Sand at the bottom of a ship channel is dredged and removed to a nearby island's beach. Without this removal process, which of the following would happen?

Bacteria are most important in which two geological cycles?

In an aqueous solution at 298K, if [H⁺] is 1.0 x 10^-6 M, what is the concentration of OH^- ?

A chemist is working with a radioactive isotope of lawrencium, Lr-262, whose half-life is 4 hours. If the chemist begins working with 20.0 g sample of Lr-262, how long will it take for the sample to contain 2.50 g of Lr-262?

In which outcome does meiosis play a more consequential role than mitosis?

Which of the following generally decreases from left to right across the second row of the elements in the periodic table?

A schematic diagram of a circuit consisting of two resistors is shown below. What is the total resistance of the circuit?

During an experiment, students must use an ice bath to bring a solution down to the freezing point of water, 0°C. A thermometer is placed in the ice bath and checked every five minutes to be sure the temperature remains steady. Which of the following sets of data provides the most accurate mean?

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system?

Which of the following compounds is least soluble in water at 25 °C?

Students do an experiment in biology class on tomato plants. They choose two tomato plants of the same variety and size, which are planted in identical pots using the same soil and placed next to each other near a window. Plant A is fertilized twice throughout the experiment while Plant B is not fertilized. Students measure the amount of fruit produced and the height of the plants. Which of the following is the independent variable?

A stunt performer drives a motorcycle inside a circular cage at a constant speed of 38 m/s. Which of the following statements is true?

Compared to the poles of a bar magnet, what is the magnetic designation of Earth's geographic North Pole?

Which of the following parts of a coal-fired power plant converts kinetic energy into electrical energy?

As the cell grows larger in size, which of the following does not happen?

Which type of bonding would likely occur in flourine gas, F₂?

Where could you find extensive safety information about a hazardous chemical?

Students working in groups are told to use any available materials to prove or disprove Ohm's law. After their investigation, students report their procedures, results, and conclusions. Which of the following describes the biggest benefit of this type of activity?

The velocity vs. time graph represents the linear velocity of an object. During which of the following intervals is the object's speed decreasing?

Which statement is true about the phase diagram shown?

A remote-controlled toy boat vibrates on the surface of a ripple tank and is the source of waves. The waves have a frequency of 30 Hz and a speed of 60 cm/s. If the toy boat, marked S in the diagram, is moving 20 cm/s east, at which marked point on the diagram would an observer measure the greatest frequency?

Small groups of students measured the temperature versus time as they melted ice in a beaker over a hot plate. They observed that once the ice started to melt, the temperature stayed constant until all of the ice had turned to liquid water. Their teacher asked each group to come up with possible explanations for their observations. Each of the four students in one group had a different explanation.

Which of the following is the best scientific explanation for why the temperature remained constant until all of the ice had melted, even though heat was continually added to the system?

Which of the following characteristics is shared by an ash tree, a cat, yeast, and an amoeba?

Which of the following has the highest net primary productivity?

Which of the following dating techniques could a scientist use to determine the age of a fossil that is more than 300 million years old?

Which of the following causes the base plate of an electric iron to heat up when plugged into a socket and turned on?

Which of the following mutations would potentially have the least effect on a gene?

Which of the following describes how an extrusive igneous rock is likely to form?

A mass attached to a fixed spring is horizontal on a level table. The mass is pulled, stretching out the spring, and then released. Over the span of about 6 seconds, the distance displaced on the spring decreases until finally the spring and the mass come to a complete stop without any displacement on the spring. Which force is responsible for bringing the mass to a permanent stop?

Which of the following bodies in our solar system is considered the most volcanically active?

A stretched string of length 6 m vibrates at a frequency of 75 Hz producing a standing wave pattern with 3 loops. What is the speed of wave?

Which of the following explains why the inner planets are different than the outer planets?

There are two small populations of finches on one of the Galapagos Islands, each feeding on a different size seed. A long drought takes place that results in only the larger of the two seed types available. For the next few years, researchers observe natural selection towards birds with larger beaks and bodies. However, once the rains returned on a regular basis and the production of smaller seeds became more prolific, there was selection towards birds with smaller beaks and bodies. What would be the best interpretation of this observed scenario?

Which of the following properties of light indicate that it is a wave?

Mice thrive on acorns in New England forests. Deer tick larvae thrive on mice. Every 3-4 years, oak trees in the New England forests product a bumper crop, or overabundance, of acorns. Mice are the primary vector for the bacteria which produces Lyme disease.

Which of the following statements could be true?

The compound GaF₃ forms when gallium reacts with fluorine. Which of the following correctly identifies the formula of the compound that forms when gallium reacts with sulfur?

Which statement regarding cellular differentiation during human embryonic development is true?

A patient was prescribed a drug known to block synthesis of cell wall chitin. The patient was likely to be suffering from which of the following types of infection?

The valence electrons for an element have the following electron configuration:

4s²3d⁷

In which of the following groups and periods of the periodic table would this element most likely be found?

What is the oxidation number of sulfur in Na₂SO₄?

A marine volcanic mountain forms within 100 miles of a coastline. Which of the following descriptions best explains how this volcano formed and erupted?

Which of the following activities would most increase students' active learning and engagement during a class lecture?

In pea plants, the allele for green seeds is dominant over the allele for yellow seeds. The allele for tall height is dominant over short height. Two pea plants, heterozygous for both traits, are cross pollinated. What would be the frequency of yellow seeds with tall height?

When plant cells carry out photosynthesis, they produce oxygen gas. Disks can be cut from a plant leaf and placed in a syringe with a solution of water and sodium bicarbonate. The syringe can then be engaged to remove the air from the spaces in the leaf disks. This increases the leaf density and causes them to sink. The disks begin to float as photosynthesis adds oxygen back to the spaces in the leaves.

A student uses the above experiment to study the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. He places two control groups in the window and two experimental groups on the opposite side of the room. He takes measurements each minute. In this experiment, what is the dependent variable?

Some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells are considered to have had origins as prokaryotic microbes. Which of the following organelles have this evolutionary history?

Which of the following is true about cyanobacteria?

Terrestrial planets in our solar system have similar compositions. Which of the following characteristics is not present in any significant capacity on Mercury?

Which of the following would not be part of the process of an angular unconformity?

How do enzymes speed up a biochemical reaction?

Which of the following is a cloud in which a halo or ring may form when the sun or moon shines through it?

In plants, phloem is responsible for:

During an investigation of the periodic table trends, a student is asked to explain why tellurium comes before iodine even though their atomic masses don't fit the trend in the rest of the row of elements. The student responds that the atomic masses of tellurium and Iodine must be incorrect. Of the following, which is the best first step toward dispelling the student's misconception?

The temperature of a gas inside of a closed rigid cylindrical container is doubled from 300K to 600K. Which of the following best describes the effect of this temperature change on the other variables of the system?

A doctor may evaluate a patient's blood pH, levels of carbon dioxide, and levels of bicarbonates. The study of these components of the blood is most closely related to which scientific discipline?

What reproductive advantage do flowers provide to angiosperms?