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Sem 2 Final Exam Review

Total questions: 53

Worksheet time: 2hrs 35mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

In the history of life, it is believed that more advanced cells arose from less advanced cells due to living in symbiosis with one another. Which of the following statements best describes the evolution of cells?

a)

Modern day cells have not been fully studied yet to know how they may have evolved

b)

It is believed that prehistoric mitochondria cells consumed larger prehistoric centriole cells and eventually began to live as one

c)

The endosymbiotic theory states that the chloroplast and mitochondria used to be their own bacterial cells

d)

Modern day cells have always existed in their current state and have never evolved.

2.

____________ & ______________ are organelles that are believed to have arose from endosymbiosis. (Select two)

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Nucleus

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Chloroplast

e)

Centrioles

3.

Which of the following is evidence to support the endosymbiotic theory?

a)

Prokaryotes have the same number and types of enzymes as eukaryotes.

b)

All eukaryotic cells have a double-layered membrane composed of phospholipids and proteins.

c)

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, which is similar to prokaryotic bacterial DNA.

d)

Fossil evidence shows that the first forms of life were eukaryotic cells.

4.

A change in the inherited traits of a species over time is referred to as________

a)

development.

b)

ancestry.

c)

heredity.

d)

evolution.

5.

A(n) ________ is a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce

a)

Behavior

b)

Variation

c)

Adaptation

d)

Natural selection

6.

_________ refers to the fact that individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.

a)

Natural selection

b)

Evolution

c)

Artificial selection

d)

Adaptations

7.

If a mutation introduced a new skin color in a lizard population, what may determine whether or not the population size of this new variation may increase?

a)

How many other lizard colors there are

b)

Whether the mutation helps some lizards survive better than other lizards

c)

Whether the genetic material of the lizard has an equal number of DNA bases

d)

How many types of species live in the same area

8.
Mutations are important because they bring about
a)
death of the organism in which they develop
b)
genetic variation needed for a population to evolve
c)
benefits for the individual, not for the population
d)
Hardey-Weinberg equilibrium within a population
9.
Extinction can occur because of which of the following?
a)
All can be causes of extinction.
b)
Increased competition with other species
c)
New predators within the environment
d)
Loss of habitat and/or catastrophes
10.
The diagram shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct?
a)
Fossil A and C are the same age
b)
Fossil B is older than fossil C
c)
Fossils A is older than fossil B
d)
Fossil D is older than fossil C
11.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
12.
Farmers breed cows to produce high amounts of milk. This is an example of...
a)
Natural Selection 
b)
Variations in a species 
c)
Selective Breeding 
d)
inbreeding
13.

What is the name of the sugar that can be found in DNA?

a)

Ribose

b)

Disaccharide

c)

Deoxyribose

d)

Riboflavin

14.

In DNA, which of the nitrogenous bases will pair with Cytosine?

a)

Uracil

b)

Adenine

c)

Tristine

d)

Guanine

e)

Glutamine

15.

In DNA, which of the nitrogenous bases will pair with Adenine?

a)

Uracil

b)

Thymine

c)

Tristine

d)

Guanine

e)

Glutamine

16.

In order for DNA to begin, the enzyme know as DNA _________ must unzip the DNA into two separate strands.

a)

Topoisomerase

b)

Polymerase

c)

Helicase

d)

Ligase

17.

Which of the following is not necessary during DNA replication?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

RNA polymerase

c)

Helicase

d)

DNA

18.

If you are given a DNA strand with the following bases of AAG CGT TAC, what would you expect to find on a complimentary strand of DNA?

a)

TTCGCAATC

b)

TTGCGTATG

c)

UUCGCAAUG

d)

UUGCGUAUC

19.

If you are given a DNA strand with the following bases of TGC AGC TGA, what would you expect to find on a complementary strand of DNA?

a)

ACGTGCTGU

b)

ACGUCGACU

c)

TCAGCTGCA

d)

ACGTCGACT

20.

In order for DNA to turned into proteins, it must first be _________ into RNA.

a)

Translated

b)

Transcribed

c)

Replicated

d)

Twisted

21.

If you are given a DNA strand with the following bases of TGC AGC TGA, what would you expect to find on a newly made RNA strand during the process of transcription?

a)

UGCAGCTCU

b)

ACGUCGACU

c)

ACGTCGACT

d)

TGCTCGACT

22.

If you are given a DNA strand with the following bases of AAC CGT GAT, what would you expect to find on a newly made RNA strand during the process of transcription?

a)

UUGGCACUA

b)

TTGGCACTA

c)

TTGCGUCTU

d)

UUCCGUCAU

23.

What is the name of the sugar that can be found in RNA?

a)

Ribose

b)

Disaccharide

c)

Deoxyribose

d)

Riboflavin

24.
Which shows the correct complementary base pairing for DNA?
a)
C-A, T-G
b)
A-G, C-T
c)
C-G, U-A
d)

A-T, C-G

25.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)

it serves as the genetic blueprint for traits of all living things

d)
because we eat it every day for energy
26.

In eukaryotes, which organelle is DNA usually found in?

a)

cell membrane

b)

vacuole

c)

chloroplast

d)

nucleus

27.

What are the "X" shaped things in the drawing.

a)

PMATs

b)

Chromosomes

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Telophase

28.

During what phase of Mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the Middle

a)

Metaphase

b)

Prophase

c)

Telophase

d)

Anaphase

29.

In which phase of Mitosis do the Chromosomes pull Apart

a)

Metaphase

b)

Prophase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

30.
DNA is replicated during the ______ phase of the cell cycle.
a)
G1
b)
Synthesis
c)
G2
d)
G0
31.
Cells spend 90% of their time in this stage of the cell cycle. This is the reason you would see most cells in this stage if viewed under a microscope.
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Interphase
32.
What do the cells look like at the end of mitosis?
a)
different from original cell
b)
similar to the original cell
c)
identical to the original cell
d)
none of these
33.

Fruit fly body cells have 8 chromosomes. After mitosis, you would expect a resulting fruit fly daughter cell to have ...

a)

8 chromosomes

b)

4 chromosomes

c)

16 chromosomes

d)

32 chromosomes

34.
The cells produced via meiosis are called:
a)
sex cells
b)
somatic cells
c)
body cells
d)
skin cells
35.
Meiosis makes sperm and egg cells. In humans, sperm and egg cells each have _____ chromosomes. Therefore a fertilized human egg cell (sperm and egg cell combined) would create a cell with _____ chromosomes.
a)
23, 46
b)
46, 23
c)
2, 4
d)
50, 100
36.
If a somatic cell in a butterfly contains 24 chromosomes, a butterfly egg would contain
a)
3
b)
6
c)
12
d)
24
37.
The process of crossing over occurs in what phase of meiosis?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
prophase 1
c)
prophase 2
d)
telophase 1
38.
Crossing over helps promote 
a)
male genotype
b)
genetic variation
c)
DNA replication
d)
mitosis
39.
A male shark has 40 chromosomes in each of its sex cells. How many would be present in its body cells?
a)
20
b)
40
c)
80
d)
160
40.
Which of the following statements correctly describes meiosis?
a)
Meiosis does not occur in reproductive cells.
b)
The cells produced at the end are identical 
c)
the cells produced at the end contain half the # of chromosomes
d)
cells divide only once during meiosis
41.
Which of the following normally results from meiosis in a human cell that contains 46 chromosomes?
a)
an egg cell with 46 chromosomes
b)
a liver cell with 23 chromosomes
c)
a sperm cell with 23 chromosomes
d)
a blood cell with 46 chromosomes
42.
Based only on the sex chromosomes in a human egg and sperm cells at fertilization, the probability of producing a female is 
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
75% 
d)
90%
43.
What is a phenotype?
a)
The expression of a trait; what you see.
b)
refers to the genetic makeup of an individual
c)
An organism that has the same genes for a trait (ex. TT or tt)
d)
the passing of traits from parent to offspring
44.
The inherited combination of alleles is known as the offspring's
a)
heredity
b)
phenotype
c)
genotype
d)
redigree
45.
Sex cells are produced through the process of
a)
mitosis
b)
cytokinesis
c)
binary fission
d)
meiosis
46.
What does heterozygous mean?
a)
An organism that has the same genes for a trait (TT or tt)
b)
An organism that has different genes for a trait (Tt)
c)
When neither gene is fully dominant; offspring is a mixture of both
d)
the different forms of a trait (hair color--> brown, blonde, red
47.
A heterozygous yellow pea plant's genotype would be:
a)
YY
b)
yy
c)
Yy
d)
Yg
48.

During meiosis, one parent cell gives rise to how many daughter cells?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

49.

Which of the following is homozygous recessive

a)

Rr

b)

RR

c)

rr

d)

all of them

50.

This image shows a_____

a)

Punnett Squre

b)

PHenotype

c)

Pedigree

d)

Homozygous Dominate genotype

51.

If something is heterozygous, it is also _____

a)

purebred

b)

hybrid

c)

dominant

d)

recessive

52.

If something is homozygous, it can also be called____

a)

phenotype

b)

genotype

c)

hybrid

d)

purebred

53.

With this technique, many copies of DNA segment in a few hours are created

a)

PCR

b)

PDR

c)

PNR

d)

DNAR

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