Development is

How does puberty differ between boys and girls?

Usually begins at about age 10 or 11 for girls and age 12 or 13 for boys

Current research suggests that the behavior of adolescents is most affected by which of the following?

Believed that the journey of life consists of eight stages

Feeling resolved (accomplished) about occupational directions and major life questions

Turning point in an adolescent’s development

Which of the following seems to help adolescents steer away from delinquent behavior?

Typical parents of a girl suffering from an eating disorder believe that

"Sturm und Drang" was used in the past, which nowadays refers to

the view that adolescence is a sociohistorical creation.

generalizations about the broad group of adolescents.

changes in an individual's personality, emotions, relationships with other people, and social contexts.

reciprocal influences of behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors.

a research strategy that involves studying different people of varying ages all at one time

G. Stanley Hall's concept that adolescence is a turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swings

consists of the patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course, as well as sociohistorical circumstances

involves the culture in which individuals live

consists of social settings that do not contain the developing person but nevertheless affect experiences in immediate settings

relations between microsystems or connections between contexts

What does BED stand for?

The psychiatric diagnostic category for the occurrence of multiple delinquent activities over a 6-month period. These behaviors include truancy, running away, fire setting, cruelty to animals, breaking and entering, and excessive fighting.

Juvenile offenses, performed by youth under a specified age, that are not as serious as index offenses. These offenses may include acts such as underage drinking, truancy, and sexual promiscuity.

Acts such as robbery, rape, and homicide that are crimes regardless of whether they are committed by juveniles or adults.

a broad range of behaviors, including socially unacceptable behavior, status offenses, and criminal acts

Drugs derived from the male sex hormone testosterone. They promote muscle growth and increase lean body mass.

Drugs that slow down the central nervous system, bodily functions, and behavior.

Drugs that increase the activity of the nervous system.

Lazarus' term for responding to stress in an emotional manner, especially by using defense mechanisms

Lazarus' term for the strategy of squarely facing one's troubles and trying to solve them

The negative consequences that result from contact between two distinctive cultural groups.

Behavior that occurs when individuals turn problems outward. An example is juvenile delinquency.

approach that focuses on describing and exploring the developmental pathways of problems

When Luisa's new boss Greg started working at her company, she found his arrogant behavior to be very upsetting. To lower her anger and frustration, she started going to the gym at lunchtime. Luisa found this helpful for a time. But then Greg started making rude, demeaning comments to her and other associates. Luisa realized that she needed to talk to the human resources (HR) manager about Greg.Which of the following lists Luisa's stress-related actions in the correct order?

Which of the following terms refers to the normal, disease-free development that most people experience during adulthood?

Before their spring vacation, Jennifer takes her college-age daughter Cleo shopping at a new, hip boutique downtown. Cleo holds up a short skirt and colorful top and says, "Mom, you'd look great in this!" Jennifer laughs and says, "Oh no! I couldn't be seen wearing anything from this store. But it would be cute on you!"

Which of the following is the cause of Jennifer's response to the outfit?

boys first ejalctulation

the very early onset and rapid progression of puberty

patterns of the onset of puberty over hisotrical time, especially across generations

thought that is reflective, relativistic, and contextual, open to emotions and subjective

hypothalamus/pituitary/adrenal. Flight or flight response.Hypothalamus sends corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) to pituitary gland which sends adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) through blood to adrenal gland which releases cortisol and catecholamines

The maturation of the adrenal glands that takes place during adolescence caused by pituitary gland that secretes hormones that act on thyroid and adrenal cortex

A class of sex hormones secreted by the gonads, found in both sexes, but in higher levels among males than females (e.g. testosterone)

A measure of an individual's body fat, the ratio of weight to height, used to gauge overweight and obesity. Dividing person's weight (kilograms) by the square of the person's height (metres)

In males:Heightened self-confidenceProblematic behavior, deviant activitiesMore frequent and intense temper tantrums and depressionIn adulthood more responsible, but more conforming, conventional, humorlessIn females:lowered self-imagebegin dating early/problematic behaviorheavier on averagemore menarche negative reactionmore emotional difficultiesHarder for girls than boys b/c:Maturation deviance hypothesis: those who stand apart from their peers may experience more psychological distress than adolescents who blend in more easily

Hippocampus/Pituitary/Gonadal: The neurophysiological pathway that involves the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the gonads

A protein produced by the fat cells that may play a role in the onset of puberty

A physiological level or setting (e.g., of a specific hormone) that the body attempts to maintain through a self-regulating system

Consequence of metacognition. The belief, often brought on by the heightened self-consciousness of early adolescence, that everyone is watching and evaluating one's behavior.

A perspective on cognition that derives from the study of artificial intelligence and attempts to explain cognitive development in terms of the growth of specific components of the thinking process (such as memory)

Consequence of metacognition. An adolescent's belief that he or she is unique and therefore not subject to the rules that govern other people's behavior

Category of adolescent identity status that involves wandering without goals

category of adolescent identity status that involves conforming to expectations

most adolescents belong to a peer group of 5 to 10 people called a(n) _____

a(n) _____ shares attitudes and a group identity, but its members do not spend much time together.

To cope with identity crises, adolescents may experience certain reaction patterns and processes called ______

The biological stage of development known as puberty ends when

an adolescent's career and educational goals are most influenced by his or her

the number of american girls between the ages of 15 and 19 who become pregnant each year is about

significant factors that influence juvenile delinquency include

Theory of moral development

Interpersonal: behavior driven by social approval

Authority: behavior driven by obeying authority and conforming to social order

Theory of moral development

Social contract: Behavior driven by balance of social order and individual rights.

Universal ethics: behavior driven by internal moral principles

Theory of moral development

obedience and punishment: behavior driven by avoiding punishment

Individual interest: behavior driven by self-interest and rewards

stress hormone released by the adrenal cortex

(Too much for too long can cause brain cells to die)

*Hormonal changes in puberty make us more responsive to stress and more vulnerable to mental disorders

What triggers puberty?

What psychological impact does menarche play?

Impact early maturation has on boys?

Impact early maturation has on girls?

Eating disorders are ____ times more common among girls

Leading cause of death/injury in adolescence

The onset of adolescence is generally _____ ______

The end of adolescence is generally _____ _________

The length of adolescence has _______ over the years

In __________ cultures, transition to adulthood is more clear and explicit (often via formal ceremonies)

In _________ society, there is no clear indication of when adulthood begins; religious and cultural initiation ceremonies have little meaning outside the family; general lack of clarity

cultures that expose children to adult roles have an easier transition to adulthood than those who are separated from full participation in society (U.S. adolescents)

selects best features of each theory

Identity exploration (love and work)InstabilityFeeling in-betweenSelf-focused-Age of possibilities

Leading causes of death in adolescence/emerging adulthood (3)

Adolescents: Exercise & Nutrition

Female athlete triad

fourth stage of personality development in which the adolescent strives for a sense of competence and self-esteem

fifth stage of personality development in which the adolescent must find a consistent sense of self

Erikson's sixth stage of development. Adults see someone with whom to share their lives in an eduring and self-sacrificing commitment. Without such commitment, they risk profound aloneness and isolation.

According to Erikson, a major developmental task of later adulthood is finding meaning in one's work, which produces a sense of generativity. Failure leads to a sense of stagnation. 7th.

The final stage of Erik Erikson's developmental sequence, in which older adults seek to integrate their unique experiences with their vision of community.

What is this period we call adolescence and youth?

The most important structural changes in the brain during adolescence are those involving:

In recent research by Lawrence Steinberg and his colleagues, preference for ______________ increased from 14 to 16 years of age and then declined

Sexual dimorphism of CC

A number of studies have reported that, “relative to brain size,” the midsagittal corpus callosum cross-sectional area (CCA) in females is on average A) _______ than in males.

However, others suggest that these may be spurious differences created in the CCA-to-brain-size ratio because brain size tends to be B)________ in males.

_____ determine the onset of the timing of pruning.

Increasing co-ordination between neurons

According to Siegal this makes them 3, 000 times more efficient and more integrated

Daniel Seigals Brainstorm ladies and gentlemen

Daniel Seigals Brainstorm ladies and gentlemen:

ES SE _ _

Brain A)______ baseline of dopamine and B)_____ release level so adolescents feel bored but get excited easier

the pros are magnified and the cons are minimised. This causes risk taking behaviour.

Applicable to complex movement eg chess

is a thinking technique for gaining systemic situation-wide insights into complex situations and problems.

is thinking about the parts or elements of a situation.

is thinking about how those parts or elements work together.

Expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life that permits excellent judgment about important matters

One trend involving _____________ is adolescents’ multitasking

If a key task is at all complex and challenging, multitasking significantly reduces attention to the key task (Myers, 2008)

Imagine leaving a parking lot to drive home in the evening. If your usual routine is to drive straight home, then __________________ is needed to intervene and activate the thought of going first to, say, a grocery store. The automatic process of driving home must be inhibited or else it will control behaviour.

A recent study found that the prefrontal cortex plays a more important role in working memory in _____adolescence than _____adolescence

WAYS OF COPING QUESTIONNAIRE (WCQ) • This inventory was used by Lazarus & Folkman to measure a persons coping style. It uses 50 items that are scored on different scales including: