The adrenal cortex manufactures three classes of adrenal steroids. They are all derived from cholesterol and share a common molecular nucleus. Which of the three is a sex hormone?

The adrenal cortex manufactures three classes of adrenal steroids. Which of the three regulates physiologic levels of sodium and potassium and is relatively independent of pituitary gland feedback?

The adrenal cortex manufactures three classes of adrenal steroids. Which of the following is the primary glucocorticoid responsible regulation of carbs, fat, and protein metabolism, maintenance of vascular reactivity, inhibition of inflammation, maintenance of homeostasis during stress, and insulin antagonist?

The following hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland EXCEPT

What triggers the pituitary to produce more thyroid hormones?

Which of the following is a life-threatening condition which occurs most frequently in patients with severe thyrotoxicosis (like Graves Disease) often precipitated by severe illness, infection, or major surgery?

What are the classic signs of hypothyroidism?

Graves disease is associated with hyperthyroidism which is an over production of and secretion of thyroid hormone. Hashimoto is the cause of hypothyroidism which results from decreased secretion of hypothyroidism.

Insulin is produced when blood glucose levels __a__. Insulin allows the liver and the muscles to store sugar, as well as keep the liver from producing more sugar (t/f).

What are the most common signs/symptoms that would lead one to consider a type I diabetes diagnosis?

A patient is feeling sweaty, shaky and anxious. You check their medical history and see that they are a type 1 diabetic. What medical emergency is the patient experiencing?

Whilst doing an E&I check on a patient, you notice they have a dry mouth and strange fruity acetone breath, and the patient kept asking for water. You check their medical history and see that they are diabetic. What medical emergency is the patient experiencing?

Primary adrenal insufficiency is known as __a__ is the progressive destruction of the adrenal cortex thus leading to insufficient production of __b__.

Secondary adrenal insufficiency results from __a__ and administration of exogenous corticosteroids where the feedback system senses elevated plasma steroid levels and inhibits __b__.

What treatment/meds usually given to patients with peptic ulcer disease?

HINT: It's the most effective anti-Helicobacter therapy.

All the following oral complications or manifestations might be seen with these patients with gastrointestinal disease EXCEPT?

Inflammatory Bowel Disease:

Ulcerative Colitis is a __a__ disease limited to the __b__

Inflammatory Bowel Disease:

Crohn's Disease is a __a__ process that may produce ulceration along any point of the alimentary canal from the mouth to the anus, but most commonly involves the __b__

What oral changes or ulcerations are likely to be caused by Ulcerative Colitis? They generally erupt during GI flareup.

What oral changes or ulcerations are likely to be caused by Crohn's Disease?

Alcoholic Liver Disease of the liver caused by chronic damage to its cells. The last phase of liver disease is cirrhosis which is reversible.

Signs and symptoms of Alcoholic Liver Disease include:

Which type of Viral Hepatitis is most likely encountered through needle stick injury?

Which type of Viral Hepatitis is non-carrier, food contamination; easily treated?

Which type of Viral Hepatitis has carrier status possible; all body fluids transmission?

Which type of Viral Hepatitis has carrier status possible; blood to blood transmission; no cure?

Which type of Viral Hepatitis is caused by excessive or prolonged use of toxic substances?

Which type of Viral Hepatitis is caused viral conditions such as infectious mononucleosis, secondary syphilis, and TB?

Chronic Active Hepatitis is seen in patients infected with

Viral hepatitis

Carrier state can occur in patients infected with

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease most important etiologic factor is __a__. Nitrous oxide sedation __b__ recommended.

For Asthmatic patients, Nitrous oxide sedation __a__ recommended for

Insulin dependent, the pancreas produces little to no insulin

Insulin resistant, the body forgets how to use it. Can be controlled by diet and exercise

Diagnosis of Diabetes:

Fasting blood glucose level ___ or greater on at least 2 occasions must not eat for at least 8 hours

Diagnosis of Diabetes:

Postprandial blood glucose wait 2 hours and levels need to be at or above __a__. __b__ is ideal.

A HbA1c glucose reading is a reading for the average blood glucose levels over a period of time (can be up to 12 weeks). The one-time blood stick glucose reading can be done anywhere and at anytime and will tell you exactly what is happening in the moment

Which is allergic reaction is related to humoral immune system (response to antigens via circulatory antibodies)?

Which allergic reaction is mediated by lymphocytes (cell mediated) and NOT by

antibodies?

Which of the following is the causative agent (bacterium) of ulcers?

Which of the following is the causative agent (bacterium) of TB?

Which of the following is the causative agent (bacterium) of Pseudomembranous Colitis?

A patient with what condition should there be no vasoconstrictor since vessels are already constricted and blood flow is poor and clotting is more common?

A patient with what condition is highly sensitive to epinephrine because the amines can cause a hyperthyroid crisis that can be fatal?

A patient with what condition inhibits the drug metabolism in the liver so local anesth. lasts longer - need to use less since it stays in the body longer?

What condition is a deficiency that occurs in utero or shortly after birth? This condition leads to abnormalities in intellectual and physical development.

What condition is a severe form of hypothyroidism which causes a nonpitting edema associated with accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in skin. This condition affects adolescents and adults.