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WorksheetsHuman Biology PASS Exam Buster 2022
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 2hrs 40mins
Which of the following is the smallest level of structural complexity in the human body?
Tissues
Atoms
Organs
Molecules
A patient comes into hospital with signs of cirrhosis and a history of chronic alcohol abuse. Using the nine (9) abdominopelvic regional scheme, in what region is the right lobe of the liver situated?
Right lumbar region
Right hypochondriac region
Hypogastric region
Right iliac region
Which of the following responses is controlled by positive feedback?
Blood sugar levels
Inflammatory response
Breathing rate
Body temperature
Which of the following is an example of a symptom felt by a patient?
Rash
Fever
Nausea
Redness of skin
A person who just received a large knock on the head is placed face-up, flat on the floor (on their back) with a blanket over their legs. They are said to be in the
Supine position
Prone position
Semi-prone position
Unconscious position
Which of the following statements regarding medical imaging is incorrect?
MRI can be used on patients with metal implants in the body
Sonography is safe, invasive and painless
PET scans measure cell activity and metabolism
Both a and b are incorrect
The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as consisting of:
Two layers of phospholipids with protein sandwiched between them
A phospholipid bilayer with proteins bound only to the outside by covalent bonds
A phospholipid single layer with embedded proteins
A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
Which one of the following process could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings?
Active transport
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
None of the above are correct
The bursting of cells due to osmosis occurs in a _____________ solution.
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Aqueous
Which of the following acts as the digestive system inside a cell, helps to break down old or unneeded parts of the cell, and substances that have been brought into the cell from the outside?
Centriole
Ribosome
Lysosome
Cytochrome
Which one of the following cells, tissues or structures is not considered as a connective tissue?
An erythrocyte
An intervertebral disc
Patella
Myocardium
Epithelium that appears layered due to the varying levels at which nuclei are found in cells, but in reality, is not layered, is ____________.
Transitional epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
The cells that directly and specifically secrete mucus are called ___________ cells.
Epithelial
Endocrine
Exocrine
Goblet
A communicating junction that allows ions and small molecules to pass from the cytoplasm of one cell to the cytoplasm of the next is called a:
Desmosome
Gap junction
Tight junction
Hemidesmosome
Where do epithelial cells usually receive nutrients from?
Underlying tissues
Cerebrospinal fluid
Goblet cells
Endocrine glands
What type of epithelial cell is found in the bladder?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Transitional epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Which of the following epithelial cells are present in blood vessels?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Transitional epithelium
Which of the following attach cells to each other?
Tight junctions
Connexins
Hemidesmosomes
Cadherins
Under which tissue classification do blood cells fall under?
Nervous
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Which of these are a basic function of the skin?
Provide a physical and chemical barrier
Maintain body temperature
Vitamin D synthesis
All of the above
What do Langerhans' cells do?
Present antigens to the immune system
Produce fibrous intermediate filament proteins
Secrete pigment
Provide structure to the rest of the tissue
Which best describes the stratum corneum?
The spiny layer
The granular layer
The horny layer
The clear layer
In what type of skin is stratum lucidum found?
Thin skin
Thick skin
All skin types
No skin types
Which two layers make up the dermis?
Papillary – loose connective tissue and dermal papillae; and reticular – dense connective tissue and elastin
Reticular – loose connective tissue and dermal papillae; and papillary – dense connective tissue and elastin
Elastic – dense connective tissue and elastin; and papillary – loose connective tissue and dermal papillae
Reticular – dense connective tissue and elastin; and areolar – loose connective tissue and dermal papillae
What are the distinguishing features of eccrine sweat glands?
Secretes ‘true’ sweat via ducts that lead to pores in the skin
Located on palms of hands, soles of feet and forehead
Both of the above
None of the above
Where is the yellow bone marrow found in a long bone?
Diaphysis
Medullary cavity
Epiphysis
Periosteum
Why do collagen fibres run in different directions in each lamella?
To resist torsion
To resist tension
To increase flexibility
To decrease rigidity
Cartilage consists of:
Collagen and elastin fibres
Fibral fibres, elastin fibres and chondroitin sulphate
Fibral fibres, collagen fibres and chondroitin sulphate
Collagen fibres, elastin fibres and chondroitin sulphate
What joint structure’s purpose is to provide strength and support?
A tight junction
Cartilage
Fibrous connective tissue
A synovial joint
What type of joint connects the fibula and tibia in the ankle?
Gomphosis (fibrous joint)
Syndesmosis (fibrous joint)
Symphyses (cartilaginous joint)
Synchondroses (cartilaginous joint)
What is a bursa?
A section of protective cartilage
The end of a long bone which is encased in cartilage
The membrane surrounding the articular cartilage
A bag of lubricant which rests between surfaces to reduce friction
The shoulder joint has what kind of mobility?
Synarthroses
Diarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Synchondroses
What is the function of fibrous connective tissue?
Cushioning
Strength and flexibility
Strength and support
Lubrication of joint
Which of the following is an example of an ellipsoid joint?
Neck
Shoulder
Wrist
Thumb
Which type of muscle tissue can be found in the stomach?
Skeletal muscle
Stomach muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Troponin and tropomyosin are examples of what kind of protein?
Contractile
Regulatory
Structural
Sarcomere
What is the name of the membrane that surrounds each fascicle in skeletal muscles?
Epimysium
Endomysium
Perimysium
Sarcomysium
How many ventricles are there in the brain?
3
4
5
6
The parietal lobe
Contains the primary motor cortex
Contains the primary sensory cortex
Contains the primary vision centre
Contains the primary olfactory centre
The occipital lobe of the brain controls which function?
Eyesight
Auditory
Memory
Emotional expression
The area of the brain that regulates posture and balance (i.e. walking and arm-swing) is the
Limbic system
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Which of the following is a function of the medulla oblongata?
The control of the posterior pituitary gland
The control of the vomit and cough reflexes
The regulation of body temperature
The regulation of water balance and thirst sensation
The subarachnoid space is found between
Arachnoid mater and pia mater
Dura mater and skull bone
Pia mater and the cerebrum surface
None of the above
Which type of response are pupil and airway constriction?
Central
Somatic
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
A humeral stimulus for hormone release is caused by:
Nervous input
The release of a different hormone
Changes in the level of a certain substance in the blood
A good joke
The posterior pituitary gland secretes
Oxytocin
hGH
TSH
ACTH
The pancreas is an:
Endocrine gland
Exocrine gland
Both of the above
None of the above
Which of the following are not found in the gastric glands?
Chief cells
Goblet cells
Parietal cells
Enteroendocrine cells
Hyperthyroidism has all the following characteristics except...
Increased metabolic rate
Decreased heart rate
Sweating
Weight loss
The parathyroid hormone stimulates the...
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Osteogenesis
The corticosteroids include hydrocortisone. Its purpose is to...
decrease inflammatory response
control blood pressure by increasing sodium re-absorption from the kidneys
play a role in onset of puberty
none of the above
Steroid hormones...
Are water soluble
Act on receptors in the plasma membrane that initiate signalling cascades
Act on receptors inside the cell that directly promote transcription
Both a & b
The production of red blood cells is controlled by:
Erythropoiesis
Leukopoiesis
Thrombopoiesis
Periaqueductal Gray
What is the life span of an RBC?
240 days
120 days
65 days
120 hours
T-lymphocytes mature in the __________, while B-lymphocytes mature in the ________.
Yellow bone marrow; red bone marrow
Thyroid follicles; bone marrow
Bone marrow; thymus
Thymus; bone marrow
When do the AV valves close during the cardiac cycle?
When pressure inside the ventricles is at its lowest
When pressure inside the atria is greater than that inside the ventricles
When ventricular pressure exceeds that of the atria
When pressure is greater in the aorta than in the left ventricle
Which is not a type of capillary?
Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoid
Valvular
The T wave represents
Atrial depolarisation
Atrial repolarisation
Ventricular depolarisation
Ventricular repolarisation
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of flow of an electrical impulse through the heart?
SA node -> Bundle of His -> AV node -> Right and left bundle branches -> Purkinje fibres
SA node -> AV node -> Purkinje fibres -> Bundle of His -> Right and left bundle branches
SA node -> AV node -> Bundle of His -> Right and left bundle branches -> Purkinje fibres
AV node -> SA node -> Bundle of His -> Right and left bundle branches -> Purkinje fibres
Arteries:
Use valves
Have a thicker tunica media
Have a smaller lumen
Are not elastic
Freshly oxygenated blood enters the heart through the __________, and is pumped out through the __________.
Right atrium; aorta
Left atrium; aorta
Right ventricle; pulmonary arteries
Left ventricle; pulmonary veins
The layer of the heart that forms a smooth, protective lining inside of the heart chambers and valves is the __________.
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
Pericardial sac
Which is not a function of the spleen?
Blood reservoir
Immune surveillance
Synthesise erythrocytes
Store platelets
Large groups of lymphatic nodules in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, genital, and urinary tracts are collectively called:
MALT
Peyer Patches
Germinal centres
Mucosal lymph nodes
The germinal centres in lymph nodes mainly contain:
Macrophages
Proliferating B cells
T lymphocytes
All of the above
Diapedesis involves
Movement of leukocytes through a capillary wall to the inflamed tissue
Activation of ‘defensin’ proteins to destroy bacteria
Chemical attraction to the site of injury
Release of chemicals that result in vasodilation
Which is not an effect of an antigen-antibody complex?
Agglutination
Cell lysis
Phagocytosis
Proliferation
Which type of immunity is developed after receiving the influenza vaccine?
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Artificially acquired passive immunity
Naturally acquired active immunity
Artificially acquired active immunity
Humoral immunity is a type of adaptive immunity that results in the circulation of which of the following throughout the blood?
Antigens
Natural killer cells
Antibodies
Macrophages
Which of the following is not one of the three main antigen-presenting cell types?
Natural killer cells
Dendritic cells
B lymphocytes
Macrophages
Which of the following is not a benefit of fever?
Increases metabolic rate
Speeds up repair processes
Decreases metabolic rate
Liver and spleen sequester Fe and Zn
Activated B cells divide into memory B cells and ________.
Antibodies
Platelets
Antigens
Plasma cells
Which of the following is not an example of an internal defence?
Mucous membranes
Phagocytes
Inflammation
Fever
Which of the following is a role of T helper cells?
Bind to T cells and releases costimulatory signals to complete T cell activation
Moderate immune response
Destroy abnormal/virus infected cells
Bind to dendritic cells and stimulate them to express costimulatory molecules
The respiratory zone consists of:
Respiratory passageways, respiratory bronchioles, and alveoli
Respiratory passageways, alveolar ducts, and alveoli
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli
Terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, and alveoli
Which of the following is a function of the larynx?
Provide a patent airway
Switching mechanism to route air and food
Voice production
All of the above
The left lung is made of __________ lobes, and the right lung is made of __________ lobes.
2; 2
2; 3
3; 2
3; 3
Which of the following does not form part of the respiratory membrane?
Type II alveolar cells
Wall of capillary
Basement membrane
Type I alveolar cells
What is the main method of transport used to move carbon dioxide throughout the bloodstream?
Bound to haemoglobin
As soluble bicarbonate ions
Simply dissolved in plasma
Bound to red blood cells
Respiration is controlled mainly by the:
Cerebellum
Corpus Callosum
Brain Stem
All of the aboe
Which organ produces an alkaline substance that aids in fat digestion?
Stomach
Gallbladder
Liver
Appendix
Brush-border cells are located in the ____________, and function to _____________?
Villus of the large intestine; absorb and digest nutrients
Villus of the small intestine; absorb and digest nutrients
Villus of the large intestine; secretes lysozyme
Villus of the small intestine; secretes lysozyme
The major layers of the GIT are, in order of innermost to outermost:
Serosa, mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
Submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscularis externa
Muscularis externa, mucosa, submucosa, serosa
The purpose of saliva is to:
Clean the mouth
Dissolve food particles so they can be tasted
Prevent overgrowth of harmful bacteria
All of the above
What substance do chief cells in the gastric glands secrete?
Hydrochloric acid
Gastrin
Pepsinogen
Mucus
What type of capillaries is present in the glomerulus?
Fenestrated capillaries
Sinusoid capillaries
Continuous capillaries
None of the above
What is the function of the renal pelvis?
Filter blood
Collect urine
Re-absorb essential components into blood
Excrete non-essential components out of blood
Which structure of the nephron allows for predominately water reabsorption?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Descending limb of nephron loop
Ascending limb of nephron loop
Antidiuretic hormone:
Regulates water permeability within collecting ducts
Is released by the anterior pituitary gland
Causes less water to be reabsorbed into the blood
All of the above
The structure that is continuous with the renal pelvis and conveys urine to the bladder is called the:
Urethra
Ureter
Major calyx
Urinary duct
Which of the following anatomical portions of a nephron connects the Bowman’s capsule to the loop of Henle?
Distal convoluted tubulue
Connecting tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Which portion of the brain is mainly responsible for thermoregulation?
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Cerebral cortex
Medulla oblongata
What is considered the major agent of heat transfer between the core and surface?
Lymph
Connective tissue
Skeletal muscles
Blood
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding heat exhaustion?
Sweating and blood flow to the periphery are reduced
Associated with vigorous exercise and/or exposure to high environmental temperatures
Elevated core body temperature (37.5-39oC)
Heat-loss mechanisms are functional
Where are peripheral thermoreceptors located?
Blood vessels
Spinal cord
Skin
Hypothalamus
What is convection?
Transfer of heat from one object to another by the movement of a medium (liquid or gas).
The transfer of heat from one object to another through direct contact.
Heat loss via electromagnetic radiation.
Conversion of a liquid to a gas
What is the main mechanism by which muscles affect thermoregulation?
Erector pili muscles make hair stand up
Shivering increases body temperature
Muscles do not help regulate body temperature
Shivering decreases body temperature
Which behaviour leads to an increase of heat loss?
Increasing physical activity
Sheltering from the wind
Reducing surface area
Removing clothing
Which two body systems regulate feedback mechanisms?
Skeletal and muscular
Skeletal and endocrine
Endocrine and nervous
Muscular and nervous
The heat transfer mechanism that occurs between the sun and the outer layer of the skin is called what?
Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Evaporation
