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WorksheetsBiology 1
Total questions: 87
Worksheet time: 1hrs 3mins
All cells carry the entire genome of an organism apart from:
hair follicles and gametes.
skin cells and gametes.
gametes and red blood cells.
gametes.
Gene expression is the ability for a gene to be:
in the genome.
transcribed.
non-coding.
a dominant allele.
Which RNA type is the result of transcription?
tRNA
Non-coding RNA
rRNA
mRNA
Which of the following is correct?
Nucleotide triplets code a single amino acid.
Each amino acid codes a nucleotide.
Each nucleotide codes an amino acid.
Amino acid triplets code a single nucleotide.
RNA substitutes uracil for which nucleotide?
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Thymine
Translation is a process where:
a polypeptide sequence is produced from a sequence of rRNA codons.
a polypeptide sequence is produced from a sequence of tRNA codons.
a polypeptide sequence is produced from a sequence of mRNA codons.
a DNA nucleotide sequence is used to produce mRNA codon sequence.
Epigenetics modulates genetic expression:
differently in each cell in the body.
by altering the genome.
in response to only intracellular processes.
consistently throughout an individual's life.
Transcription factors are produced by:
coding DNA.
structural genes.
non-coding DNA and structural genes.
non-coding DNA.
Hox genes are the most powerful control on the morphology of animals. They do this by:
being highly conserved.
coding for the body plan.
coding body segmentation.
regulating transcription of other genes.
Monozygotic twins can look different to one another because:
they have different genetic material from the mother but the same genetic material from the father.
they have different genetic material from the father but the same genetic material from the mother.
the environment is determinative of phenotype.
a mutation has occurred in one twin during embryonic development.
A traumatic event experienced by an organism can affect the health of its children and grandchildren. This can happen through inherited:
epigenetic tags.
polypetide chains.
transcription factors.
DNA nucleotide patterns.
A split gene includes non-coding introns that are ____________ during post-transcriptional modification.
capped
removed
retained
methylated
DNA methylation patterns are generally:
predictable
substantially altered when an individual smokes.
inherited from the parents.
set early in embryonic development.
The homeobox gene is highly conserved. This shows that:
it is a sequence that is unlikely to mutate.
its role in gene expression is vital to survival.
it is coded for in several places.
it is very powerful; therefore maintained by evolution.
Gene regulation occurs:
only in some cells.
when the variability within the genetic code is insufficiently adaptive for the individual to survive in its environment.
constantly, in all known life forms.
during embryonic development.
Translation in eukaryotes occurs:
outside of the nucleus.
inside of the nucleus.
The SRY gene codes for a transcription factor which:
begins the process that turns a female foetus into a male foetus.
ensures that development begins as a female foetus.
ensures that development begins as a male foetus.
begins the process that turns a male foetus into a female foetus.
All the genes in both a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell are expressed at the same time.
True
False
Prokaryotes regulate gene expression primarily
in order to maintain homeostasis
in response to changing environmental conditions
during development as cells specialize
Prokaryotes do not regulate gene expression. All genes are always on.
One way to regulate the expression of a gene is to control the formation of mRNA. This is called ___ control.
transcriptional
translational
post-transcriptional
post-translational
In order for a gene to be expressed, ___ must bind to the gene's ___, a specific sequence of nucleotides at one end of the gene, thus initiating transcription.
DNA polymerase, promotor
DNA polymerase, operator
RNA polymerase, promotor
RNA polymerase, operator
An operon is
a genetic on/off switch in prokaryotes
a genetic on/off switch in eukaryotes
a group of related genes and the associated gene switches in prokaryotes
a group of related genes and the associated gene switches in eukaryotes
Genes can be shut off (not expressed) when a ___ binds to the ____.
activator, operator
repressor, operator
corepressor, operator
repressor, promotor
What molecule can remove a repressor protein from the operator?
a corepressor
an inducer
What is the inducer in the lac operon?
cAMP
glucose
lactose
CRP
Genes can be turned on (expressed) when a(n) ____ such as CRP or cAMP receptor protein binds to the CRP binding site.
repressor
corepressor
inducer
activator
In the lac operon system, __ must first bind to CRP so that it is capable of binding to the DNA. This occurs when glucose levels are __.
cAMP, high
cAMP, low
inducer, high
inducer, low
Negative control of gene expression is mediated by __ and results in a(n) __ in the frequency of transcription.
activators, increase
activators, decrease
repressors, increase
repressors, decrease
In the trp operon, __ acts as a __ and helps the repressor bind to the operator.
tryptophan, corepressor
tryptophan, inducer
lactose, corepressor
lactose, inducer
The trp operon has only ___ control which is common for the genes needed for ___ processes.
positive, catabolic
positive, anabolic
negative, catabolic
negative, anabolic
Eukaryotes need to regulate their genes
during cell specialization that occurs during development
in order to maintain homeostasis
both a and b
neither a or b
Which of the following is/are similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression?
both use proteins to interact with the DNA to control gene expression
both have histones complexed with their DNA
both separate the processes of transcription and translation spatially
all of the above
___ are DNA sequences which are often located far from the genes they regulate in eukaryotes where transcription activators can bind.
histones
promotors
enhancers
Which of the following help to turn genes on so that they are expressed (transcribed and translated)?
a high level of condensation (coiling around histones)
histone acetylation
DNA methylation
histone methylation
Inheritance NOT involving the nucleotide sequence of the DNA but involving chromatin modifications such as methylation is called
epigenetic inheritance
antigenetic inheritance
Which of the following are types of post-transcriptional control of genes in eukaryotes?
alternative RNA splicing or processing
gene silencing through RNA interference
destruction of ubiquitin tagged proteins
all of the above
Alternative RNA splicing involves
removing introns and splicing the same exons together
removing exons and splicing the same introns together
removing introns and splicing different exons together
removing exons and splicing different introns together
The z gene codes for:
permease
beta-galactosidase
repressor of lac operon
transacetylase
Operons are found in which of the following organisms?
Bacteria(prokaryotes)
plants and animals(eukaryotes)
only animals
virsuses
An operon consists of all of the following except:
operator
regulatory gene
promoter
genes of the operon
The y gene codes for:
beta-galactosidase
permease
transacetylase
repressor of lac operon
The a gene codes for:
Beta-galactosidase
permease
transacetylase
repressor of lac operon
The i gene codes for:
transacetylase
repressor of lac operon
permease
beta-galactosidase
The cistrons in lac operon have a common promoter.
True
False
The lac operon genes only become expressed if:
lactose binds to repressor
glucose binds to repressor
repressor binds to operator
lactose binds to operator
A protein that binds to the operator and blocks the RNA polymerase:
activator
repressor
regulator
corepressor
Beta-galactosidase is used for:
hydrolysis of lactose
inducing the lac operon
represses the lac operon
increase permeability to beta-galactosides
The on/off switch for an operon is:
gene
operator
promoter
repressor
What type of gene control is shown in this image?
processing control
transcriptional control
post translational control
mRNA stability control
What is the phenotype of a person with the genotype IAi?
If two parents are heterozygous for type A blood , what is the probability that their offspring would have type O blood? Do the Punnett Square. Do not guess.
100 %
75%
50%
25%
Which genotype represents a female who is a carrier for hemophilia?
A condition in which both alleles for a gene are expressed so that both traits are visible is known as ---
Codominance
Incomplete dominance
The blending of two traits is known as ---
incomplete dominance
codominance
Codominance occurs in calico cats, which allows for the Black and Tan colors to show. What percentage of the offspring will be calico (black and tan spotted)?
25
50
75
100
Incomplete dominance occurs in cats, which allows them to be Black, White, or gray as shown on this Punnett square. What percentage of the offspring will be black?
25
50
75
100
If a father has homozygous Type A blood and a mother has type AB, what is the probability for a child with AB blood?
In dogs, brown fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b). A homozygous dominant dog with brown fur is crossed with a heterozygous dog with brown fur. What are the percentages of the possible genotypes?
What is a phenotype?
Which allele combination is heterozygous ?
tt
A blue flower is crossed with a red flower and you get a purple flower. Which pattern of inheritance is this?
Incomplete Dominance
Codominance
Multiple Alleles
Polygenic Inheritance
If both traits are fully and equally expressed, one trait is __________ to the other.
Dominant
Codominant
Incompletely Dominant
Recessive
Chickens with black feathers are crossed with chickens with white feathers. Their offspring have black and white feathers. Which pattern of inheritance is this?
Codominance
Incomplete Dominance
Multiple Alleles
Polygenic Inheritance
Which of the following is not an allele for blood type?
A
B
O
i
If you have type O blood, what is your blood genotype?
Ai
Bi
OO
ii
If you have type a blood what is your blood genotype?
AA
Ai
AB
Aa
Which blood type is the universal donor? (They can give blood to all other blood types)
A
B
AB
O
Which blood type is the universal recipient? (They can receive any type of blood.)
A
B
AB
O
Blood type is an example of which two (2) patterns of inheritance?
Multiple Alleles & Codominance
Polygenic Inheritance & Multiple Alleles
Incomplete Dominance & Multiple Polygenic Inheritance
Codominance & Incomplete Dominance
A trait produced by two (2) or more genes is an example of...
Polygenic Inheritance
Multiple Alleles
Codominance
Incomplete Dominance
What is epistasis?
When one gene controls the others
When one gene is recessive to the others
When one gene is codominant to another
When there are multiple alleles for one gene
Why are linked genes not always inherited together?
Crossing over occurs during meiosis
The chromosomes separate during anaphase
Linked genes are on different chromosomes
Genes are always inherited independently
If someone is a biological male, what are their sex chromosomes?
XX
XY
AB
23
Why does the X-Chromosome affect more traits than the Y-Chromosome?
X chromosome is smaller than the Y chromosome
X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome
X chromosome is dominant to the Y chromosome
X and Y chromosomes are incompletely dominant
Why will males always express the recessive version of an x-linked trait?
Males have 2 X chromosomes
Males only have 1 X chromosome
Male chromosomes are always incompletely dominant
Males have more chromosomes
