the process of forming impressions of others

widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group

occurs when people estimate that they have encountered more confirmations of an association between social traits than they have actually seen

phenomenon in which people tend to believe they are being noticed more than they really are

cognitive bias whereby people perceive their knowledge of others to surpass other people's knowledge of them

inferences that people draw about the causes of events, others' behavior, and their own behavior

ascribe the causes of behavior to personal dispositions, traits, abilities, and feelings

ascribe the causes of behavior to situational demands and environmental constraints

the tendency to attribute one's own actions to external causes while attributing other people's behavior to internal causes

refers to observers' bias in favor of internal attributions in explaining others' behavior

a tendency to blame victims for their misfortune so that one feels less likely to be victimized

the inclination, after an event has occurred, to see the event as having been predictable, despite there having been little or no objective basis for predicting it

people's tendency to attribute one's successes to personal factors and one's failures to situational factors

refers to positive feelings toward another

involves liking those who show that they like you

a complete absorption in another that includes tender sexual feelings and the agony and ecstasy of intense emotions

warm, trusting, tolerant affection for another whose life id deeply intertwined with one's own

the warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship

an intent to maintain a relationship in spite of the difficulties and costs that may arise

occurs when someone tries to attract another person who is already in a relationship

positive or negative evaluations of objects of thought

attitudes that we hold consciously and can readily describe

covert attitudes that are expressed in subtle automatic responses that people have little conscious control over

exists when related cognitions are inconsistent or contradict each other

occurs when people yield to real or imagined social pressure

operates when people conform to social norms for fear of negative social consequences

operates when people look to others for guidance about how to behave in ambiguous situations

a form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority

widely shared expectations about how people in certain positions are supposed to behave

people are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups than when they are alone

phenomenon whereby a person is less likely to take responsibility for action or inaction when others are present

is a reduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups as compared to when they work by themselves

occurs when group discussion strengthens a group's dominant point of view and produces a shift toward a more extreme decision in that direction

occurs when members of a cohesive group emphasize concurrence at the expense of critical thinking in arriving at a decision

refers to the strength of the liking relationships linking groups members to each other and to the group itself

a negative attitude held toward members of a group

behaving differently, usually unfairly, toward the members of a group

involves getting people to agree to a small request to increase the chances that they will agree to a larger request later

involves requesting something large from an individual, knowing the request will be turned down, and then requesting a second, more reasonable request that the individual will agree to

the rule that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others

involves getting someone to commit to an attractive proposition before its hidden costs are revealed

Created the line experiment used to measure conformity.

Created the shock experiment to measure obedience to authority.

Created the Stanford prison experiment which was later determined to be both ethically and scientifically flawed.

Theorized that people’s intimate relationships in adulthood follow the same form as their attachments in infancy and childhood.

a social phenomena in which being in the presence of others improves individual task performance

the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories.

T or F sixty-five percent of participants in the shock experiment administered a shock to the very end of the shock board.

the tendency for an impression created in one area to influence opinion in another area, i.e. pretty people have prettier personalities

the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors

when a person restrains or alters their behavior when around others in a social setting for fear of being judged, or facing the disapproval of others.

a state when you become so immersed in the norms of the group that you lose your sense of identity and personal responsibility

a goal that can be attained only if the members of two or more groups work together by pooling their skills, efforts, and resources