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Respiratory Exam 1: Jones - Review

Total questions: 84

Worksheet time: 3600secs

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which type of alveolar cells secrete surfactant?

a)

Type I

b)

Type II

c)

Type III

d)

None

2.

T or F: The parietal pleura covers the surface of the lungs.

a)

True

b)

False

3.

As the diaphragm contracts during inspiration, the Intrapulmonary Pressure (Pip) ________.

a)

increases

b)

decreases

c)

does not change

4.

As the amount of surfactant in the lungs increases, the lung compliance _______.

a)

increases

b)

decreases

c)

does not change

5.

T or F: Contraction of the internal intercostal muscles expands the thoracic cavity.

a)

True

b)

False

6.

The maximum amount of gas that can be inspired after a normal tidal expiration is the:

a)

Inspiratory Capacity

b)

Tidal Volume

c)

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

d)

Residual Volume

7.

T or F: Sympathetic agonists could be utilized to treat asthma.

a)

True

b)

False

8.

T or F: The partial pressure of oxygen decreases at high altitude because the amount of oxygen in the air is decreased.

a)

False

b)

True

9.

T or F: Breathing 100% oxygen will increase the total oxygen content of whole blood by 5 times.

a)

False

b)

True

10.

Arterial blood pH is _______ proportional to the partial carbon dioxide pressure of arterial blood.

a)

directly

b)

indirectly

c)

not

11.

Central chemoreceptors respond to changes in:

a)

Carbon Dioxide

b)

Oxygen

c)

Both

d)

Neither

12.

Which of the following are parts of the conducting zone?

a)

Primary Bronchi

b)

Trachea

c)

Nose

d)

Terminal Bronchioles

e)

Respiratory Bronchioles

13.

Which of the following are parts of the Respiratory Zone?

a)

Respiratory Bronchioles

b)

Alveolar ducts

c)

Alveolar sacs

d)

Terminal Bronchioles

14.

What are the functions of the conducting zone?

a)

Filtering the air

b)

Cleaning the air

c)

Warming the air

d)

Humidifying the air

e)

Gas exchange

15.

During expiration, Intrapleural Pressure ________

a)

decreases

b)

increases

c)

remains unchanged

16.

During inspiration,

a)

Alveolar pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure

b)

Transpulmonary pressure increases

c)

the diaphragm relaxes

d)

intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric pressure

17.

The pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume.

a)

Boyle's Law

b)

Charles' Law

c)

Dalton's Law

d)

Henry's Law

18.

A measure of the distensibility of the lungs is:

a)

Compliance

b)

Elasticity

c)

Surface tension

19.

The tendency of the lungs to return to their initial size after stretching is:

a)

compliance

b)

elasticity

c)

surface tension

20.

The pressure in a small alveolus is greater than a large alveolus as long as the surface tension is equal:

a)

Boyle's Law

b)

Dalton's Law

c)

Laplace's Law

d)

Henry's Law

21.

Quiet expiration is caused by:

a)

Contraction of the external intercostals

b)

Contraction of the internal intercostals

c)

Lung recoil

d)

Increased intrapulmonary pressure

e)

Contraction of the scalenes

22.

Quiet inspiration will ______ thoracic and lung volume and ______ intrapulmonary pressure.

a)

increase, increase

b)

increase, decrease

c)

decrease, increase

d)

decrease, decrease

23.

Which of the following are true?

a)

Blood in the pulmonary veins is low in oxygen

b)

Blood in the pulmonary veins is high in carbon dioxide

c)

The oxygen concentration of inspired air is higher than that of alveolar air

d)

All are true

24.

The volume of gas inspired or expired in a quiet respiration cycle is the

a)

tidal volume

b)

vital capacity

c)

inspiratory reserve volume

d)

residual volume

25.

The total amount of gas in the lungs after a maximum inspiration is the

a)

vital capacity

b)

total lung capacity

c)

tidal volume

d)

functional residual capacity

26.

The amount of a given gas dissolved in the blood:

a)

is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas

b)

is indirectly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas

c)

increases at higher altitudes

d)

is described primarily by Boyle's Law

27.

Normal arterial Po2 is

a)

90 mmHg

b)

100 mmHg

c)

50 mmHg

d)

190 mmHg

28.

Normal venous Pco2 is:

a)

40 mmHg

b)

46 mmHg

c)

100 mmHg

d)

86 mmHg

29.

The ventilation/perfusion ratio:

a)

is lowest at the apex of the lungs

b)

increases when blood flow is decreased

c)

decreases when ventilation is increased

d)

increases due to dilation of the pulmonary arterioles

30.

Blood flow is greatest at the ____ of the lungs and perfusion is greatest at the ____ of the lungs.

a)

apex, apex

b)

apex, base

c)

base, base

d)

base, apex

31.

Peripheral chemoreceptors that can detect changes in blood pH are located in the:

a)

medulla oblongata

b)

aortic and carotid bodies

c)

pons

d)

lungs

32.

The primary drive to breath is elicited by which of the following:

a)

reduced Po2

b)

reduced Pco2

c)

increased Po2

d)

increased Pco2

33.

What is the condition of having low blood oxygen levels?

a)

hypoxemia

b)

hypoxia

c)

hypercapnia

d)

hypocapnia

34.

The dorsal respiratory group in the medulla oblongata is involved with

a)

inspiration

b)

expiration

c)

breathing rhythm

d)

both inspiration and expiration

35.

Hyperventilation is stimulated by

a)

increased activity of the apneustic center

b)

decreased contraction of the scaleness

c)

hypercapnia (high carbon dioxide)

d)

hypoxemia

36.

Carbon monoxide is lethal because it

a)

reduces CO2 and slows breathing

b)

increases CO2 and causes seizures

c)

binds hemoglobin preventing oxygen binding

d)

increases oxygen at the cells

37.

The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is _____ as the partial pressure of oxygen is raised.

a)

increased

b)

decreased

c)

remains unchanged

38.

The Bohr effect:

a)

describes the effect of pH on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen

b)

describes the effect of pH on the affinity of hemoglobin for carbon dioxide

c)

describes the mechanism of ventilation

d)

describes the effect of solubility on the amount of gas dissolved in blood

39.

A decrease in temperature will shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the

a)

right

b)

left

c)

no change

40.

An increase in 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG) will _____ the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.

a)

increase

b)

decrease

c)

no change

41.

Which of the following will decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?

a)

decreased pH

b)

increased temperature

c)

increased 2,3-DPG

42.

The exchange of chloride ions for bicarbonate through tissue capillaries is called the

a)

Chloride shift

b)

Bohr effect

c)

Oxygen Toxicity

d)

Acidosis

43.

The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as

a)

dissolved carbon dioxide

b)

bicarbonate ion

c)

carbaminohemoglobin

d)

carboxyhemoglobin

44.

Carbon dioxide ____ oxygen unloading and oxygen unloading ____ carbon dioxide transport.

a)

increases, improves

b)

increases, worsens

c)

decreases, improves

d)

decreases, worsens

45.

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

a)

Gas Exchange

b)

Maintain blood pH

c)

Speech/Sensory

d)

Hormone Activation

e)

Clot dissolution

46.

Where does most gas exchange take place?

a)

Alveolar ducts

b)

Alveolar sacs

c)

Trachea

d)

Terminal Bronchioles

47.

What muscles are utilized during Inspiration - Quiet Breathing?

a)

Diaphram

b)

External Intercostals

c)

Internal Intercostals

d)

Scalene

48.

When the volume in the lungs decreases -->

a)

Pressure decreases

b)

Pressure increases

c)

Change in Patm

d)

Decreased air flow

49.

T or F: Flow = Change in Pressure/Resistance

a)

True

b)

False

c)

Change in Pressure = Palv-Patm

d)

Change in Pressure = Patm-Palv

50.

Inspiration:

a)

Expansion of the chest

b)

Compression of the chest

c)

Pip decreases

d)

Ptp increases

e)

Palv becomes subatmospheric

51.

Expiration:

a)

Expansion of the chest

b)

Compression of the chest

c)

Pip becomes less negative

d)

Palv becomes greater than Patm

e)

Ptp moves back toward pre inspiration value

52.

Match the following

a)

Increased Compliance

1.

Floppy Lungs

b)

Decreased Compliance

2.

Fibrinolytic Lungs

c)

Lung Volume on Y Axis

3.

Transpulmonary Pressure on X Axis

53.

Compliance is:

a)

Change in Lung Volume/(Palv-Pip)

b)

How easily the lungs can expand their volume for a given change in Ptp

c)

Less Compliant = Stiffer lungs, not as much air

d)

Alveoli that are already expanded will have less compliance

54.

T or F: Surfactant reduce surface tension which causes alveolar collapse.

a)

False

b)

True

55.

What is airway resistance dependent on?

a)

Diameter of the Bronchioles

b)

Compliance

c)

Surface Tension

d)

Surfactant

56.

What is the correct equation for airway resistance?

a)

R=length*viscosity/radius^4

b)

R=length*viscosity/radius^2

c)

R=length*viscosity/radius

d)

R=length*radius^4/viscosity

57.

Define alveolar ventilation:

a)

Amount of fresh air which reaches the alveoli each minute

b)

Amount of fresh air which reaches the alveoli each second

c)

Amount of air which leaves the alveoli each minute

d)

Amount of air which leaves the alveoli each second

58.

Match the following

a)

Volume of air inhaled and exhaled during a breathing cycle

1.

Tidal Volume (TV)

b)

Amount of air which can be inhaled with maximal effort

2.

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

c)

Amount of air which can be maximally exhaled

3.

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

d)

Amount of air left in the lungs following a maximal expiration

4.

Residual Volume (RV)

59.

Match the following

a)

IRV + TV + ERV; The total volume of air which can be inhaled and exhaled from the lungs

1.

Vital Capacity (VC)

b)

IRV + TV

2.

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

c)

RV + ERV; Amount of air in the lungs following expiration/normal breathing

3.

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

d)

RV + FRC; About 6L; Amount of air we move maximally into and out of the lungs

4.

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

60.

How do you calculate total dead space?

a)

Vd = Tidal Volume - (PEco2*TV)/Paco2

b)

Vd = Tidal Volume - (Paco2*TV)/PEco2

c)

Vd = (PEco2*TV)/Paco2- Tidal Volume

d)

Vd = (Paco2*TV)/PEco2 - Tidal Volume

61.

How do you calculate Alveolar Ventilation?

a)

Va = f(Tidal Volume-Dead Space Volume)

b)

f = breaths/minute

62.

Match the following

a)

21%

1.

Oxygen

b)

0.04%

2.

Carbon Dioxide

c)

(760-47)*21%=150 mmHg

3.

Inspired Oxygen

d)

100 mmHg

4.

Alveolar Air Oxygen

e)

40 mmHg

5.

Alveolar Air Carbon Dioxide

63.

Match the following

a)

Bronchiole: Dilate

Pulmonary Arteriole: (constrict)

Systemic Arteriole: dilate

1.

Increased Carbon Dioxide

b)

Bronchiole: constrict

Pulmonary Arteriole: (dilate)

Systemic Arteriole: constrict

2.

Decreased Carbon Dioxide

c)

Bronchiole: (constrict)

Pulmonary Arteriole: dilate

Systemic Arteriole: constrict

3.

Increased Oxygen

d)

Bronchiole: (dilate)

Pulmonary Arteriole: constrict

Systemic Arteriole: dilate

4.

Decreased Oxygen

64.

Match the following

a)

Low blood flow; Small amounts of ventilation

1.

Apex

b)

High blood flow; high amounts of ventilation

2.

Base

c)

Answer 3

3.

Answer 3

65.

What factors determine the diffusion of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide?

a)

Thickness

b)

Surface area

c)

Molecular weight

d)

Lipophilicity

66.

Describe the transport of Oxygen:

a)

Oxygen is dissolved in plasma

b)

Binds to Hb

c)

Transported to Cells

d)

D

e)

Remaining Oxygen is dissolved

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
67.

Match the following

a)

Right Curve Shift

1.

Decreased affinity for O2 --> More unloading at tissues

b)

Left Curve Shift

2.

Increased affinity for O2 --> Less unloading at tissues

c)

PO2

3.

Determines binding affinity

68.

Transport Mechanism for CO2:

a)

Cellular respiration in peripheral tissues

b)

Dissolved CO2 or Bound to Hb in RBC

c)

Becomes HCO3- or Transported to Lungs

d)

Dissolved CO2

1)
2)
3)
4)
69.

T or F: The Bohr effect is an increase in Oxygen that will lead to a decrease of CO2 binding to Hb

a)

True

b)

False

70.

Contract Peripheral and Central Chemoreceptors:

a)

Peripheral Chemoreceptors - Activated by low O2, Increased CO2, Low pH

b)

Central Chemoreceptors - Activated by low O2, Increased CO2, Low pH

c)

Peripheral Chemoreceptors - Activated by increased CO2

d)

Central Chemoreceptors - Activated by increased CO2

71.

Stretch Receptors:

a)

Reflex: Inspiration off, bronchodilation, tachycardia

b)

Smooth muscle of bronchioles and visceral pleura

c)

Free nerve endings in epithelial cells

d)

Reflex: Bronchiole constriction, shallow breathing, coughing, prolonged inspiration

72.

Irritant:

a)

Reflex: Inspiration off, bronchodilation, tachycardia

b)

Smooth muscle of bronchioles and visceral pleura

c)

Free nerve endings in epithelial cells

d)

Reflex: Bronchiole constriction, shallow breathing, coughing, prolonged inspiration

73.

What is Valsalva Maneuver?

a)

A breathing technique -- unclogs ears, restores heart rhythm

b)

Increases Intrathoracic Pressure

c)

Decreases Intrathoracic Pressure

d)

Reduction in Preload -- Reduce Heart Rate

e)

Lower blood pressure

74.

Which of the following are examples of Obstructive Diseases?

a)

Asthma (Wall Thickens)

b)

Emphysema (Tissue damage, loss of traction)

c)

Chronic Bronchitis (Blocked lumen, excessive secretion)

d)

Increased Fibrosis (Thickening of alveolar interstitial wall)

75.

Review this anatomy

a)

Yes

b)

No

76.

Match the following lung pressures

a)
1.

Normal Lungs at Rest

b)
2.

Normal Lungs Mid Inspiration

c)
3.

Normal Lungs during Peak Inhalation

77.

Which line represents a pH increase?

a)

Red

b)

Black

c)

Blue

d)

Green

e)

Yellow

78.

Which line represents anemia?

a)

Red

b)

Black

c)

Blue

d)

Green

e)

Yellow

79.

Which line represents a higher affinity for oxygen with decreased binding quantity?

a)

Red

b)

Black

c)

Blue

d)

Green

e)

Yellow

80.

Which line represents the body during exercise?

a)

Red

b)

Black

c)

Blue

d)

Green

e)

Yellow

81.

Which line represents fetal hemoglobin?

a)

Red

b)

Black

c)

Blue

d)

Green

e)

Yellow

82.

Match the following

a)

Prebotzinger

1.

Pacemaker of the respiratory system is located here

b)

PRG (Pontine)

2.

Regulates the actions medulla respiratory centers

c)

VRG

3.

Neurons from this region contact muscle used for inspiration and expiration

d)

DRG

4.

Neurons from this region regulate diaphragm contraction during quiet inspiration

83.

Determine the effect each of the following will have on alveolar ventilation?

a)

Decreased PCO2 to 35 mmHg

1.

Decrease

b)

Decreased PO2 to 90 mmHg or Decreased Hemoglobin (anemia)

2.

No change

c)

Decreased PO2 to 50 mmHg

3.

Increase

84.

Match the pressures in the locations indicated during the respiratory cycle with the normal expected value.

a)

Transpulmonary pressure in a resting lung at sea level

1.

5

b)

Atmospheric pressure during expiration

2.

0

c)

Alveolar pressure during mid expiration of a quiet expiration

3.

1

d)

Intrapluearal pressure during a forced inspiration

4.

-12

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