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Medical Physics

Total questions: 45

Worksheet time: 23mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

This type of particle is a high speed electron released from a nucleus that turns a neutron into a proton

a)

α particle\alpha\ particle  

b)

β−particle\beta^-particle  

c)

β+particle\beta^+particle  

d)

Gamma ray

2.

What device acts as the source and the detector of ultrasound waves

a)

A Transducer

b)

A Microphone

c)

A Speaker

d)

An Oscilloscope

3.
Sound travels at 1400m/s in water. If a ship sends a sonar signal to map the bottom of the ocean and it returns after 2 seconds, how deep is the ocean?
a)
700m
b)
1400m
c)
2800m
d)
6000m
4.

As an ultrasound pulse moves through tissue in a patient's body it will not undergo a change in

a)

Frequency

b)

Amplitude

c)

Phase

d)

Wavelength

5.

What is ultrasound?

a)

Sound waves above the range of human hearing

b)

Sound waves within the range of human hearing

c)

Sound waves below the range of human hearing

6.

Which scan is used to see fetal movement in pregnant women

a)

PET scan

b)

CT scan

c)

Ultrasound scan

d)

MRI scan

7.

Which of the following is the most penetrating wave on the EM spectrum?

a)

Microwave

b)

Radiowave

c)

Visible light

d)

Gamma rays

8.

Which of the following absorb x-rays the most?

a)

Soft tissue

b)

Organs

c)

Bones

d)

Skin

9.

CT scans give us more detailed 2-D and 3-D views of...

a)

Organs

b)

Bones

c)

Soft tissue

d)

Blood vessels

10.

During a CT scan, the x-ray detector rotates around you.

a)

True

b)

False

11.

Which of the following is a x-ray image?

a)
b)
c)
d)
12.

Which of the following is a CT scan image?

a)
b)
c)
d)
13.

What is the Piezo-Electric effect?

a)

Causing a crystal to shrink and expand at the same frequency using direct current

b)

Causing a crystal to shrink and expand at the same frequency using alternating current

c)

Causing a crystal to shrink and expand at the same frequency using alternating voltages

d)

Passing electricity through a body and giving it a charge

14.

Acoustic impedance is a product of ...

a)

Density x Distance

b)

Density x Voltage

c)

Speed of Sound x Distance

d)

Density x Speed of Sound

15.

The most common piezoelectric material used in ultrasound imaging is

a)

Quartz

b)

Barium Titanate

c)

Lead Metaniabate

d)

Lead Zirconate Titanate

16.

The purpose of the coupling gel is to

a)

Eliminate reflection at the skin's surface due to air

b)

Increase the impedance between the skin and transducer

c)

Decrease the wavelength of sound so that it will be transmitted better into the body

d)

All of the above

17.

A highly compressible medium, such as air, has a low speed of sound, while a less compressible medium, such as bone, has a higher speed of sound.

a)

True

b)

False

18.

A high-frequency ultrasound beam (small wavelength) provides better resolution and image detail than a low- frequency beam

a)

True

b)

False

19.

Calculate the HVT(half value thickness) for bone absorbing ultrasound if the coefficient of absorption is 0.13 cm-1.

a)

5.3 cm

b)

0.21 cm

c)

2.1 cm

d)

8.2 cm

20.

PET stands for (a)   Emission Tomography

21.

When an electron and positron meet and destroy each other it is called...

a)

destruction

b)

combustion

c)

emission

d)

annihilation

22.

Isotopes used in PET scanning should have a...

a)

very short half-life (seconds)

b)

long half-life (days)

c)

medium half life (minutes)

23.

The PET scanner detects at least three pairs of gamma rays to locate a tumour. This is called...

a)

detection

b)

triangulation

c)

echolocation

d)

annihilation

24.

PET scans use x-rays.

a)

True

b)

False

25.

PET scans require an incision.

a)

True

b)

False

26.

Which of the following lists the electromagnetic waves in order of increasing frequency?

a)

X-rays, visible light, radio waves

b)

gamma rays, microwaves, UV rays

c)

infrared rays, x-rays, gamma rays

d)

UV rays, visible light, gamma rays

27.

A wave with a high freqency will have a ______ wavelength and _____ energy

a)

short, low

b)

long, high

c)

short, high

d)

long, low

28.

PET scan patients are injected with a special substance called a

a)

gammatracer

b)

raytracer

c)

radiotracer

d)

UVtracer

29.

Radiotracers can be stored for a long time before they are used

a)

true

b)

false

30.

Small, focused doses of high energy radiation passes through the subject, casting a "shadow" on the machine's sensors

a)

MRI

b)

X-Ray

c)

CT

d)

PET

e)

Ultrasonography

31.

A sectional X-ray. Okay for soft tissues. Great for dense tissues.

a)

MRI

b)

X-Ray

c)

CT

d)

PET

e)

Ultrasonography

32.

high frequency vibrations are focused on the subject. The vibrations are reflected back to the sensor.

a)

MRI

b)

CT

c)

PET

d)

Ultrasonography

e)

X-Ray

33.

Which of the following is an X-ray

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
34.

Produces grainy images of soft tissues. Used exclusively on abdominal structures because it cannot pass through bone.

a)

MRI

b)

X-Ray

c)

CT

d)

PET

e)

Ultrasonography

35.

What is the usual frequency of waves used for ultrasound scanning?

a)

15 kHz

b)

<10 kHz

c)

12 kHz

d)

>20 kHz

36.

An X-rays beam passes through 2 cm of bone and 3 cm of soft-tissue. What is the ratio of transmitted intensity to incident intensity, ITI0\frac{I_{\text{T}}}{I_0} ? (μbone=3.0 cm−1, μmuscle=0.90 cm−1)\left(\mu_{\text{bone}}=3.0\ \text{cm}^{-1},\ \mu_{\text{muscle}}=0.90\ \text{cm}^{-1}\right)

a)

2.5×10−32.5\times10^{-3}  

b)

1.7×10−41.7\times10^{-4}  

c)

6.0×1036.0\times10^3  

d)

0.0670.067  

37.

What of the following are disadvantages of CT scan compared to conventional X-rays scan?

a)

better contrast

b)

more expensive

c)

CT image is 3D

d)

greater dose

38.

Fat has density 925 kg m−3. Speed of sound in fat is 1450 m s−1. What is the acoustic impedance of fat?

a)

0.34 × 106 kg m−2 s−1

b)

1.43 × 106 kg m−2 s−1

c)

1.34 × 106 kg m−2 s−1

d)

4.31 × 106 kg m−2 s−1

39.

A pulse of ultrasound is incident normally on the boundary of muscle and bone. What is the ratio of IrI0\frac{I_r}{I_0} where I0I_0 is incident intensity and IrI_r is reflected intensity?

( Zmuscle=1.7×106 kg m−2 s−1Z_{\text{muscle}}=1.7\times10^6\ \text{kg m}^{-2}\text{ s}^{-1} , Zbone=6.4×106 kg m−1s−2Z_{\text{bone}}=6.4\times10^6\ \text{kg m}^{-1}\text{s}^{-2} )

a)

0.66

b)

0.34

c)

0.58

d)

0.42

40.

What is a CAT scan?

a)

A scan for you cat

b)

Catalysed Anatomical Scanning - an X-Ray that detects higher rates of metabolic reactions

c)

Complete Arterial Topography - multiple X-Rays that take 3D images of the body's arterial topography

d)

Computerised Axial Tomography - multiple X-Ray images that can be combined to give 3D images

41.
In order to improve x-ray image quality and to minimise the radiation dosage...
a)
Keep the x ray source close to the patient.
Have a lead grid to absorb scattered rays.
Put the detection plate as close to the patient as possible.
b)
Keep the x ray source far away from the patient.
Have a lead grid to absorb as many x rays as possible.
Put the detection plate as close to the patient as possible.
c)
Keep the x ray source close to the patient.
Have a lead grid to absorb as many x rays as possible.
Put the detection plate as close to the patient as possible.
d)
Keep the x ray source far away from the patient.
Have a lead grid to absorb scattered rays.
Put the detection plate as close to the patient as possible.
42.
What substance absorbs the most X-ray radiation?
a)
Air
b)
Soft Tissue
c)
Bone
43.

The reason 2 gamma ray photons are produced during positron - electron annihilation is

a)

to balance the mass-energy

b)

to conserve momentum

c)

to conserve the total charge

d)

to balance the number of quarks

44.

The photon has an antiparticle

a)

called the lepton

b)

called the positron

c)

called the meson

d)

false

45.

Ensuring the x-ray beam is parallel and removing any scattered x-rays improves

a)

contrast

b)

depth of view

c)

brightness

d)

power

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