Free Printable Statistics Unit 1 Review

1.

A sample is a

a)

subset of the main population that has similar characteristics

b)

subset of the main population

c)

population of the study

d)

representation of the population

2.

If you were planning to study the differences in gender when it comes to procrastination in completing assignments. A good sampling technique to address gender equality is

a)

Simple random sampling

b)

Systematic sampling

c)

Stratified sampling

d)

Cluster sampling

3.

If you were conducting a qualitative case study and you feel that your neighbour and anyone that you can easily reach is also good enough then you are using a

a)

convenience sampling technique

b)

Cluster sampling technique

c)

Snowball sampling technique

d)

Stratified sampling technique

4.

If you select your sample based on preset criteria or characteristic then you are using

a)

Judgmental sampling

b)

Snowball sampling

c)

Simple random sampling

d)

quota sampling

5.

What do we call the non-probability sampling that involves the sample being drawn from that part of the population that is close at hand?

a)

Convenience Sampling

b)

Simple Random Sampling

c)

Systematic Sampling

d)

Cluster Sampling

6.

What do we call the probability sampling in which the researcher randomly selects a subset of participants from a population?

a)

Convenience Sampling

b)

Cluster Sampling

c)

Simple Random Sampling

d)

Stratified Sampling

7.

What do we call probability sampling method in which sample members from a larger population are selected according to a random starting point but with a fixed, periodic interval?

a)

Cluster Sampling

b)

Convenience Sampling

c)

Stratified Sampling

d)

Systematic Sampling

8.

What do we call a sample that is drawn from a number of separate strata of the population, rather than at random from the whole population, in order that it should be representative?

a)

Systematic Sample

b)

Stratified Sample

c)

Simple Random Sample

d)

Convenience Sample

9.

What type of sampling occurs when researchers divide a population into smaller groups, then randomly select among these groups to form a sample?

a)

Cluster Sampling

b)

Simple Random Sampling

c)

Convenience Sampling

d)

Systematic Sampling

10.

You want to gain data about the standardized test scores for all the fifth graders in your county. You have access to lists of fifth graders at other local schools and decide to sample randomly from groups of these fifth graders. What type of sampling did you use?

a)

Simple Random Sampling

b)

Convenience Sampling

c)

Cluster Sampling

d)

Stratified Sampling

11.

You want to survey some local people about changes to the county's transit system. You spend the day at a nearby movie theatre, and survey the people who are leaving. What type of sampling was this?

a)

Simple Random Sampling

b)

Systematic Sampling

c)

Stratified Sampling

d)

Convenience Sampling

12.

You are going to poll a sample of students at your school about their views on recess. You put all 300 students' names into a hat, and pull out 30 of them to survey. What type of sampling is this?

a)

Simple Random Sampling

b)

Systematic Sampling

c)

Cluster Sampling

d)

Stratified Sampling

13.

A political pollster wants to survey the population in your state on how they will vote in the next election. They take a list of all the registered voters and send the survey to every fifth person on the list. What kind of sampling is this?

a)

Convenience Sampling

b)

Systematic Sampling

c)

Simple Random Sampling

d)

Stratified Sampling

14.

What kind of sampling are we using if we first divide our population into groups based upon some factor like age, gender, or voting preference?

a)

Stratified Sampling

b)

Systematic Sampling

c)

Simple Random Sampling

d)

Cluster Sampling

15.

A ______ is the entire set of objects from which data might be collected

a)

sample

b)

population

c)

sample statistic

d)

population characteristic

16.

A _______ is a subset or part of the population that you can collect data from.

a)

sample

b)

population

c)

sample statistic

d)

population characteristic

17.

True or False:

All samples lead to a good prediction about the entire population.

a)

True

b)

False

18.

A student wants to know which type of of pizza middle school students prefer. Which of the following options is a good, representative sample of the population?

a)

Asking all of the 5th graders

b)

Asking 20 students from each grade level in the middle school

c)

Asking all of the teachers

d)

Asking the students who walk to school each day

19.

A beverage company wants to see if people in the United States like their new logo. Which of the following represents the population?

a)

2,000 middle school students

b)

A selection of logo designers

c)

A selection of shoppers from different states

d)

All of the people in the United States

20.

A beverage company wants to see if people in the United States like their new logo. Which of the following would be the best selection for a sample.

a)

2,000 middle school students

b)

A selection of logo designers

c)

A selection of shoppers from different states

d)

All of the people in the United States

21.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why random samples are preferred over surveying the entire population.

a)

A random sample allows you to survey whoever you are friends with

b)

Surveying the entire country may cost too much money

c)

Surveying the entire population may take too much time

d)

Surveying the entire country may be difficult if everyone does not respond

22.

For which of the following situations would you want to collect a sample rather than surveying the entire population?

a)

The typical number of home runs for a player on the local baseball team

b)

How many students in our class like mushrooms on pizza

c)

How many students in our class have more than one pet

d)

The median price of homes in Ohio

23.

A toy store owner wants to know how much kids spend each month on toys. Which choice is the best representation of the population?

a)

220 wealthy kids

b)

All kids who buy toys

c)

100 boys between ages 8 to 12

d)

125 girls between ages 4 to 10

24.

Ana wants to know the average student’s opinion of the tardy policy at her school. Which group of students should she survey in order to achieve the most accurate results?

a)

30 of her friends

b)

30 randomly selected students in the school

c)

30 students who are often tardy

d)

30 students who are often on time

25.

A school principal wants to see which subject the 695 students in his school liked best. Which choice BEST represents a representative sample?

a)

All girls in the school

b)

All students who have an A in Social Studies

c)

All students who are failing science

d)

1 class from each grade level

26.

True or False:

You want to see how many students take the bus home from school. You go to the bus stop and ask students how they get home everyday. This is a good, representation of the population.

a)

True

b)

False

27.

Interview every 10th student who enters the school in the morning.

a)

simple random

b)

voluntary response

c)

systematic

d)

convenience

28.

Assign each car in a dealership a number and then use a random-number table to select the cars to be inspected.

a)

systematic

b)

simple random sample

c)

convenience

d)

Self - selected (volunteer)

29.

Political webpages often allow readers to rate (if they want to) whether they strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the President's decision on any given situation. This is a form of:

a)

Self-Selected

b)

Convenience Sampling

c)

Simple Random Sampling

d)

Systematic Random Sampling

30.

Marianne wanted to know students' opinion on the new schedule at school. She survey's the first 30 students who come into her class.

a)

Convenience Sampling

b)

Systematic Random Sampling

c)

Simple Random Sampling

d)

Volunteer response

31.

Disneyland often surveys its guests as they exit a restaurant during their visit. The surveyor stands at the restaurant exit, counts the number of people leaving, and surveys every 25th guest.
This is a form of:

a)

Simple Random Sample

b)

Stratified Random Sample

c)

Voluntary Response

d)

Systematic Random Sampling

32.

A teacher wants to know the average time spent doing homework by the students in her class of 20 girls and 5 boys.

She selects the first five who raise their hands.

a)

Systematic

b)

Convenience

c)

Self Selected

d)

Simple Random

33.

A teacher wants to know the average time spent doing homework by the students in her class of 20 girls and 5 boys.

She selects the five closest to her desk.

a)

simple random

b)

Self Selected.

c)

Convenience

d)

Systematic Random

34.

A teacher wants to know the average time spent doing homework by the students in her class of 20 girls and 5 boys.

She picks the student in every 5th seat.

a)

Simple Random

b)

Systematic

c)

voluntary response

d)

convenience

35.

An independent research company wants to go door to door to survey people in the city of Fontana. The company decides to number all blocks within the city limit, randomly choose 1 block and survey all households on that block.

This is an example of:

a)

Simple Random Sample

b)

Stratified Random Sample

c)

Cluster Random Sample

d)

Systematic Random Sampling

36.

A teacher hands out an index card and asks ALL of her students to write down the following information: age, height (in inches), and what grade they are in.

Which of the following best describes her method of data collection?

a)

Census

b)

Simple Random Sample

c)

Cluster Random Sample

d)

Stratified Random Sample

37.

A ___ is a large group that includes everything being studied.

a)

Sample

b)

Stratified Sampling Method

c)

Population

d)

Voluntary-Response

38.

A ___ is a small portion of the population used to gather data from.

a)

Systematic Sampling Method

b)

Sample

c)

Population

d)

Bias

39.

A teacher wants to know how well her students are doing on a topic. She randomly picks one class to survey.

a)

Simple Random

b)

Cluster

c)

Stratified

d)

Systematic

40.

A teacher splits her classes up by period. She then randomly picks 3 students from each period to do a survey.

a)

Stratified.

b)

Systematic

c)

Cluster

d)

Biased.

41.

To learn about teenagers' opinions of different social media platforms, a survey was given to students of one high school. This sample is...

a)

representative

b)

biased

c)

random

42.

An employer wants to know how their 500 employees like working for them. Which is the most representative sample?

a)

Ask the first 75 people to show up for work

b)

Randomly select the names of 10 employees

c)

Poll the Employees of the Month for the past year

d)

Randomly select the names of 75 employees

43.

To find out what sort of events they should plan, the student government officers at Truth send a survey to 30 students whose names were randomly selected. The population they are interested in is...

a)

The 30 students who were sent the survey

b)

Only the students who respond to the survey

c)

All students at Truth

d)

All middle school students in DC

44.

To find out what sort of events they should plan, the student government officers at Truth send a survey to 30 students whose names were randomly selected. The sample is...

a)

The 30 students who were sent the survey

b)

All students at Truth

c)

The student government officers

45.

Which is an example of a random sample?

a)

Polling the first 10 people who enter a room

b)

Asking a survey question to people who call in

c)

Drawing 10 names from a hat

46.

Why should samples be randomly selected?

a)

for control

b)

to reduce bias

c)

so we don't get the same answers from everyone

47.

A _______ is a part of a the group we are interested in gathering data on that is being surveyed.

a)

Representative

b)

Population

c)

Sample

48.

A _________ is a sample in which each individual or object in the entire population has an equal chance of being selected.

a)

Sample

b)

Population

c)

Random Sample

d)

Bias

49.

The process of gathering information/data from EACH member of the population.

a)

Census

b)

Interview

c)

Survey

d)

Questionnaire

50.

Determine if the following study is biased.

Carlos wants to know the favorite sport of people at his school so he asks his baseball team.

a)

A. Biased

b)

B. Unbiased

51.

Determine if the following study is biased.

A public library asked every 10th person who entered to name the type of book they were getting.

a)

A. Biased

b)

B. Unbiased

52.

_______ is the entire group of objects or individuals considered for a survey.

a)

Sample

b)

Quartile

c)

Random Sample

d)

Population

53.

True or False: all samples lead to a good prediction about an entire population.

a)

True

b)

False

54.

What is the difference between a sample and a population?

a)

Populations only consider a portion of the sample being studied.

b)

Samples only consider a portion of the population being studied.

c)

Populations do not always represent the entire group of people in question.

d)

Samples are generally much larger than populations.

55.

What is a survey?

a)

process of collecting statistical data from a small group of a population

b)

Statistics collected from an entire population

c)

An element or feature that can vary

d)

A person chosen from a population

56.

What is data?

a)

The practise of collecting and analysing data

b)

The factual information collected from a survey or other source

c)

An element or feature that can vary

d)

A group chosen from a population

57.

Runners after an ultramarathon commonly develop respiratory infections. We want to know if taking 600 milligrams of vitamin C daily will reduce these infections. Researchers randomly assigned 100 ultramarathon runners to receive either vitamin C or placebo. All subjects were watched for 14 days after the big race to see if infections developed. What are the possible lurking variables?

a)

Age of the runner

b)

weight of the runner

c)

gender of the runner

d)

all of the above

58.

Runners after an ultramarathon commonly develop respiratory infections. We want to know if taking 600 milligrams of vitamin C daily will reduce these infections. Researchers randomly assigned 100 ultramarathon runners to receive either vitamin C or placebo. All subjects were watched for 14 days after the big race to see if infections developed. The type of design used here?

a)

matched pairs

b)

randomized block

c)

completely randomized

d)

stratified

59.

Can pleasant aromas help a student learn better? Two researchers believed that the presence of a floral scent could improve a person's learning ability in certain situations. They had 22 people work through a pencil-and-paper maze 6 times. Three of the times they wore a floral-scented mask and three times they wore an unscented mask. The three trials for each mask followed one another. Testers measures the length of time it took subjects to complete each of the six trials. They reported that, on average, subjects wearing the floral-scented mask completed the maze more quickly that those wearing the unscented mask, although, the difference was not statistically significant. This study is:

a)

a convenience sample

b)

an oberservational study

c)

an experiment, but not double-blind

d)

a double-blind experiment

60.

The most important advantage of experiments over observational studies is that

a)

A) experiments are usually easier to carry out

b)

B)Experiments can usually give better evidence of causation

c)

C) Confounding cannot happen in experiments

d)

D) Observational studies cannot use random samples

61.

In order to perform an experiment using 60 members of a gym, I first divide the list of members into men and women because I feel that the results will be different based on gender. I then randomly choose 30 men and 30 women. I assign half of the men to the treatment group and half to the control group. I repeat this procedure with the women. This is an example of a:

a)

randomized comparative design

b)

blocking design

c)

matched pairs design

d)

double blind simple random sample

62.

Why do we randomize in an experiment or a survey?

a)

Because we have to

b)

It helps reduce the effects of confounding variables

c)

It eliminates all possible confounding variables

d)

It makes sampling easier

63.

Identify the design for the experiment

a)

completely randomized, the factor is pesticide

b)

randomized block, blocked on tree type, the factor is pesticide

c)

This experiment is single blind, blocked by pesticide

d)

The experiment is double blind, the factors are tree type and pesticide

64.

The Women's Health Study randomly assigned nearly 40,000 women over the age of 45 to receive either aspirin or a placebo for over 10 years to examine the effect of aspirin on cancer risk to healthy women. This long-term trial was best conducted as:

a)

a census.

b)

an observational study.

c)

a randomized comparative experiment.

d)

a single-blind randomized comparative experiment.

e)

a double-blind randomized comparative experiment.

65.

In the previous problem, supposed that the researchers suspected that women over the age of 55 may respond differently to the treatment. Given that a random sample of 40,000 women over the age of 45 has already been chosen, the study would have been improved by:

a)

a stratified sample, with strata determined by age.

b)

a stratified sample, with strata determined by gender.

c)

a block design, with blocks determined by age.

d)

a block design, with blocks determined by gender.

e)

a double-blind completely randomized design.

66.

Researchers were interested to know whether internal vehicle temperatures vary by outside temperatures. To evaluate this, temperature rise was measured continuously over a 60-minute period in a dark SUV on 16 different clear, sunny days with outside temperatures ranging from 72^oF to 96^oF. The researchers' method of analysis is best described as:

a)

a census.

b)

a survey.

c)

an observational study.

d)

a randomized comparative experiment.

e)

a single-blind randomized comparative experiment.

67.

Respondents to a randomly distributed questionnaire answered the question, "do you agree that nuclear weapons should never be used because they are immoral?" The study that uses the results of this questionnaire will most likely suffer from which types(s) of bias?

a)

undercoverage

b)

voluntary response

c)

response

d)

nonresponse

e)

all of the above

68.

A statistics teacher decides to compare this year's students to all those she has taught over the history of the course. She will use the students' examination performances as the method of comparison. Which of the following is true in this context?

a)

The mean performance of this year's students is a parameter.

b)

The mean performance of this year's students is a statistic.

c)

The mean of all except this year's students is a parameter.

d)

The mean of all students is a statistic.

e)

None of these is true.

69.

Left-handedness is the preference for the left hand over the right for everyday activities such as writing. Studies indicate that about 93% of the population may be characterized as right-handed. Researchers would like to conduct a study to determine if left-handed teens differ significantly in their ability to memorize facts than right-handed teens.

The explanatory variable in this study is:

a)

ability to memorize facts.

b)

age.

c)

handedness.

d)

researchers.

e)

none of the above.

70.

Left-handedness is the preference for the left hand over the right for everyday activities such as writing. Studies indicate that about 93% of the population may be characterized as right-handed. Researchers would like to conduct a study to determine if left-handed teens differ significantly in their ability to memorize facts than right-handed teens.

A random-number table is used to simulate the number of teens selected before a left-handed teen is found. A proper assignment of digits is:

a)

let the digits 0-6 represent a left-handed teen and 7-99 represent a right-handed teen; ignore repeats of numbers 7-99 until you get a number from 0-6.

b)

let the digits 0-6 represent a left-handed teen and 7-99 represent a right-handed teen; count repeats of number 7-99 and continue until you get a number from 0-6.

c)

let the digits 00-06 represent a left-handed teen and 07-99 represent a right-handed teen; ignore repeats of numbers 07-99 until you get a number from 00-06.

d)

let the digits 00-06 represent a left-handed teen and 07-99 represent a right-handed teen; count repeats of numbers 07-99 and continue until you get a number from 00-06.

e)

let the digits 01-07 represent a left-handed teen and 08-100 represent a right-handed teen; count repeats of numbers 08-100 and continue until you get a number from 01-07.

71.

Left-handedness is the preference for the left hand over the right for everyday activities such as writing. Studies indicate that about 93% of the population may be characterized as right-handed. Researchers would like to conduct a study to determine if left-handed teens differ significantly in their ability to memorize facts than right-handed teens.

Suppose the researchers concluded that the average number of words memorized by left-handed teens was statistically significantly higher than the average number memorized by right-handed teens. In this context, statistically significant means that:

a)

the number of words memorized by left-handed students exceeded the number memorized by right-handed students.

b)

the average number of words memorized by left-handed students exceeded the average number memorized by right-handed students.

c)

right-handed students tend to not do as well as left-handed students in memorizing words.

d)

it would be unlikely to observe an average difference as large as was observed by chance variation.

e)

a randomized, controlled experiment was conducted.

72.

Pollsters are interested in conducting a survey to determine if students who belonged to an online social network during college continued with it after graduation. They plan to randomly select 50 people from a list of registered voters. A problem with the proposed plan is that the:

a)

sampling frame may be different from the population of interest.

b)

sample size is too small.

c)

sample is a systematic random sample.

d)

sample was not stratified by political party.

e)

sampling design should incorporate multistage sampling.

73.

The purpose of randomization in an experiment is to:

a)

make the experiment seem fair.

b)

make the treatment groups as similar as possible.

c)

make the treatment groups as different as possible.

d)

create the blocks in an experiment.

e)

reduce variability within treatment groups.

74.

Source of bias in which people CHOOSE to respond and usually only people with very strong opinions respond

a)

Response Bias

b)

Undercoverage

c)

Convenience Sampling

d)

Voluntary Response

75.

Source of bias in which some groups of populations are LEFT OUT of the selection process

a)

Response Bias

b)

Undercoverage

c)

Convenience Sampling

d)

Voluntary Response

76.

Source of bias that occurs when you ask people who are EASY to ask

a)

Response Bias

b)

Convenience Sampling

c)

Nonresponse

d)

Voluntary Response

77.

Marianne wanted to know students' opinion on the new schedule at school. She places students' names in a container and randomly picks out 20 names.

a)

Convenience Sampling

b)

Systematic Random Sampling

c)

Simple Random Sampling

d)

Volunteer response

78.

Why do we randomly select our samples?

a)

for control

b)

reduce bias

c)

so we don't get the same answers from everyone

d)

to eliminate confounding results

79.

The teacher samples her class by selecting all students sitting at group 1 and group 5 in her classroom. This sampling technique is called?

a)

SRS

b)

Stratified

c)

Systematic

d)

Cluster

80.

At a middle school, the 7th graders will conduct a survey for where to go on a field trip. Which method will result in the least biased decision?

a)

to randomly ask 8th grade students who went on a field trip last year

b)

to randomly choose some 7th grade students to select a location

c)

to ask all 7th grade teachers and administrators for a location

d)

to ask the student council to choose a location

81.

Each student in the school is given a different number. A student is randomly selected from the first 25. That student and every 25^th student thereafter are in the sample. This is what type of sampling design?

a)

SRS

b)

Systematic

c)

Multistage

d)

Stratitfied

82.

An SRS of 25 students is taken from each grade to form the sample. This is what type of sampling design?

a)

Cluster

b)

SRS

c)

Stratified

d)

Multistage

83.

Starting at 8:00 Monday morning the first 50 students entering the front doors are selected to be in the sample. This is what type of sampling design?

a)

Systematic

b)

Voluntary Response

c)

Cluster

d)

Convenience

84.

A ___ is a small portion of the population used to gather data from.

a)

Systematic Sampling Method

b)

Sample

c)

Population

d)

Bias

85.

Strata are

a)

homogeneous

b)

heterogeneous

c)

heterozygous

d)

heterophonous

86.

Identify the sampling design: SCPS wants to survey its employees. They pick 4 schools from the county and survey every single employee in each of the 4 buildings.

a)

cluster

b)

volunteer

c)

systematic

d)

simple random

87.

Which is not a method of random selection?

a)

Using a table of random digits

b)

Using a random number generator

c)

Drawing numbers out of a hat

d)

Randomly pointing to numbers on a page

88.

Which sampling method reduces variability?

a)

SRS

b)

Stratified

c)

Cluster

d)

Systematic

89.

Frannie and Fiona collect data comparing students' GPA and how many hours per week they spend doing extracurricular activities. This is best described as a(n)

a)

observational study

b)

matched pairs design

c)

experiment

d)

survey

90.

To check the effect of hot temperatures on the elasticity of two brands of rubber bands, one box of Brand A and one box of Brand B rubber bands are tested. Ten bands from the Brand A box are placed in a warm car in the sun for two hours and ten bands from the Brand B box are kept at room temperature. The amount of stretch before the breakage is measured on each rubber band, and the mean for the hot bands is compared to the mean for the others. Is this a good experimental design?

a)

No, because the means are not proper statistics for comparison.

b)

No, because more than two brands should be used.

c)

No, because more temperatures should be used.

d)

No, because temperature is confounded with brand.

e)

Yes

91.

Compare the grades on a final math test of 25 students who use calculators and 25 students who do not use calculators. The students decide which group they are in.

a)

Experiment

b)

Observational Study

92.

210 college students were randomly assigned to play either a violent or nonviolent video game. A short time later, the students were presented with the opportunity to trivially harm another person and results comparing the two groups were recorded.
Is this study OBSERVATIONAL or EXPERIMENTAL?

a)

Observational

b)

Experimental

93.

A reading specialist in a large public school system believes that the more time students spend reading, the better they will do in school. She plans a middle school experiment in which an SRS of 30 eighth graders will be assigned four extra hours of reading per week, and SRS of 30 seventh graders will be assigned two extra hours or reading per week, and an SRS of 30 sixth graders with no extra assigned reading will be a control group. After one school year, the mean GPAs from each group will be compared. Is this a good experimental design?

a)

Yes

b)

No, because while this design may point out an association between reading and GPA, it cannot establish a cause-and-effect relationship.

c)

No, because without blinding, there is a strong chance of a placebo effect.

d)

No, because any conclusion would be flawed because of blocking bias.

e)

No, because grade level is a lurking variable which may well be confounded with the variables under consideration.

94.

Situation: Acme Medicine is conducting an experiment to test a new vaccine, developed to immunized people against the common cold. To compare any effects from the vaccine, Acme Medicine researchers will also administer a placebo. To test the vaccine, Acme gathered 1000 volunteers - 500 men and 500 women. The participants range in age from 21 to 70.

Question: Who are the subjects?

a)

Common Cold

b)

1000 volunteers

c)

500 men and 500 women ages 21 to 70.

95.

Situation: Acme Medicine is conducting an experiment to test a new vaccine, developed to immunized people against the common cold. To compare any effects from the vaccine, Acme Medicine researchers will also administer a placebo. To test the vaccine, Acme gathered 1000 volunteers - 500 men and 500 women. The participants range in age from 21 to 70.

Question: What is the factor?

a)

Common Cold

b)

New Vaccine

c)

Immune Response to vaccine

96.

Situation: Acme Medicine is conducting an experiment to test a new vaccine, developed to immunized people against the common cold. To compare any effects from the vaccine, Acme Medicine researchers will also administer a placebo. To test the vaccine, Acme gathered 1000 volunteers - 500 men and 500 women. The participants range in age from 21 to 70.

Question: How many treatments are there? Describe them.

a)

1 treatment: The Vaccine

b)

2 treatments: The Vaccine and The Placebo

c)

3 Treatments: The Vaccine, The Placebo and The Common Cold.

97.

Situation: Acme Medicine is conducting an experiment to test a new vaccine, developed to immunized people against the common cold. To compare any effects from the vaccine, Acme Medicine researchers will also administer a placebo. To test the vaccine, Acme gathered 1000 volunteers - 500 men and 500 women. The participants range in age from 21 to 70.

Question: What is the response variable?

a)

To what degree are the volunteers immunized against the common cold?

b)

How do men and women respond differently to the placebo?

c)

How much of the vaccine can the volunteers tolerate?

98.

Situation: Acme Medicine is conducting an experiment to test a new vaccine, developed to immunized people against the common cold. To compare any effects from the vaccine, Acme Medicine researchers will also administer a placebo. To test the vaccine, Acme gathered 1000 volunteers - 500 men and 500 women. The participants range in age from 21 to 70.

Question: Is there any blindness in the experiment? What level?

a)

No Blindness to either the researcher or the participants

b)

Single Blind: the researchers do not know who received the placebo.

c)

Single Blind: the participants do not know if they received the placebo.

d)

Double Blind: the researchers nor the participants know know who received the placebo.

99.

Consider the following design: The experimenter randomly assigned participants to one of two treatment conditions. They received a placebo or they received the vaccine.

Question: What design type is this?

a)

Completely Randomized

b)

Matched Pairs

c)

Randomized Blocking

100.

Consider the following design: Participants are assigned to blocks, based on gender. Then, within each block, participants are randomly assigned to treatments. For this design, 250 men get the placebo, 250 men get the vaccine, 250 women get the placebo, and 250 women get the vaccine.

Question: What design type is this?

a)

Completely Randomized

b)

Matched Pairs

c)

Randomized Blocking

101.

Consider the following design: The 1000 participants are grouped into 500 pairs based on gender and age. For example, Pair 1 might be two women, both age 21. Pair 2 might be two women, both age 22, and so on. Then, within each pair, participants are randomly assigned to different treatments.

Question: What design type is this?

a)

Completely Randomized

b)

Matched Pairs

c)

Randomized Blocking

102.

Select the true statements.

a)

In an experiment, one variable is manipulated and the responses are measured.

b)

In an observational study, no variables are manipulated however at least one variable is measured.

c)

Observational studies and experiments are both used to gather data and draw conclusions.

d)

All of the above.

103.

In an experiment, who are the "subjects"?

a)

The people conducting the experiment.

b)

The individuals taking part in the experiment.

c)

The topic of the experiment.

d)

The people funding the experiment.

104.

An experiment compares the taste of a new spaghetti sauce with the taste of a successful spaghetti sauce. Each of a number of tasters tastes both sauces (in random order) an says which is better. This is called a(n)...

a)

observational study.

b)

matched pairs design experiment.

c)

randomized comparative experiment.

d)

block design experiment.

105.

Medical experiments, such as one to compare aspirin with a placebo for preventing heart attacks, are often double blind. This means that...

a)

neither the subject nor the doctors know which treatment the patient received.

b)

subjects choose which treatment they get, but do not tell the doctors.

c)

all individual data are kept confidential.

d)

subjects are told either their treatment or their medical condition.

106.

Corn variety #1 yielded 140 bushels per acre last year at a research farm. This year, corn variety #2, planted in the same location, yielded only 110 bushels per acre. Unfortunately, we don't know whether the difference is due to the superiority of variety #1 or to the effect of this year's drought. This is an example of...

a)

random sampling error.

b)

nonsampling error.

c)

confounding.

d)

the placebo effect.

107.

A study compares the effect on college students of two different TV advertisements for spring break in Gulf Shores, Alabama. Call the ads "Ad #1" and "Ad #2". We want to know which ad makes more students want to visit Gulf Shores during spring break. The subjects are 90 students taking a course in hotel management. The design of the study looks like the picture above.
What is the statistical name for this study design?

a)

Observational study

b)

simple random sample.

c)

randomized comparative experiment.

d)

matched-pairs experiment.

108.

A study compares the effect on college students of two different TV advertisements for spring break in Gulf Shores, Alabama. Call the ads "Ad #1" and "Ad #2". We want to know which ad makes more students want to visit Gulf Shores during spring break. The subjects are 90 students taking a course in hotel management. The design of the study looks like the picture above.
The method used to form the groups appears in the diagram at the point marked "Question A". This method is...

a)

Men in Group 1, Women in Group 2

b)

Students chose which group they want.

c)

Voluntary assignment

d)

Random assignment.

109.

A study compares the effect on college students of two different TV advertisements for spring break in Gulf Shores, Alabama. Call the ads "Ad #1" and "Ad #2". We want to know which ad makes more students want to visit Gulf Shores during spring break. The subjects are 90 students taking a course in hotel management. The design of the study looks like the picture above.
What is Group 2's treatment (at the point marked "Question B)?

a)

a placebo

b)

Ad #2

c)

One of the ads, chosen at random.

d)

Watch TV but see no advertisement

110.

A study compares the effect on college students of two different TV advertisements for spring break in Gulf Shores, Alabama. Call the ads "Ad #1" and "Ad #2". We want to know which ad makes more students want to visit Gulf Shores during spring break. The subjects are 90 students taking a course in hotel management. The design of the study looks like the picture above.
The response variable should be named in the outline at (Question C). The response variable in this study is...

a)

whether a student wants to visit Gulf Shores.

b)

which advertisement a student watched.

c)

90 college students.

d)

Ad #2

111.

A study compares the effect on college students of two different TV advertisements for spring break in Gulf Shores, Alabama. Call the ads "Ad #1" and "Ad #2". We want to know which ad makes more students want to visit Gulf Shores during spring break. The subjects are 90 students taking a course in hotel management. The design of the study looks like the picture above.
A weakness of this study is...

a)

This is an observational study, so we can't conclude that the ad viewed causes the response.

b)

The double-blind technique was not used.

c)

Because the students all come from one course, the findings may not extend to all college students.

d)

There is no placebo group.

112.

Why do we conduct statistical studies (both experiments and observation studies)?

a)

To draw conculsions about a population

b)

To pass time

c)

To draw conculsions about a sample

d)

Because we are told to do so

113.

The most important advantage of experiments over observational studies is that...

a)

experiments are usually easier to carry out than observational studies.

b)

experiments can give better evidence of causation.

c)

confounding cannot happen in experiments.

d)

an observational study cannot have a response variable.

114.

A survey is typical of which general study types

a)

Experimental

b)

Crossover

c)

Observational

d)

Self-controlled

115.

A typical method used in an observational study is

a)

Survey

b)

Randomization

c)

Crossover

d)

Intervention

Statistics Unit 1 Review

Total questions: 115

Worksheet time: 2hrs 9mins

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