What are the Phylogeny of the three distinct domains of life?

All _____ share certain common features.

What are the two types of cells?

What are the three distinct parts of Eukaryotic cell?

Have membrane-bound organelles.

Endocytosis and exocytosis are observed in ______.

Mostly, anaerobic metabolism happens in ________.

The protein synthesis of the ________ occurs both in the cytoplasm and rER.

The DNA of _______ are large and found in nucleus.

RNA are simple and usually found in the cytoplasm

RNA are nuclear and complicated.

Unicellular organisms

Either unicellular or multicellular organisms.

Bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles.

It includes archaebacteria, plants, animals, fungi and worms.

It include bacteria.

The Prokaryotic Cell composed of:

In Prokaryotic Cell, the structures and genetic information in the form of one or more DNA are suspended in it.

In Prokaryotic Cell, molecular machinery for protein synthesis

Aid in attaching the organism to other cells or surfaces

Enable cells to swim

What are the three distinct parts of Eukaryotic cell

Portion of the cell enclosed by the cell membrane and outside the nucleus where the cellular organelles are found

Most of the biochemical reactions happens in the ______.

What are the three major parts of the cytoplasm?

It is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm. Some biochemical reactions also occur in this.

Tiny structures that perform different functions in the cell.

Gives shape and support to cell

Compositions of Cytoskeleton

Functions of Cytoskeleton

Three most important organelles:

The most important and the largest eukaryotic organelle.

Repository and cellular localization of storage, replication and expression of genetic information.

Contains almost 99% of the cell DNA

Evolved from Endosymbiosis Theory

Production of energy (ATP)

Found only in green plants and green algae.

Photosynthesis

What are the other organelles?

It is the network of membrane-enclosed tubules and channels in the cytoplasm.

It is continuous with the nuclear membrane.

Specialized set of membranes derived from ER which looks like a stack off flattened sacs

For modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and other materials

It is a type of ER without ribosomes, site of carbohydrate and lipid synthesis and helps to detoxify certain compounds.

It is a type of ER coated with ribosomes and for protein synthesis.

Three parts of Vesicular Organelles

It is common in animal cells but rare in plant cells

Involved in the breakdown of very long chain fatty acids

Contain the enzyme catalase

Transport substances tot eh cell surface for release

Selectively isolates the cell's contents from the external environment.

It regulates the exchange of essential substances between the cell's contents and the external environment.

It communicates with other cells

3 compositions of plasma membrane:

Fluid portion of the membrane, maintaining fluidity

3 Categories of Proteins

Regulate movement of hydrophilic molecules through the plasma membrane.

Trigger cellular responses when specific molecules in the extracellular fluid bind to them.

Channel proteins

Carrier proteins

Serve as identification tags and cell-surface attachment sites.

Glycoproteins

2 parts of Phospholipid Bilayer

Membrane proteins with attached carbohydrates

Enabling the immune system to detect foreign cells, such as invading bacteria, which carry different glycoproteins.

Acts as a stabilizer that limits the movement of phospholipids layers, which slide back and forth in the membrane.

The transfer of solutes and information across membranes.

Three classifications of Cell Membrane Transport

Cross-membrane movement of small molecules

Transport that does not require energy

Movement of solute is along the concentration gradient

Creation depends on the following:

1. Chemical gradient

2. Transmembrane electrical gradient

Cross-membrane movement of small molecules

The movement of solute is against the concentration gradient.

Cross-membrane movement of small molecules

Involves energy utilization through ATP hydrolysis

Three types of Passive Transport

Without membrane protein

Movement of solutes down its electrochemical gradient due to random thermal movement or simply because the solute is permeable through the lipid bilayer because it is small enough

Movement of solutes down its electrochemical gradient through either transporters or ion channels (membrane proteins)

Diffusion of water across membranes

Movement of water from the area of higher WATER concentration to region of lower WATER concentration.

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Solute accumulation coupled directly to an exergonic chemical reaction such as breakdown of ATP

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Occurs when endergonic (uphill) transport of one solute is coupled to an exergonic (downhill) flow of a different solute that was originally pumped uphill by a primary active transport.

ATP-medicated; in micelle form

Cross-membrane movement of large molecules

Plasma membrane engulfs the fluid droplet or particle and pinches off a membranous sac

Cross-membrane movement of large molecules

Moves material out of the cell

TYPES OF ENDOCYTOSIS

Tiny vesicle only

TYPES OF ENDOCYTOSIS

LDL receptors

TYPES OF ENDOCYTOSIS

Picking up large particles, including microorganisms

DIRECTION MOVEMENT

Moves one type of molecule bidirectionally

DIRECTION MOVEMENT

Transport of one solute depends upon the stoichiometric simultaneous or sequential transfer of another solute.

Type of co-transport system that moves these solutes in the same direction

Type of co-transport system that move two molecules in opposite directions