WorksheetsBio/A&P Chapter 1-5
Total questions: 93
Worksheet time: 2hrs 33mins
The study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another
Anatomy
Physiology
Mitosis
Tissuse
The study of how each of the body's structures work
Anatomy
ions
Physiology
organisms
What are the three parts of gross anatomy
Regional - all structures in one part of the body
Surface - internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin
systemic - anatomy studied by system
Histology - study of tissues
What are the two parts to microscopic anatomy
Embryology - development before birth
cytology - study of the cell
cells make up all living things
histology - study of tissues
Developmental anatomy = structural changes during life
True
false
What is Ectopia Cordis?
The internal environment of the body at a state of equilibrium
When a baby's heart appears to be on the outside of the chest
Organs in reversed positions
When a baby's heart appears to be on the outside of the back
What is situs solitus?
organs in normal anatomical arrangement
organs in reversed positions
What is situs inversus
organs in reversed positions
Organs in normal arrangement
Which is the correct level of organization?
organ system, organ, tissues, atoms, cells, molecules
atoms, molecules, organs, tissues, organ system
molecules, atoms, organelles, cells, organs, tissues, organ system
atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ system
____ is the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever changing outside world
homeostasis
negative feedback
positive feedback
heterostasis
Homeostasis means the body is NOT in equilibrium
true
false
monitors the environments and detects changes (stimuli) (information flows along AFFERENT path)
receptor
control center
effector
determines the set point at which the variable is maintained (stores normal values)
receptors
control center
effector
provides the means to respond to the stimulus (information flows along EFFERENT path)
receptor
control center
effector
the output shuts off the effect of the original stimulus (most common type of feedback in body)
negative feedback
positive feedback
the output enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus (cascades)
negative feedback
positive feedback
Necessary life functions (Movement)
the internal environment remains distance from the external
sense and respond to changes in the environment
locomotion, propulsion (peristalsis)
breakdown of ingested food (intake of nutrients)
responsiveness = sense and respond to changes in the environment
true
false
digestion = locomotion, propulsion
true
false- breakdown of ingested foodstuff
false- all chemical reactions that occur in the body
false- increase size of a body part or organism
metabolism = all the chemical reactions that occur in the body
true
false- removal or wastes
false- increased size of a body part
2 examples of reproduction
myosis
cellular - mitosis
organismal- meiosis; sperm fertilizes egg to make a new individual
excretion
excretion = removal of wastes
true
false
what is anatomical position
body up straight, palms facing inwards, feet crossed
laying down, palms facing upwards, arms by either side
body up straight, palms facing upwards, arms by either side
body straight up, arms up over head, palms upwards
axial includes
head/neck/trunk
appendages
appendicular means
head/neck/trunk
appendages
the head is what to the feet?
posterior
dorsal
distal
superior
what side of the body is anterior
left side
front
right side
back
what side of the body is posterior?
front
left side
right side
back
The thumb is ___ to the pinky
proximal
lateral
distal
medial
the pinky is ___ to the thumb
medial
lateral
deep
posterior
the eye is ___ to the nose and ear
midsagittal
distal
medial
intermediate
the wrist is ___ to the shoulder
proximal
distal
superficial
superior
the hip is _____ to the ankle
deep
inferior
lateral
proximal
the skin is ____ to the heart
deep
superficial
superior
inferior
the ribs are ____ to the arm
proximal
superficial
deep
intermediate
What plane is this
transverse
medial (midsagittal)
frontal
what plane is this
transverse
medial (midsagittal)
frontal
what plane is this
transverse
medial (midsagittal)
frontal
Which cavities make up the dorsal cavities
cranial
thoracic and cranial
abdominopelvic and vertebral
cranial and vertebral
which cavities make up the ventral body cavity
vertebral and pelvic
cranial and vertebral
thoracic and abdominopelvic
abdominal and pelvic
what is the flat muscular part that separates the ventral cavity from the dorsal cavity?
serous
heart
diaphragm
visceral pericardium
What is 1?
visceral serosa (pericardium)
serosal fluid (pericardial space)
parietal serosa (pericardium)
what is 2?
parietal serosa (pericardium)
serosal fluid (pericardial space)
visceral serosa (pericardium)
what is 3?
visceral serosa (pericardium)
serosal fluid (pericardial space)
parietal serosa (pericardium)
define synovial
mouth and cavities of the digestive organs
located within and posterior to the nose
house the eyes
joint cavities
Energy...
no mass, no space occupied
has mass, no space occupied
no mass, occupies space
has mass, occupies space
elements = unique substances that cannot be broken down into simpler material by ordinary chemical methods
true
false
gain one or more electrons (-charge)
anions
cations
lose one or more electrons (+charge)
anions
cations
covalent bonds...
form crystals instead of individual molecules
are formed by the sharing of electrons
are two or more atoms bonded
Characteristic of Ionic Bonds
complete transfer of electrons
unequal sharing of electrons
equal sharing of electrons
the charge is balanced among atoms
characteristic of polar covalent bonds
the charge is balanced among atoms
(o=c=o)
have separate ions (Na+, Cl-)
the charge is unbalanced among atoms
unequal sharing of electrons
characteristic of nonpolar covalent bonds
complete transfer of atoms
charge balanced among atoms (o=c=o)
unequal sharing of electrons
separate ions (Na+, Cl-)
96% of our body is composed of 4 key elements. Which elements are they?
Oxygen (65%)
Phosphorus (3%)
Nitrogen (3%)
Carbon (18%)
Hydrogen (10%)
All chemical reactions are reversible
True
False
What are 4 factors that affect reaction rates?
Temp, particle size, ions, water
Water, atoms, bonds, shape
temp, particle size, concentration, catalysts
shape, temp, electrons, particle size
Water, salts, acids/bases, electrolytes are characteristics of...
Inorganic compounds
organic compounds
carbon based, usually large, and having covalent bonds are characteristics of
inorganic compounds
organic compounds
Dissolves all polar and ionic substances, and serves as the body's major transport medium
reactivity
universal solvent
high heat capacity
cushioning
changing from a liquid to a gas requires large amounts of heat
cushioning
high heat capacity
universal solvent
high heat vaporization
absorbs and releases large amounts of heat before changing temperature
high heat vaporization
high heat capacity
reactivity
universal solvent
Acidic pH scale
7.01-14
7.00
0-6.99
Basics pH scale
0-6.99
7.01-14
7.00
neutral pH
10.00
0-6.99
7.00
7.01-14
4 main types of organic compounds
ions, atoms, lipids, proteins
fats, proteins, hydrogen, carbohydrates
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
carbohydrates, nucleic acids, fats, h20
what are monosaccharides?
sugar
carbohydrates
fats
ions
what are the 5 monosaccharides? (simple sugars)
glucose, fructose
deoxyribose, bioxyribose
galactose, ribose
deoxyribose
Disaccharides are made up of 2 simple sugars (example sucrose)
True
False
non polar lipids that are hydrophobic. They have Glycerol heads and fatty acid tails
triglycerides
phospholipids
non polar tails, and polar heads. Contain a phosphate group. Head is hydrophilic and tails are hydrophobic
triglycerides
phospholipids
this molecule has 4 interlocking hydrocarbon rings. They are modified versions of cholesterol. What is it?
lipid (phospholipid)
inorganic compound
lipid (steroids)
amino acid
Phospholipids include nonpolar heads, polar heads, and a phosphate group
True
false
Amino acids are bonded together by
dipeptides
ionic bonds
peptide bonds
hydrogen bonds
100 to tens of thousands of amino acids are called
proteins
lipids
amino acids
steroids
levels of proteins: tertiary
alpha helices or beta pleated sheet
specific amino acid sequences
folding of secondary structures
Levels of proteins: secondary
alpha helices or beta pleated sheet
specific amino acid sequence
folding of secondary structures
Levels of proteins: primary
alpha helices or beta pleated sheet
specific amino acid sequence
folding of secondary structures
2+ polypeptide chains linked together in a specific manner
primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary
Characteristics of Fibrous Proteins (structural proteins)
Extended and strand-like proteins
Compact, spherical proteins with tertiary and quaternary structures
Characteristics of Globular Proteins (functional proteins)
extended and strand-like proteins
compact, spherical proteins with tertiary and quaternary structures
keratin, elastin, collagen, and contractile are examples of
steroids
fibrous proteins
enzymes
globular proteins
antibodies, hormones, enzymes, and transport proteins are examples of
fibrous proteins
molecules
lipids
globular proteins
What are enzymes?
not altered during the reaction the catalyze
act as biological catalysts (lower activation energy)
allow protein to actually perform its function
enzyme names usually end in "ase"
reversible unfolding of proteins due to increase in temp
allows protein to actually perform its specified function
ions
phosphate group
phospholipid bilayer
active site
what happens to enzymes when there is an increase in temperature?
it becomes denatured
it has a greater reaction
it dissolves
it stays the same
Characteristics of nucleotides
energy carrier (ex ATP)
composed of n containing base, pentose sugar, and phosphate group
DNA
Double stranded
chemical messengers (cAMP)
Which is single stranded?
RNA
DNA
Which is double stranded
RNA
DNA
What are the main types of nucleotides?
Adenine
guanine
uracil
thymine
cytosine
What are the correct nucleotide pairing?
A and T
A and C
C and T
G and C
What structure is this?
DNA
Phospholipid Bi-layer
RNA
ATP
What structure is this?
RNA
Triphosphate
ATP
DNA
What structure is this?
RNA
ATP
DNA
cAMP
