We can learn about the world by careful observation of empirical (real, observable) phenomena; we can expect to understand fundamental processes and natural laws by observation.

Basic patterns and processes are uniform across time and space; the forces at work today are the same as those that shaped the world in the past, and they will continue to do so in the future.

When two plausible explanations are equally reasonable, the simpler (more parsimonious) one is preferable. This rule is also known as Ockham's razor, after the English philosopher who proposed it.

Knowledge changes as new evidence appears, and explanations (theories) change with new evidence. Theories based on current evidence should be tested on additional evidence, with the understanding that new data may disprove the best theories.

Tests and experiments should be repeatable; if the same results cannot be reproduced, then the conclusions are probably incorrect.

We rarely expect science to provide absolute proof that a theory is correct, because new evidence may always undermine our current understanding.

To find out whether a theory is correct, it must be tested; we formulate testable statements (hypotheses) to test theories.

Test and experiments should not be repeatable.

Why do we formulate testable statements?

Knowledge changes as new evidence appears, and explanations (theories) change with new evidence.

It is one of the key transformations to achieve SDGs which focuses on artificial intelligence, big data, biotech, nanotech, autonomous systems,

It is one of the key transformations to achieve SDGs which focus on decent housing, mobility, sustainable infrastructure, and pollution.

It is one of the key transformations to achieve SDGs which focuses on education, health, aging, labor, markets, gender, and inequalities.

It is one of the key transformations to achieve SDGs which focuses on resource use, circular economy, sufficiency, and pollution.

It is one of the key transformation to achieve SDGs which focuses on energy access, efficiency, electrification, and decent services.

It is one of the key transformations which focuses on sustainable intensification, biodiversity, forests, oceans, healthy diets, and nutrient.

"an interdisciplinary study of connections between the earth's life support system & human activities."

deals with the systematic study of our environment and our proper place in it. It is highly interdisciplinary, integrating natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities in a broad, holistic study of the world around us.

CLICK THE FOUR SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABILITY

What is the fourth step of scientific investigation?

What is the first step of scientific investigation?

What is the second step of scientific investigation?

What is the last step of scientific investigation?

What is the third step of scientific investigation?

What is the fifth step of scientific investigation?

Science depends on...

SDGs has been adopted by the UN in what year?

What is the target year of SDG?

SDG: GENDER EQUALITY (SELECT 3)

In Levels of Biological Organization, this refers to the single life forms.

In Levels of Biological Organization, this includes all organisms genetically similar enough to reproduce and produce fertile offspring.

In Levels of Biological Organization, this refers to many individuals of the same species living in the same area.

In Levels of Biological Organization, this refers to all interacting species in one place.

In Levels of Biological Organization, this refers to the biological community and the physical environment.

Biomes that have Highest Precipitation and Greatest Species Diversity.

Biomes that have medium precipitation, very good soil, and where forest re-grows easily.

Biomes that are filled with evergreen and conifer trees, have lower diversity, and are found closer to the polar regions.

Ecosystems are controlled by flows of energy and matter.

Matter = ability to do work; Energy = anything that has volume and mass

The Ecological Pyramid says most energy (measured as biomass) in the ecosystem is in plants; less energy as you go up the food chain.

Energy lost to heat and waste, not converted to new biomass.

top predators are common because there are a lot of animals, land area, to

support them

Much of the phosphorus on Earth is tied up in rock and sedimentary deposits, from which it is released by ________ (choose all applicable)

example of nitrogen-fixing Prokaryotes found in most aquatic ecosystems.

example of nitrogen-fixing Prokaryotes that live symbiotically in the roots of legume plants.

example of nitrogen-fixing Prokaryotes that are Nitrogen fixers in terrestrial ecosystems.

is a network of interdependent components and processes that together have properties beyond those of individual parts.

A system is a network of ______________ __________ and processes that together have properties beyond those of individual parts.

are a self-regulating mechanism in which the results of a process affects the process itself.

(the ability to maintain stability)

What are the two important characteristics of systems?

What are the two types of system?

A circular process whereby a system's output serves as input to that same system.

What are the two types of feedback loops?

The product inhibits the process that creates them.

It stabilize the systems.

The product amplifies the process that creates them.

Rare in nature

Destabilize systems

Happens when changing about a system sets up a situation where the change is amplified further until some ultimate endpoint is reached

A lake is polluted and fish die. -> Dead fish causes further pollution -> Death of more fish because decay uses oxygen.

Predator prey interaction -> Increase in predators leads to decrease in prey. -> Decrease in prey leads decrease in predators -> Decrease in predators leads to increase in prey. -> Increase in prey leads to increase in predators -> Go back to start.

A broad, regional type of ecosystem characterized by distinctive climate and soil conditions and distinctive kinds of biological communities adapted by those conditions.

This type of biome occurs at midlatitudes on all continents that are kept open on extreme temperature, dry conditions, and periodic fires.

These are conditions that predict the type of biomes most likely to occur in a place.

These places have luxuriant and diverse plant growth, heavy rainfalls, in months that support growth.

TRUE of FALSE: Hot humid regions have lower biological productivity than cold or dry regions.

Climate graphs are used to describe and compare precipitation and the diversity of ecosystems in different places. True or False?

The characteristics of biological communities vary with temperature, precipitation, and latitude.

TRUE or FALSE: Temperature wetlands are severely depleted.

These ecosystems vary mainly in in-depth temperature and salinity.

The following are general types of Biomes except one:

TRUE or FALSE: Coral reefs and estuaries are among the world’s most productive and diverse ecosystems.

This biome has moderate precipitation but is often moist because of cold temperatures which are the coldest most of the year.

This term means shredding leaves annually (falling off).

This place are treeless because of the frigid temperature that hinders tree growth. It is characterized as uplands, which have short growing seasons.

These are cone-bearing seed plants.

Rainforests have abundant but often seasonal precipitation that supports magnificent trees and luxurious understory vegetation.

A biome that has a mixed woodland-grassland ecosystem. Canopy grows under its climate conditions.

These places have tidal mouths of a large river, where the tide meets the stream.

It is a biome of temperate coniferous forests known by its Russian name. It lies north of the temperate-zone forests and grasslands.

TRUE or FALSE: Cold deserts are found in wet regions at middle to high latitudes especially in the interiors of continents and in the rain shadows of mountains.

These have a fauna completely different from lentic waters. It is where nutrient accumulates and phytoplankton bloom.

Home of perfusion insects from mosquitoes to dragonflies. These are prime habitats for wading and diving birds.