Organisms which are too small to be seen by the naked eye

(a)  

(a)   (also called infectious particles), includes viruses and prions.

(a)   (also called microorganisms), includes all bacteria, all archaea, all protozoa, some algae, and some fungi.

Microbes that cause diseases.

(a)  

Microbes that do not cause disease

(a)  

Harmless microorganisms consist of the indigenous microflora that lives on or in the body. They cause disease only if they accidentally invade the “wrong place at the right time”.

(a)  

Occur when opportunistic microorganisms gain access to a part

of the body where they do not belong.

(a)  

Organisms that live on dead or decaying organic matter. They aid in fertilization by returning inorganic nutrients to soil. They also break down dead and decaying organic matter into nutrients, phosphates and other chemicals for growth of plants.

(a)  

branch of microbiology dealing with plant-associated microbes and plant and animal diseases.

(a)  

the manipulation (as through genetic engineering) of living organisms or their

components to produce useful usually commercial products (as pest resistant crops, new bacterial strains, or novel pharmaceuticals)

(a)  

Study of composition and physiology of microbial communities in the environment

(a)  

branch of medicine concerned with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of

infectious diseases.

(a)  

The insertion of foreign genes into microorganisms to enable the microorganisms to produce specific gene products or to enable them to be used for other purposes.

(a)  

Study of the structure and functions of microbial cells.

(a)  

The study of ancient microorganisms.

(a)  

science based on the detection of risks associated with the production, manufacture and consumption of foods and water

(a)  

concerned with microbial (bacterial, fungal, viral) diseases of domesticated

vertebrate animals (livestock, companion animals, fur-bearing animals, game,

poultry, fish) that supply food, other useful products or companionship.

(a)  

includes plants and animals that float along at the mercy of the sea's tides and

currents. Their name comes from the Greek meaning "drifter" or "wanderer."

(a)  

results when a person ingests a toxin (poisonous substance) that has been produced by a microbe.

(a)  

used to express the sizes of microorganisms.

(a)  

the basic unit of length in the metric system.

(a)  

The size of RBC's, bacteria and protozoa is measured as (a)  

The size of viruses is measured as (a)   .

A tiny ruler within the eyepiece of a compound light microscope, which is used to measure the sizes of cellular microorganisms.

(a)  

an optical instrument that is used to observe tiny objects, that cannot be seen at all with the unaided human eye.

(a)  

A (a)   contains only one magnifying lens.

A (a)   contains more than one magnifying lens. It uses visible light as the source of illumination.

Credited for developing the first compound microscope.

(a)  

He used compound microscopes with three lens systems.

(a)  

He authored, Micrographia, a 1665 volume documenting experiments he had

made with a microscope. He coined the term "cell" while discussing the structure of cork.

(a)  

The capacity of a microscope to distinguish or separate two adjacent

objects or points from one another.

(a)  

an instrument that uses visible light and magnifying lenses to examine small objects not visible to the naked eye, or in finer detail than the naked eye allows.

(a)  

Microscope where objects are observed against a bright background. Has Maximum magnification: 1000x, Resolution: 0.2um

(a)  

Microscope where Illuminated objects are seen against a dark background. Has Resolving power: 0.2000um, Useful magnification: 1000x.

(a)  

Microscope that uses the differences in the phase of light transmitted or reflected by a specimen to form

distinct, contrasting images of different parts of the specimen.

(a)  

Compound microscope with an ultraviolet radiation source. Often used in immunology laboratories to demonstrate that antibodies stained with a fluorescent dye have combined with specific antigens; this is a type of immunodiagnostic procedure.

(a)  

Couples a laser light source to a light microscope. A laser beam is bounced off a mirror that directs the beam through a scanning device. Cells are often stained with fluorescent dyes to make them more visible.

(a)  

Uses an electron beam as a source of illumination and magnets to focus the beam. Only for dead organisms.

(a)  

Type of Electron Microscope which allows examination of cellular and viral

Ultrastructure. Reveals the finest detailed structure of cells and viruses.

• Resolving power: 0.2nm

• Useful magnification: 200,000x

(a)  

Type of Electron Microscope which is designed to create an extremely detailed

3D view of the specimen. Useful for examining surface features of cells and viruses/

• Resolving power: 20nm

• Useful magnification: 10,000x

(a)  

Microscope that measures surface features by moving a sharp probe over the object’s surface. It enables scientists to view atoms or molecules on the surface of a specimen.

examples,

• Scanning Tunneling Microscope

• Atomic Force Microscope

(a)  

all viruses contain _______ ____.

(a)  

many types of virus have a (a)   envelope surrounding the nucleocapsid.

prion is a combination of?

(a)  

These are bacteria which lose their cell walls during adverse growth conditions but revert to their original shape when placed in favorable growth conditions.

(a)  

____ ________ bacteria are neither consistently blue nor red on gram staining

(a)  

have a high lipid content (mycolic acid) in their cell walls, hence cannot be stained using the gram stain.

(a)  

does not require heating, aka cold method

(a)  

____ _____ and ___ content of the mycobacterial cell walls is thought to be the reason for such impermeability.

(a)  

do not require O2 for life and reproduction

(a)  

require lower concentrations of O2 (5%).

(a)  

grow better in the absence of O2 but can survive in its

presence.

(a)  

can survive in the presence or absence of oxygen.

(a)  

- an established method, often used in diagnostic microscopy, for contrasting a thin specimen with an optically opaque fluid. In this technique, the background is stained, leaving the actual specimen untouched, and thus visible

(a)  

These are “ancient” microorganisms that are able to live in extreme environment.

They possess cell walls without peptidoglycan.

(a)  

What is the most common causes of sexually transmitted urethritis?

(a)  

the first person to use the word "cell" to identify microscopic structures when he was describing boxlike cells of the cork which reminded him of the cells of a monastery.

(a)  

Who are the scientists who contributed to the cell theory? (3)

(a)  

known as the "father of pathology".

▪ He introduced the third dictum in cell theory: Omnis cellula e cellula ("All cells come from cells")

(a)  

Who is the father of taxonomy?

(a)  

is the science of classification of living organisms.

(a)  

arrangement of organism into taxonomic groups on the basis of similarities.

(a)  

determining whether an isolate belongs to one of the established, named taxa or represents a previously unidentified species

(a)  

These are external structures that provide rigidity,

shape and protection to the cell and may contain cellulose, pectin, lignin, chitin and some mineral salts.

(a)  

membrane bound structures containing photosynthetic pigments.

(a)  

is made up of filamentous proteins which strengthens, supports, stiffens and gives shape to the cell.

(a)  

are membrane-bound organelles that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions.

(a)  

are organelles that carry out oxidation reactions leading to the production of hydrogen peroxide. They also contain the enzyme catalase which decomposes hydrogen peroxide by converting it to water and oxygen.

(a)  

Chemical energy produced by the

mitochondria is stored as

(a)  

a group of flattened disc-like structures located close to the endoplasmic reticulum. It packages proteins into small membrane enclosed vesicles for transport within or

outside the cell.

(a)  

(protein factory) consist mainly of rRNA and proteins. It is also called 80S which consists of two sub-units, a large 60S and a small 40S.

(a)  

forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. It is responsible for the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins .

(a)  

is enclosed by membranes. It contains the cell's DNA and directs the synthesis of proteins and ribosomes.

(a)  

is gel-like, water-based fluid that occupies the majority of the volume of the cell. It is the site of metabolic reactions in the cell.

(a)  

Cytoplasm composed of the cytosol, organelles, and various particles and granules called ?

(a)