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WorksheetsImmune System, Vaccines, and Scientific Method
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 23mins
What are the two barriers that are our "first defense" against pathogens?
Skin
Mucus Membranes
Cartillage
Eyelashes
Lymph Nodes
A Substance made of weakened, killed, or partial pathogens are designed to protect the body from future invasions of that pathogen.
Vaccine
Virus
Disease
Microbe
Compounds that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria.
AIDS
HIV
Antibiotics
Dr. Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine in 1796 for this disease:
cowpox
chickenpox
smallpox
the flu
B cells and T cells are components of which branch of your immune system?
Specific Immunity
Non-Specific Immunity
Primary Defense
Phagocytes
Which are all parts of Innate Immunity?
B and T Cells
Skin and Mucous Membranes
Macrphages (APCs)
Bone Marrow
These cells find and kill your own cells that are infected with pathogens:
Killer T Cells
Memory B Cells
Helper T Cells
Antibodies
These cells, also known as macrophages, consume pathogens and display an important chunk of the invader on their cell surface for memory cells to "see":
Antigen Presenting Cells
Killer T Cells
Memory B Cells
Plasma B Cells
Lymph Nodes are where:
Antibodies are made
Pathogens are made
Where immune cells "cluster"
"Remember" antigens they've been presented with before
Memory B cells, Memory T cells, and Memory T Helper cells are all part of the:
Primary Response
Secondary Response
Phagocytes
Physical Barriers to Infection
These cells were once either Naive or Memory B cells and become antibody-making factories:
Memory T Cells
Helper T Cells
Killer B Cells
Plasma B Cells
As if you haven't been through this already, these are the four steps of the scientific method (they're not really, but they're easy to memorize):
Make an OBSERVATION
Formulate a HYPOTHESIS in the form of a testable question.
Devise an experiemnt or some structured from of TESTING and collecting data
Using the data you have collected, formulate a logical and repeatable CONCLUSION
Literally each of the other four answers!
Who used fluid from cowpox lesions to "vaccinate" individuals against suffering from smallpox infection?
Louis Pasteur
Edward Jenner
Robert Koch
Pearl Kendrick
Who was responsible for using a "double-blind" experiment for their vaccine development?
Edward Jenner
Neil Armstrong
Jonas Salk
Betsy Ross
This type of experimental group receives no "treatment" or medication/ vaccine. They may receive a placebo, or dose containing no actual medicaation/ vaccine.
Randomized Response
Control
Double-Blind
Experimental Data
Which of the four below is NOT one of the steps Koch took to identify the cause of a disease?
Take the microbe from the host and grow it in the lab
The microbe is present in EVERY case of the disease
Isolate and identify the SAME microbe from the infected host
Introduce a pure culture (grown in the lab) into a healthy host
Place hosts in the came cage and allow them to infect each other with other microbes
What did Pearl Kendrick contribute to the method of vaccine discovery?
Use of double-blind testing to ensure the validity of the placebo dose
Control groups that did not receive the vaccine
Using cowpox to protect patients from contracting the more deadly smallpox
Devising a system of isolating and identifying pathogens
Which three of the following are steps you could take when gathering information about a possible outbreak?
Confirm SYMPTOMS
Define WHERE sickness is occurring
Establish a TIMELINE of events
Determine how DEADLY the disease is
Learn what the FAVORITE FOOD of each patient is
Which of the following was the test you chose to run in order to determine which patients had contracted the virus (because it has the fastest turn-around time)?
Viral culture
PCR
Blood culture
Test for antibodies
What is a term for the study of how a disease spreads?
Virology
Scientology
Epidemiology
Bacteriology
What are three common sources of errors in data collection in disease outbreaks
Overreporting
Underreporting
Contaminated Specimens
Safe collection procedures
Chain of custody forms for each specimen
What was the source of error in reporting for the high school students in our study?
Underreporting
Overreporting
Non-reporting
All of the other choices
During Phase 1 of Clinical Studies in vaccine development, what is primarily focused on?
Safety and how well an immune response is triggered
Dosage amount, vaccine timing and schedule, and how it is delivered to patients
Overall safety of the vaccine and any side-effects it may cause
How many superpowers the vaccine gives you...we're not talking "Avengers" superpowers, but powers like the ablity to read faster or go days without having to sleep.
If I am testing a vaccine on a group of 15,000 individuals, keeping surveillance on any side-effects that may arise, which phase of clinical trials would I be in?
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
Typically (pre-mRNA vaccine tech), how long would it take to develop a vaccine?
3 months
10-12 years
100 years
10 minutes and 22 seconds
Before it was the National Institutes of Health (NIH), this agency was known as:
CIA
Division of Biological Standards
Homeland Security
Centers for Disease Control
Many vaccines fail to progress past the Pre-Clinical stage. What is the most common reason for this failure?
Weak or no immune response caused by the vaccine
Patients gaining superhuman abilities
An irrational fear of needles in all of humanity
No control group is used in the experiment
If I am developing a vaccine and our lab has been granted the opportunity to begin the "exploratory stage" of laboratory and animal studies, what are we primarily searching for?
Lost treasure in isles of the Caribbean
Any excuse to get out of class
An antigen that has what we'd call a "high fidelity" of iliciting long-lasting immune responses in patinets
A good pair of Birkenstocks. Call me a Gen-Xer if you want (because I am), but there is really nothing better than a nice pair of broken-in Birkenstocks...and flannel shirts...all of the flannel shirts.
VAERS and Vaccine Safety Datalink are entities that the CDC utilizes for:
Assessing adverse reactions and side effects from vaccines over long periods after rollout.
Snapchat etiquette and how to become an influencer
Determining exactly school lunches are so not good
Ensuring we never return to a Flex Mod schedule again
NASA recently smashed a high-speed probe into a small asteroid near Earth. What is the name of this program?
Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART)
Functional Atmospheric Research Telemetry (FART)
Near Earth Research Directive (NERD)
Meteoric and Atmospheric Universal Sensor (MAUS)
What are sequences of three nucleotides that code for amino acids on a protein during the translation process called?
Phosphate groups
Codons
Colons
Peptides
