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WorksheetsVA1005 - Tutorial F
Total questions: 96
Worksheet time: 50mins
Your Dr is assessing the parameters of his patient during an office exam. He is reviewing the signalments to help him differentiate a possible diagnosis in assessing the patient’s condition. What is it that he is reviewing?
Temperature and Heart rate
Diet and Vaccination History
Age and Reproductive Status
Colour and Frequency of Parameters
In obtaining a patient’s history it is a good idea to ask open-ended questions to obtain more detail. Indicate which questions listed below are open-ended.
Has your pet had any vomiting or diarrhea?
Is your pet eating normally?
Have you noticed any sneezing, coughing, bleeding?
What is the reason for your visit today?
The assistant assists the veterinary team in nursing care every morning. She has a routine she has set up for herself in dealing with patient care. Which one of her routines/habits attends to the patient’s immediate needs?
taking the animals out for a walk to urinate and have a BM
checking fluid rates with corresponding rates recorded in chart
checking daily treatment sheet for new updates
Taking the morning baseline vital parameters
In assessing a jack russell “Jock’s” mucous membranes, the Dr noted that his membranes were injected. This indicates that they were __________ in colour and indicative of______________________, which would require further diagnostics to confirm.
yellow; liver dysfunction
pale pink; anemic
brick red; fever or sepsis
blue: hypoxic
Jock’s skin tented for several seconds after the Dr performed his skin pinch. Jock’s eyes were slightly sunken and his mucous membranes were dry. This indicates that Jock was:
hemorrhaging
infected
septic
deyhydrated
Which method of examination is used to listen to the heart?
Auscultate
Percussion
Palpation
Inspection
Why is daily weighing of a hospitalized pet important?
Helps monitor hydration and nutrition status
Helps monitor excretory patterns
Helps assess perfusion and metabolism
Indicator of condition and perfusion
Baseline body temperature is obtained when a patient is hospitalized because it is:
to ensure that muscle to fluid ratio is maintained
to assess perfusion rates daily
a good indicator of illness progression or improvement
to prevent heat stroke
A Bair Hugger apparatus or a fluid warmer will aid a patient who is:
hypothermic
hyperthermic
normothermic
hypoglycemic
Hyperthermia can be indicative of which of the following?
seizures and toxicity
poor perfusion
shock
hypertension
A kitten’s heart rate is ___________ while a cat’s average heart rate is __________.
180 -240; 120-180
70-100; 300 -280
80 – 120; 80 – 160
90 – 160; 100 – 14
A pulse Oximeter is used for:
identifying arrhythmias
identifying abnormal heart sounds
assessing oxygenation of venous blood
identifying the percentage of oxygen carrying capacity of blood cells
The assistant is auscultating a heart rate and simultaneously palpating the femoral pulse. She notes that intermittently every heart beat does not have a corresponding pulse. This is referred to as a:
cardiac murmur
ventricular premature contraction
pulse deficit
sinus arrhythmia
Thready and Bounding identify characteristics of:
Pulse
Heart Rate
Respiration Rate
Mentation
The Dr was auscultating a whippet’s heart when he detected a sinus arrhythmia which is characterized by:
an increase in heart rate upon inspiration; decrease in heart rate on expiration
a decrease in heart rate upon expiration; increase in heart rate on expiration
an increase in heart rate upon inspiration; decrease in heart rate on inspiration
an increase in heart rate upon expiration; increase in heart rate on
expiration
These are heard in puppies and disappear as they grow. Heard best at the mitral valve
Physiological murmurs
Innocent murmurs
Sinus arrhythmias
Irregular heart beats
Heart murmurs can be auscultated over the:
Base
Apex
Mitral valve
Aorta
Physiologic Murmurs are heard in:
anemic animals
animals whose blood viscosity is thick
3-4 month old animals
a and b
When taking the respiration rate of a hospitalized patient:
assess it before you handle the animal
take it simultaneously with heart rate
take the temperature first to assess any influence on respiration
assess rate and effort at the same time
When assessing “Jock’s” perfusion, the Dr would examine which of the following?
mucous membrane color
capillary refill time
pulse strength and quality
all of the above
When monitoring for urine production, the assistant should:
Check blankets and towels in the kennel for urine
Take “Jock” out for frequent walks every 4 hrs. and collect/measure urine
Measure and record volume, colour and urine appearance
All of the Above
Which statement is incorrect regarding a recumbent patient with a closed urinary system?
Does not need to be taken out for elimination
Collect and measure urine frequently throughout day
Plenty of bedding and padding should be supporting patient
Flip patient alternating recumbent sides every 2 hrs. to prevent pressure sores
When weighing urine in order to calculate production rate, the assistant must:
Weigh the blankets after they have been laundered
Use disposable urine pads under the blankets to catch any drippings
Convert the mls into grams when weighing to get the volume produced
Weigh all blankets/pads before and after they have been used for accurate measurement
When monitoring the gastrointestinal system one would monitor all excretions. Which of the following are not considered excretions?
Feces, saliva, urine
Vomit, secretions
Mucous, tears
All of the above are excretions
If feces contained frank blood what colour would it be?
Red
Black or dark colored
Brown
Green
“Jax” a border collie is in the hospital with large volumes of very
loose diarrhea. What organ of the digestive system would be affected?
Stomach
Rectum
Small bowel
Colon
If the veterinary assistant saw bloody, tarry stool in “Sachi,” the
maltipoo’s kennel she would report to Dr. Jax Rustle that “Sachi” may
have:
A foreign body ingestion
Ulcers
Constipation
Alopecia
Which is not a cause of diarrhea?
Dietary changes to a moist high-fat content
Frequent table scraps and access to garbage
Dietary changes to a meat based diet
Maintaining the same diet
Auscultating gut sounds can indicate
An active gut
A foreign body possibility (the gut should not make noise)
An ulcer
Constipation
Comatose or Recumbent patients need which of the following addressed by the veterinary team?
Change position and sides to prevent Decubital ulcers
Provide oral hygiene due to bacterial buildup
Provide range of motion and massage to prevent muscle atrophy/stiffness
All of the above
Physical Examinations should be done:
Upon admittance to hospital
By the Dr. during office exam
By veterinary team throughout the day
Upon discharge
All of the above
Triage is:
assessing and treating each patient as they arrive
a surgical procedure that relieves pressure in the chest
Process of determining a patient’s treatment based on the severity of their condition
to listen to sounds in a body cavity such as the chest or abdomen
Blood pressure is defined as:
The pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel lumen wall
The pressure exerted by the blood on the heart
The pressure exerted by the blood on all the capillaries during systole
The pressure exerted by the blood between systole and diastole
Indirect blood pressure is measured with a _______while direct is measured with a _________.
Doppler; stethoscope
Oscillometric device; arterial catheter
Transducer; Doppler
Doppler; sphygmomanometer
The waves produced in an Oscillometric device are produced by:
The pressure on the arterial diameter caused by changes in heart rate
changes in arterial diameter caused by changes in pulse pressure
arrhythmias and changes in cardiac output
the blood flow into and out of the cardiac muscle
Which is not a location for cuff placement in a dog or cat?
Cephalic vein region
Tail
Dorsal pedal artery
Auricle vein
The components of a blood pressure are:
Diastolic, Systolic
Diastolic, Mean Arterial Pressure and Systolic
Diastolic, MAP, Cytolic
Diastolic, Lumen Pressure, Mean Arterial and Systolic
Which does not interfere with blood pressure reading?
Movement
lateral recumbency
Improper cuff size
Limb edema interference
The Doppler measures:
Only systolic
Only MAP
Only diastolic
Only arterial intraluminal pressure
To obtain the most accurate blood pressure value one should choose a cuff that:
Is 1/3 - ¼ of the limb’s circumference
Is ½ of the limb’s circumference
Goes around the whole circumference of the limb
Is 3/4 of the limb’s circumference
Silver nitrate sticks and quick stop are used to:
Stop hemorrhaging of nail quick when cut
Prevent nail avulsion
Smooths out the rough edges of the nail when cut
Stimulates the quick to recede with every nail trim
Which statement is true
the quick will regress with regular trimming
“Quicking” is referred to as cutting the nail to regress the quick
Over time long nails will fray and wear down
Nails growing into nail beds will eventually break off from the pressure
A dog that sits and scoots on its hind end is displaying this behaviour due to:
empty anal glands
impacted / distended anal glands
natural emptying display
attracting a mate
External expression of anal glands does:
completely empty the glands
requires digital insertion into the rectum
not completely empty the glands
is more painful than internal expression
The __________ must be intact before any products other than saline or water are instilled into the ear otherwise instilling medication can cause vestibular function loss or hearing loss.
cochlea
stapes/incus
tympanic membrane
vestibule
An aural hematoma is
thickening of the pinna indicative of burst blood vessels
a result of a ruptured tympanic membrane
A thickening of the ear canal due to allergies/skin condition
A tumour in the ear canal
Which of the following is not a sign of ear disease?
ear shaking/scratching
nystagmus
head tilt
facial asymmetry
To facilitate absorption of topical meds:
rub the medication vigorously into the skin
apply and let dry
part fur
shave and clean area
If oral cavity is damaged liquid medication should not be administered
through:
an esophageal tube
a gastrotomy tube
a nasogastric tube
a jugular catheter
When pilling a cat one should not use
Their fingers
A hemostat
A pilling gun
Water to flush the medication down
Buprenorphine is an analgesic that is given transmucosally. In which of the following locations can this drug be administered?
Buccal mucosa
Cheek mucosa
Cephalic
Oral mucosa
What is the purpose of an enema?
To stimulate bowel activity
To cause nausea and thus vomiting to eliminate toxins ingested
To lubricate the colon for a colonoscopy
To stimulate urination
Which substances should not be used in enemas?
phosphates
glycerin
soap
commercial enemas used in humans
Which of the following is an indication for an enema?
perforation of the bowel
inflammation of the colon
constipation
recent surgery of the colon to help stimulate peristalsis
If an enema is administered too quickly it can elicit:
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Ataxia
Tenesmus
Nasal Cannulas are used to supply:
Oxygen
Nutrition
Medication
Humidified air
Nasoesophageal and nasogastric tubes are not used to provide which of the following:
Oxygen
Nutrition
Water
Medication
If more than one ophthalmic solution is used:
Apply the ointments first
Apply the solutions first and wait 10 min. before applying the next medication.
Apply solutions first then wait a few seconds and apply ointments
Does not matter which medication you apply first
To straighten the ear canal apply lateral tension on the pinna (ear flap) this
opens up the ear canal
closes the tympanic membrane
is less pressure on the cochlea
isolates the stapes, incus and anvil
Which of the following are parenteral administrations?
Intravenous
Intramuscular
Intradermal
Subcutaneous
Transdermal
Complications of parenteral administration of medication are:
pain / inflammation
nerve damage and anaphylactic shock
vomiting and diarrhea
constipation
Which of the following does not reduce the absorption of a subcutaneous injection?
Dehydration
Over hydration
Shock
Poor perfusion
Sloughing of the skin after a subcutaneous injection can be caused by:
hypertonic solutions
hypotonic solutions
some vaccines
antibiotics
Feline leukemia vaccines are associated with:
fibrosarcoma
ataxia
nystagmus
Tenesmus
Dr. Germaine Shepherd vaccinated “Mazy,” an Australian shepherd. She was being monitored for vaccine reactions by the clinic assistant, Falicia. Which of the following symptoms would Falicia be watching for?
Facial swelling
Urticaria
Hypersalivation/vomiting
All of the above
Fluids are not administered intramuscularly because:
Muscles do not absorb fluids well
Muscles cannot take more than 2-5 mls of fluids
Increases the chance of involuntary muscular contractions
There is a concern of tissue sloughing
When administering a drug generally if it is or becomes _________in colour does not administer.
Clear
Translucent
Opaque
Transparent
The two most common veins for I.V. fluids are:
Cephalic and saphenous
Jugular and dorsal pedal
Medial saphenous and lingual
Femoral and auricle
Why is it a good idea to place the catheter at the most distal portion of the limb and work your way up?
To prevent hematoma formation impeding catheter placement
To ensure catheter does not get trapped against the vessel’s valves
To prevent kinking of the vessel and catheter
To ensure that there is room for the whole length of the catheter
Which statement is not correct regarding an Intraosseus catheter placement?
used in pediatrics when vein is hard to find
Intraosseus space is always available no matter how small the patient is or how dehydrated
Intraosseus space rapidly absorbs fluids and drugs.
these catheters can stay in longer than 72 hrs. since they aren’t in a vein
Which of the following is incorrect regarding an epidural administration
of a medication?
Pain relief during painful rear limb procedures
Single injection through an epidural catheter
Location is between S6-S7
Can provide a continuous flow of anesthesia
Which of the following cannot be administered through an I.V. Catheter?
Nutrients
Medication
Blood transfusions
none of the above
The auricular vein is used most commonly in which breeds?
The basset and the dachshund
the Pekingese and the shih Tzu
the cocker and the springer
the greyhound and the whippet
Which statement is not correct regarding smaller gauge catheters?
less traumatic to the vessel
used for rapid fluid administration
easily occludes with fibrin clots
not recommended for blood collection – hemolyzes blood
Which statement is not correct regarding a larger gauge catheter?
more trauma to a vessel
used for slower rate fluid administration
does not occlude as readily with fibrin clots
used for blood collection
What should be performed on a catheter bandage on a daily basis?
new catheter placed daily
flushed with heparin/saline to prevent clotting
bandage removed and catheter site examined for infection/irritation
b and c
The longer the catheter the more stable it is inside the vessel
True
False
Butterfly catheters are used for subcutaneous fluids and multiple injections.
True
False
All catheters should be removed at 72 hrs. from their site to prevent infection
True
False
Wrapping a catheter bandage too tightly will result in swelling of the limb.
True
False
Phlebitis is caused by contamination and mechanical irritation.
True
False
A multi lumen catheter reduces the need for more catheters
True
False
What are the advantages of placing a urinary catheter?
(a)
Which catheters contain a balloon to keep the catheter anchored in the
Urethra?
Foley Catheter
Polypropylene catheter
Olive tipped catheter
Red Rubber Catheter
Urinary collection bags should be emptied every:
2 hrs
at the end of every shift
at the start of a new Dr.’s shift
every 4 hrs.
A good indication of thrombosis is:
when palpating the toes they are cold to the touch or blue in colour
using a Doppler machine to locate a pulse in the catheter limb
when palpating the vein the site feels thickened and chord-like
all of the above
“Shorty,” a long haired dachshund, is displaying the following signs: injected mucous membranes, fever and leukocytosis. These are signs of:
Bloat
Septicemia
Gastroenteritis
Gastric ulcer
A catheter should be removed at first notice of:
Phlebitis/thrombosis
Fever
Sepsis
All of the above
What precautions should one take with an orogastric tube?
Premeasure from mouth to caudal rib and mark the tube
Kink the tube prior to removing it so as to not aspirate any liquids into trachea
Syringe air into tube prior to removing it to ensure tube is empty
All of the above
Pain elicits which of the following responses?
ataxia
hunger
cardiovascular and respiratory irregularities
nystagmus
When placing a nasogastric tube if you aspirate air; negative pressure; fluid; you are in:
Trachea, esophagus; stomach
Esophagus; trachea; stomach
Trachea; stomach; esophagus
Esophagus; bronchi; stomach
Which type of injection will prolong the initiation of pain relief but
duration will last longer?
Subcutaneous, I.V. , intramuscular
intramuscular, IV subcutaneous
Subcutaneous, intramuscular, IV
IV, subcutaneous, intramuscular
The fentanyl topical patch takes how long to take effect?
4 hrs.
6hrs.
8 hrs
24 hrs
The proper way to eliminate secretions from the lungs is to:
coupage, walk, nebulize
nebulize, coupage, walk
coupage, nebulize, walk
nebulize, walk, coupage
Applying heat to a traumatized region will:
stimulate muscle activity
stimulate circulation
draw heat and thus soreness away from the area
draw inflammatory agents out of the region
Which of the following is not a contraindication for coupaging?
bleeding disorders
pneumonia
chest tube
chest trauma
