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anatomy lecture exam 2

Total questions: 93

Worksheet time: 23hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which type of cell junction would you expect to find anchoring the cells of the epidermis to each other? This type of junction gives the skin its ability to endure stretching and other mechanical stresses without tearing.

a)

tight junctions

b)

gap junctions

c)

desmosomes

d)

hemidesmosomes

e)

adherent junctions

2.

This type of junction contains tiny fluid-filled tunnels called connexons which allow the movement of ions and small molecules between cells. It is found between muscles cells of the heart and in organs with smooth muscle tissue, such as the gastrointestinal tract.

a)

tight junctions

b)

gap junctions

c)

desmosomes

d)

hemidesmosomes

e)

adherens junctions

3.

If you wanted to design a tissue that restricted the movement of water and other molecules between adjacent cells, which type of junction would you use to connect the cells?

a)

tight junctions

b)

gap junctions

c)

desmosomes

d)

hemidesmosomes

e)

adherent junctions

4.

what type of tissue is this?

a)

squamous

b)

cuboidal

c)

columnar

d)

stratified

5.

Which tissue, depending on its location, and functions, is sometimes called endothelia or mesothelia?

a)

simple columnar epithelium

b)

areolar connective tissue

c)

granular epithelia

d)

simple squamous epithelium

e)

adipose tissue

6.

Which type of tissue is found in the tubules of kidneys, the covering of the ovaries, and also in glandular tissues such as the thyroid gland? Its function is absorption and secretion.

a)

simple squamous epithelium

b)

dense irregular connective tissue

c)

simple cuboidal epithelium

d)

stratified cuboidal epithelium

e)

reticular connective tissue

7.

Which type of exocrine gland are sebaceous (oil) glands?

a)

merocrine

b)

apocrine

c)

holocrine

d)

endoplasmic gland

e)

vesicular gland

8.

All connective tissues consist of two basic elements: cells and__.

a)

collagen fibers

b)

chondrocytes

c)

adipose tissue

d)

extracellular matrix

e)

reticular fibers

9.

The function of __ is to store triglycerides.

a)

mast cells

b)

fibroblasts

c)

plasma cells

d)

adipocytes

e)

macrophages

10.

Which type of connective tissue provides the supporting framework for the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow?

a)

reticular

b)

loose

c)

areolar

d)

dense regular

e)

adipose

11.

Where would you be able to find dense regular connective tissue in the body?

a)

in the dermis of the skin

b)

as padding around the heart or kidneys

c)

in the spleen and lymph nodes

d)

in tendons and ligaments

e)

cartilage

12.

A flat sheet of tissue that covers or lines a body surface (either interior or exterior), and that has both an epithelial and connective tissue layer is called a __.

a)

reticular layer

b)

lamina propria

c)

dermal layer

d)

epithelial membrane

e)

lamellae

13.

Which of these serous membranes lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs?

a)

pleurae

b)

pericardium

c)

peritoneum

d)

cutaneous membrane

e)

synovial membrane

14.

what type of tissue is mesothelium?

a)

stratified squamous epithelium

b)

simple squamous epithelium

c)

transitional epithelium

d)

endothelium

15.

Which type of muscle tissue would have these characteristics: branched cells, usually has one nucleus, has striations (a striped appearance)?

a)

skeletal

b)

cardiac

c)

smooth

16.

which part of a neuron typically receives input?

a)

axon

b)

dendrites

c)

cell body

d)

both axon and dendrites

e)

none of these

17.

When a tissue or organ has become damaged, scarring and possible loss of functionality can occur if ____ cells of the stroma (the supportive connective tissue of that organ) are damaged.

a)

fibroblasts

b)

parenchymal cells

c)

mast cells

d)

adipocytes

e)

chondrocytes

18.

Appositional growth of cartilage only occurs in childhood and adolescence.

a)

true

b)

false

19.

In somatic cell division, a cell undergoes a nuclear division called __, and a division of its cytoplasm called ___.

a)

the cell cycle / cytokinesis

b)

meiosis / mitosis

c)

mitosis / cytokinesis

d)

prophase / cytokinesis

e)

mitosis / telophase

20.

In the accompanying image, the cell's DNA has been replicated prior to somatic cell division. Which of the lines is pointing to the centromere? 

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

21.

What happens to the two chromatids during anaphase in somatic cell division?

a)

both chromatids go into one of the new cells being formed

b)

the structure duplicates itself, and each new cell will get a set of two chromatids

c)

the center region splits, and each identical new cell gets one chromatid

d)

the center region splits, and both chromatids replicate, and two identical chromatids go into each new cell

e)

none of these are correct statements of what happens

22.

What happens to the two chromatids during anaphase II in reproductive cell division?  

a)

both chromatids go into one of the new cells being formed

b)

the structure duplicates itself, and each new cell will get a set of two chromatids

c)

the center region splits, and each new cell gets one chromatid

d)

the center region splits, and both chromatids replicate, and two identical chromatids go into each new cell

e)

none of these are correct statements of what happens

23.

Which is TRUE about meiosis?

a)

In meiosis, sister chromatids stay together

b)

There is no S phase required for meiosis to take place

c)

In meiosis, homologous chromosomes stay together

d)

In meiosis, homologous chromosomes are separated into different cells

24.

Which phase of meiosis is most like mitosis and why?

a)

Meiosis I, because it produces haploid cells

b)

Meiosis II, because sister chromatids are separated

c)

Meiosis II, because the end result is 4 cells

25.

The skin is also known as a (the)_.

a)

cutaneous membrane

b)

serous membrane

c)

dermal membrane

d)

reticular membrane

e)

synovial membrane

26.

Which type of epithelium makes up the epidermis?

a)

stratified cuboidal

b)

stratified columnar

c)

keratinized stratified cuboidal

d)

keratinized stratified squamous

e)

keratinized stratified columnar

27.

somatic cell division differs from reproductive cell division in all of the following ways EXCEPT

a)

somatic cell division involves any cell of the body except germ cells

b)

somatic cell division is termed mitosis while reproductive cell division is termed meiosis

c)

somatic cell division produces identical cells with the same # & kind of chromosomes while reproductive cell division produces cell with Half the # of chromosomes

d)

somatic cell division only occurs in the ovaries and testes

28.

which of the following is mismatched?

a)

prophase- chromatin fibers condense into paired chromatids

b)

metaphase- centromeres of chromatid pairs line up at the metaphase plate

c)

anaphase- centromeres split and identical sets of chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell

d)

telophase- nuclear envelopes and nucleoli reappear

e)

interphase- biotic spindle disappears

29.

on the way to class, Carl tripped and injured his arm. The next morning his arm was badly bruised and showed signs of inflammation. Were the injured cells in his arm undergoing apoptosis or necrosis?

a)

apoptosis

b)

necrosis

30.

In the below image, look carefully at the structure labeled C. What happens to it during anaphase in somatic cell division?

a)

the center region splits, and each identical new cell gets one half of the "X" shaped structure

b)

entire structure goes into one of the new cells being formed

c)

structure duplicates itself, and each new cell will get a complete "X" shaped structure

d)

center region splits, and both halves replicate, and two identical sections go into each new cell

e)

non of these are correct statements of what happens

31.

sister chromatids of a pair of homologous chromosomes form tetrads, and cross-over (exchange of genetic information between regions of non-sister chromatids in the tetrad) occurs during which phase?

a)

miotic prophase

b)

meiotic prophase I

c)

mitotic metaphase

d)

meiotic metaphase I

e)

meiotic prophase II

32.

DNA replication

a)

can also be called mitosis

b)

requires the use of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA

c)

takes place during S interphase of the cell cycle

d)

reduce the number of chromosomes by half

33.

Which of the following reduces the number of chromosomes by half?

a)

separation of chromatids

b)

separation of homologous chromosomes

c)

cytokinesis

d)

synapsis

34.

what is nuclear division in a somatic cell called?

a)

cytokinesis

b)

meiosis

c)

mitosis

d)

prophase

e)

telophase

35.

during this phase of cell division, organelles duplicate and centrosome replication begins

a)

interphase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

prophase

e)

telophase

36.

during this phase of cell division, the centromeres split leading to separation and subsequent migration of the two members of a chromatid pair to opposite poles of the cells. the cleavage furrow also begins to develop during this phase

a)

prophase

b)

interphase

c)

anaphase

d)

metaphase

e)

telophase

37.

cells are genetically programmed to die, responding to cell signals that can come from outside or inside the cell. this process is called necrosis and is a normal way to regulate cell numbers during fetal development and within tissues and organs after birth

a)

true

b)

false

38.

the basic types of human tissues are:

a)

epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous

b)

epithelial, membranous, muscular and nervous

c)

muscular, nerveuse, epithelial and mesenteric

d)

epithelial, connective, muscular and glandular

39.

which types of cell junctions prevent the contents of organs from leaking into surrounding tissues?

a)

tight junctions

b)

adherens junctions

c)

desmosomes

d)

hemidesomomes

e)

gap junctions

40.

which of the following statements is incorrect?

a)

simple squamous epithelium consists of one layer of long thin rectangular cells

b)

stratified cuboidal epithelium consists of two or more layers of cube shaped cells

c)

pseudo stratified epithelium has nuclei at different heights but all cells rest on the basement membrane

d)

transitional epithelium is a type of stratified epithelium

41.

all of the following characteristics are shared by all epithelial cells EXCEPT:

a)

cells are arranged in continuous sheets

b)

there is little space between plasma membranes

c)

all cells have lateral surfaces which face the adjacent cells on either side

d)

the surface of the cell in contact with the basement membrane is the apical surface

42.

Connective tissues and epithelia differ in that:

a)

Most connective tissue is highly vascularized

b)

Connective tissue consists of cell matrix and fibers

c)

One type of connective tissue stores energy

d)

Connective tissues are not found on body surfaces

e)

the two differ in all of the above

43.

interstitial growth of cartilage refers to growth within the cartilage while appositional growth refers to growth at the outer surface

a)

true

b)

false

44.

which of the following statements is/are false?

a)

serous membranes, such as the pericardium, line the thoracic cavity and cover the lungs

b)

mucous membranes would be found lining the digestive tract, respiratory tract and reproductive tract

c)

in synovial membranes, synovial fluid lubricates and nourishes the cartilage that covers bones at moveable joints

d)

the skin is a cutaneous membrane

45.

cardiac and smooth muscle are striated

a)

true

b)

false

46.

which kind of tissue has dendrites that receive impulses and axons that conduct impulses

a)

epithelial

b)

connective

c)

muscular

d)

nervous

47.

tissue regeneration is possible if ____ (cells) accomplish the repair

a)

fibroblasts

b)

parenchymal

c)

neuroglia

d)

amitotic

48.

of the four basic tissue types, which one is able generate electrical signals that can trigger muscles contractions or glandular secretions

a)

epithelial tissue

b)

connective tissue

c)

muscular tissue

d)

nervous tissue

49.

this tissue covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs such as the stomach and bladder

a)

epithelial tissue

b)

connective tissue

c)

muscular tissue

d)

nervous tissue

50.

these types of cell junctions anchor adjacent cells together and resist their separation during contractile activites

a)

gap junctions and tight junctions

b)

hemidesomosome and tight junctions

c)

desmosomes and gap junctions

d)

tight junctions and hemidesomosomes

e)

adherens junctions and desmosomes

51.

in the diagram shown below, which cell junction uses keratin reinforce the stability of the cell

a)

a

b)

b

c)

c

d)

d

e)

e

52.

this tissue has an extensive extracellular matrix, usually has many blood vessels, and provides oxygen and nutrients to overlying tissues

a)

epithelial tissue

b)

connective tissue

c)

muscular tissue

d)

nervous tissue

53.

this type of epithelium has elastic properties. it is able to stretch and return to a less stretched condition. when stretched, the cells at the top flatten out and when relaxed they become rounded, what is this tissue?

a)

stratified squamous

b)

stratified cuboidal

c)

stratified columnar

d)

transitional

e)

pseudo stratified columnar

54.

which type of exocrine gland are sebaceous gland

a)

merocrine

b)

apocrine

c)

holocrine

d)

endoplasmic glands

e)

vesicular glands

55.

which of the following is not an example of an exocrine gland

a)

sweat glands

b)

sebaceous gland

c)

mammary glands

d)

pituitary gland

e)

salivary gland

56.

which property of epithelium enables it to form coverings and linings of the body

a)

epithelium is avascular

b)

epithelium can regenerate rapidly

c)

epithelium is attached at the basement membrane

d)

epithelial cells are closely packed and the cells are tightly adhered to one another

57.

which type of connective tissue provides the supporting framework for the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow?

a)

reticular

b)

loose

c)

areolar

d)

dense regular

e)

adipose

58.

this type of connective tissue has no direct blood supply in its extracellular matrix, which makes it slow to heal

a)

reticular

b)

areolar

c)

cartilage

d)

dense irregular

e)

adipose

59.

which of the following is not an epithelial membrane

a)

mucous membrane

b)

serous membrane

c)

synovial membrane

d)

cutaneous membrane

60.

which type of muscle tissue is under the voluntary control of our nervous system. we can consciously control the movement of this type of muscle tissue

a)

skeletal

b)

cardiac

c)

smooth

61.

which part of a neuron typically receives input?

a)

axon

b)

dendrite

c)

cell body

d)

both axon and dendrite

62.

if you get a cut, your body needs to make new cells:

a)

mitosis

b)

meiosis

63.

cells with all 46 chromosomes

(a)  

64.

(a)   cells has 23 chromosomes

65.

distribution of the two identical sets of chromosomes into two separate nuclei

(a)  

66.

cytoplasmic division ending with 2 identical offspring cells

(a)  

67.

order of four stages of m phase

(a)  

68.

which stage

a)

prophase

b)

telophase

c)

anaphase

d)

metaphase

69.

which stage

a)

prophase

b)

telophase

c)

anaphase

d)

metaphase

70.

(a)   fibers condense and shorten into chromosomes

71.

regions of the chromatin where two chromatids are held together

a)

centromeres

b)

kinetochore

c)

centrosomes

d)

mitotic spindle

72.

protein complex at centromere

a)

centromeres

b)

kinetochore

c)

centrosomes

d)

mitotic spindle

73.

organelles that organize microtubules

a)

centromeres

b)

kinetochore

c)

centrosomes

d)

mitotic spindle

74.

which stage

a)

prophase

b)

telophase

c)

anaphase

d)

metaphase

75.

which stage

a)

prophase

b)

telophase

c)

anaphase

d)

metaphase

76.

division of the parent cell's cytoplasm and organelles

(a)  

77.

2 homologues x 2 sister chromatids= 4 copies of a chromosome

(a)  

78.

90% of dead skin cells

a)

melanocytes

b)

adipocytes

c)

keratinocytes

d)

merkel cells

79.

which layer consists on average 25 to 30 layers of flattened keratinocytes

a)

corneum

b)

lucidum

c)

granulosm

d)

spinosum

e)

basale

80.

the pigment-producing cells of the epidermis are located in which layer

a)

corneum

b)

lucidum

c)

granulosm

d)

spinosum

e)

basale

81.

Which epidermal layer marks the transition between metabolically active cells of lower layers and the dead layers of keratinocytes of the upper layers.

a)

corneum

b)

lucidum

c)

granulosm

d)

spinosum

e)

basale

82.

name the structure that secure the nail at the fingertip

a)

eponychium

b)

hyponychium

c)

nail body

d)

nail root

83.

where are hair follicles located

a)

papillary dermis

b)

reticular dermis

c)

epidermis

d)

sebaceous gland

84.

wounds that only damage the epidermis won't bleed because the epidermis is__

a)

keratinized

b)

impermable

c)

germproof

d)

avascular

85.

which gland produces sweat

a)

sudoriferous gland

b)

salivary gland

c)

ceruminous gland

d)

sebaceous gland

86.

about 90% of the cells of the epidermis are of which types

a)

melanocytes

b)

adipocytes

c)

keratinocytes

d)

merkel cells

e)

langerhans cells

87.

which of the following is not a correct statement about melanin

a)

granules of melanin are produced and exported by melanocytes

b)

melanin granules are the source of skin pigmentation

c)

melanin is necessary for the production of vitamin D by the skin

d)

melanin pigment protects DNA from damaging UV light

e)

melanin granules are taken up by keratinocytes

88.

it takes 4-6 weeks for a keratinocytes to form in the stratum basale, become keratinized in its journey through the upper layers of the epidermis, and to finally be sloughed off as a dead skin cell

a)

true

b)

false

89.

the alternate name for the stratum basale, the stratum ___, suggests its role in forming new cells

a)

spinosum

b)

granulosm

c)

germinativum

d)

lucidum

90.

which of the following functions of the skin explains the skin's pink hue

a)

cutaneous sensation

b)

thermoregulation

c)

blood reservoir

d)

protection

91.

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium composes the

a)

epithelium

b)

hypodermis

c)

subcutaneous

d)

dermis

e)

superficial fascia

92.

this layer is attached to the basement membrane by hemidesomes and to other cells by desmosomes

a)

spinosum

b)

lucidum

c)

basale

d)

corneum

e)

granulosum

93.

dense irregular connect tissue will found in the

a)

hypodermis

b)

epidermis

c)

basment membrane

d)

dermis

e)

subcutaneous layer

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