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AP Bio Unit 1 Review

Total questions: 84

Worksheet time: 42mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following does not result from hydrogen bonding in water molecules?

a)

Cohesion

b)

Adhesion

c)

Surface Tension

d)

Dissolving fats

2.

Why is water considered polar?

a)

Nonpolar covalent bonds in structure

b)

Ionic bonds in structure

c)

Polar covalent bonds in structure

d)

Hydrophobic interaction in structure

3.

Which macromolecule(s) have nitrogen?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Proteins

c)

Nucleic Acids

d)

Nucleic Acids & Proteins

4.

Which macromolecule(s) have phosphorus?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Proteins

c)

Nucleic Acids

d)

Fats

5.

Which macromolecule(s) have sulfur?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Proteins

c)

Nucleic Acids

d)

Fats

6.

Describes the forming of a bond between monomers with the removal of a water molecule.

a)

Hydrolysis

b)

Dehydration

7.

Describes the breaking of a bond within a polymer using water.

a)

Hydrolysis

b)

Dehydration

8.

Which of the following is NOT in the monomer of a nucleic acid?

a)

pentose sugar

b)

nitrogenous base

c)

phosphate

d)

amino acid

9.

Which of the following is NOT in the monomer of a protein?

a)

Amine Group

b)

R Group

c)

Carboxyl Group

d)

Nitrogenous Base

10.

Describe the orientation of the phospholipids in the membrane.

a)

Phospholipids orient in bilayer with hydrophilic heads on exterior

b)

Phospholipids orient in monolayer with hydrophilic head on extracellular

c)

Phospholipids orient in bilayer with hydrophobic tails on exterior

d)

Phospholipids orient in monolayer with hydrophobic tails on extracellular

11.

How is DNA/RNA synthesis directionally oriented?

a)

new nucleotides are added to 5' phosphate

b)

new nucleotides are added to 3' phosphate

c)

new nucleotides are added to 5' hydroxyl

d)

new nucleotides are added to 3' hydroxyl

12.

Identify the pairing and number of bonds in DNA double helix

a)

A pairs with T (2 bonds) & G pairs with C (3 bonds)

b)

A pairs with G (2 bonds) & T pairs with C (3 bonds)

c)

A pairs with T (3 bonds) & G pairs with C (2 bonds)

d)

A pairs with G (3 bonds) & T pairs with C (2 bonds)

13.

What component of the polypeptide is the next amino acid added forming the peptide bond?

a)

amino group

b)

hydrogen

c)

carboxyl group

d)

R groups

14.

Which protein involves R group bonding to form the final three dimensional structure?

a)

primary

b)

secondary

c)

tertiary

d)

quaternary

15.

Which protein structure involves the peptide bonds between amino acids?

a)

primary

b)

secondary

c)

tertiary

d)

quaternary

16.

DNA and RNA differ on many qualities, which of the following is NOT a difference?

a)

Sugar

b)

Nitrogenous Base

c)

Phosphate Group

d)

Strandedness

17.

Which of the following are the 4 essential elements that make up 96% of living matter?

a)

H, O, N, P

b)

C, O, N, H

c)

C, O, S, H

d)

O, S, P, N

18.

Which of the following element(s) are found in proteins?

a)

Carbon / Hydrogen

b)

Oxygen

c)

Phosphorus

d)

Nitrogen

e)

Sulfur

19.

Which of the following is the monomer of a protein?

a)

Amino acid

b)

Monosaccharide

c)

Nucleotide

d)

Steroid

20.

Which of the following functional groups is found in all amino acids?

a)

Amino

b)

Carboxyl

c)

Hydroxyl

d)

Sulfhydryl

21.

Which of the following requires the dehydration reaction of two amino acids?

a)

Carboxyl group of first amino acid binds with carboxyl group of second amino acid

b)

Carboxyl group of first amino acid binds with amino group of second amino acid

c)

R group of first amino acid binds with R group of second amino acid

d)

Amino group of first amino acid binds with amino group of second amino acid

22.

Which of the following bonds is found in the secondary structure of a protein?

a)

Hydrogen

b)

Peptide

c)

Covalent

d)

Ionic

23.

Which of the following structures involves the R groups interacting in a single polypeptide?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

24.

The amino acid glutamic acid has a R group with a negative charge. During folding, which of the following describes the orientation of the R group?

a)

Exterior of protein due to negative charge providing hydrophilic properties

b)

Exterior of protein due to negative charge providing hydrophobic properties

c)

Interior of protein due to negative charge providing hydrophobic properties

d)

Interior of protein due to negative charge providing hydrophilic properties

25.

In terms of directionality of the protein, which of the following provides naming for the side with the amino group?

a)

A-terminus

b)

C-terminus

c)

N-terminus

d)

S-terminus

26.

In terms of directionality of the protein, which of the following provides naming for the side with the carboxyl group?

a)

A-terminus

b)

C-terminus

c)

N-terminus

d)

S-terminus

27.

Which of the following identifies the number of water molecules needed to remove the amino acids from a polypeptide with 20 amino acids?

a)

19

b)

20

c)

21

d)

22

28.

Which of the following element(s) are found in lipids?

a)

Carbon / Hydrogen

b)

Oxygen

c)

Phosphorus

d)

Sulfur

e)

Nitrogen

29.

Which of the following is NOT a lipid?

a)

Steroid

b)

Fat

c)

Lipase

d)

Phospholipid

30.

Which of the following describes the difference between a phospholipid and a fat?

a)

Phospholipids are polar and fats are nonpolar

b)

Phospholipids are nonpolar and fats are polar

c)

Phospholipids have one more fatty acid than fats

d)

Phospholipids have one less fatty acid than fats

31.

Phospholipids are amphipathic. Which of the following describes how that term applies to phospholipids?

a)

The phosphate group is nonpolar and the fatty acids are polar

b)

The phosphate group is polar and the fatty acids are nonpolar

c)

The phosphate group can amplify signal transduction by phosphorylating signaling molecules

d)

Fatty acids can amplify signal transduction by phosphorylating signaling molecules

32.

Steroids are a type of hormone. Polar materials require a transport protein while nonpolar materials can easily pass through the plasma membrane. Which of the following describes how steroid hormones enter the cell.

a)

Steroids are polar so they pass easily through the plasma membrane

b)

Steroids are nonpolar so they pass easily through the plasma membrane

c)

Steroids are polar so they require a transport protein to pass through the plasma membrane

d)

Steroids are nonpolar so they require a transport protein to pass through the plasma membrane

33.

Which of the following describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

a)

Saturated fatty acids are more polar than unsaturated fatty acids

b)

Unsaturated fatty acids are more polar than saturated fatty acids

c)

Saturated fatty acids have more double bonds than unsaturated fatty acids

d)

Unsaturated fatty acids have more double bonds than saturated fatty acids

34.

Lipids are polymers.

a)

True

b)

False

35.

Which of the following describes the function of cholesterol (a steroid) in the plasma membrane?

a)

Cholesterol is a polar compound that that aids in transport of polar substances across the membrane

b)

Cholesterol acts as a receptor molecule to bind to signaling molecules in the signal transduction pathway

c)

Cholesterol provides energy for active transport across the plasma membrane

d)

Cholesterol binds to the fatty acid tails to maintain fluidity of the membrane

36.

Which of the following describes the process to add a fatty acid to the glycerol in a triglyceride?

a)

This is a dehydration reaction leading to water loss

b)

This is a hydrolysis reaction leading to water loss

c)

This is a dehydration reaction leading to water used

d)

This is a hydrolysis reaction leading to water used

37.

Which of the following describes why lipids are hydrophobic?

a)

Lipids are composed mostly of hydrocarbons which are nonpolar

b)

Lipids have hydrogen bonds that repel the hydrogen bonds in water

c)

Lipids have more neutrons in their atoms, making the compound neutral

d)

Lipids are gaseous materials that do not dissolve in water

38.

What element(s) are in carbohydrates?

a)

Carbon / Hydrogen

b)

Oxygen

c)

Phosphorus

d)

Nitrogen

e)

Sulfur

39.

Which of the following are structural polysaccharides?

a)

Cellulose

b)

Glycogen

c)

Chitin

d)

Starch

40.

Which of the following are storage polysaccharides?

a)

Cellulose

b)

Glycogen

c)

Chitin

d)

Starch

41.

What polysaccharides are animals unable to break and why?

a)

Cellulose due to alpha glyosidic linkages

b)

Cellulose due to beta glyosidic linkages

c)

Starch due to alpha glyosidic linkages

d)

Starch due to beta glyosidic linkages

42.

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

a)

Glucose

b)

Maltose

c)

Lactose

d)

Sucrose

43.

Which of the following describes the process involved in metabolizing carbohydrates?

a)

During hydrolysis a water molecule is added to break the bond between the monosaccharide and polysaccharide chain

b)

During hydrolysis a water molecule is removed to break the bond between the monosaccharide and polysaccharide chain

c)

During dehydration synthesis a water molecule is removed to break the bond between the monosaccharide and polysaccharide chain

d)

During dehydration synthesis a water molecule is added to break the bond between the monosaccharide and polysaccharide chain

44.

Which of the following is the structural polysaccharide found in the cell wall of plants?

a)

Chitin

b)

Cellulose

c)

Peptidoglycan

d)

Glycogen

45.

Which of the following is the structural polysaccharide found in the cell wall of fungi?

a)

Chitin

b)

Cellulose

c)

Peptidoglycan

d)

Glycogen

46.

Which of the following is the structural polysaccharide found in the cell wall of prokaryotes?

a)

Chitin

b)

Cellulose

c)

Peptidoglycan

d)

Glycogen

47.

If two glucose molecules (C6H12O6) undergo a dehydration reaction, which of the following represents the chemical formulas for the product(s)?

a)

2 C6H12O6

b)

C12H24O12

c)

C12H22O11 + H2O

d)

C12H24O12 + H2O

48.

What type of bond is found BETWEEN water molecules?

a)

Hydrogen bonds

b)

Ionic bonds

c)

Nonpolar covalent bonds

d)

Polar covalent bonds

49.

Surface tension of water is the cohesive force between water molecules and other molecules.

a)

True

b)

False

50.

Cohesive force between water molecules and adhesive force between water molecules and other molecules enable this phenomenon to occur.

a)

Surface tension

b)

Capillary action

c)

Float on water

d)

Photosynthesis

51.

Which end of the water molecule has a slightly positive charge?

a)

The hydrogen end

b)

The oxygen end

c)

Both ends are slightly positive

d)

Neither end is positive

52.

What word describes when water is attracted to other substances?

a)

Cohesion

b)

Adhesion

c)

Capillary action

d)

Surface tension

53.

When water molecules stick easily to other water molecules, this is called what?

a)

Cohesion

b)

Adhesion

c)

Solution

d)

Polar molecule

54.

Water beads up on the surface of a penny because of what property?

a)

Adhesion

b)

High surface tension

c)

Universal solvent

d)

Changes in density

55.

The fact that ice floats on liquid water is due to the fact that water's solid form is _____________ than its liquid form.

a)

Less polar

b)

More polar

c)

Less dense

d)

More dense

56.

The tightness across the surface of water that enables insects to walk on it is

a)

Adhesion

b)

Capillary action

c)

Surface tension

d)

Polarity

57.

Which statement explains why water molecules stick together?

a)

Both sides are negative

b)

One side has a positive charge and the other side has a negative charge

c)

One side has a negative charge and the other side has a neutral charge

d)

Both sides are positive

58.

Large bodies of water help to keep nearby climates from being too hot or too cold because they

a)

Absorb heat in the spring and slowly release that heat in the fall

b)

Absorb heat in the fall and slowly release that heat in the spring

c)

Absorb heat in the summer and slowly release that heat in the winter

d)

Absorb heat in the winter and slowly release that heat in the summer

59.

Which of the following does not result from hydrogen bonding in water molecules?

a)

Cohesion

b)

Adhesion

c)

Surface Tension

d)

Dissolving fats

60.

Why is water considered polar?

a)

Nonpolar covalent bonds in structure

b)

Ionic bonds in structure

c)

Polar covalent bonds in structure

d)

Hydrophobic interaction in structure

61.

Which macromolecule(s) have nitrogen?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Proteins

c)

Nucleic Acids

d)

Nucleic Acids & Proteins

62.

Which macromolecule(s) have phosphorus?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Proteins

c)

Nucleic Acids

d)

Fats

63.

Which macromolecule(s) have sulfur?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Proteins

c)

Nucleic Acids

d)

Fats

64.

Describes the forming of a bond between monomers with the removal of a water molecule.

a)

Hydrolysis

b)

Dehydration

65.

Describes the breaking of a bond within a polymer using water.

a)

Hydrolysis

b)

Dehydration

66.

Which of the following is NOT in the monomer of a nucleic acid?

a)

pentose sugar

b)

nitrogenous base

c)

phosphate

d)

amino acid

67.

Which of the following is NOT in the monomer of a protein?

a)

Amine Group

b)

R Group

c)

Carboxyl Group

d)

Nitrogenous Base

68.

Describe the orientation of the phospholipids in the membrane.

a)

Phospholipids orient in bilayer with hydrophilic heads on exterior

b)

Phospholipids orient in monolayer with hydrophilic head on extracellular

c)

Phospholipids orient in bilayer with hydrophobic tails on exterior

d)

Phospholipids orient in monolayer with hydrophobic tails on extracellular

69.

How is DNA/RNA synthesis directionally oriented?

a)

new nucleotides are added to 5' phosphate

b)

new nucleotides are added to 3' phosphate

c)

new nucleotides are added to 5' hydroxyl

d)

new nucleotides are added to 3' hydroxyl

70.

Identify the pairing and number of bonds in DNA double helix

a)

A pairs with T (2 bonds) & G pairs with C (3 bonds)

b)

A pairs with G (2 bonds) & T pairs with C (3 bonds)

c)

A pairs with T (3 bonds) & G pairs with C (2 bonds)

d)

A pairs with G (3 bonds) & T pairs with C (2 bonds)

71.

What component of the polypeptide is the next amino acid added forming the peptide bond?

a)

amino group

b)

hydrogen

c)

carboxyl group

d)

R groups

72.

Which protein involves R group bonding to form the final three dimensional structure?

a)

primary

b)

secondary

c)

tertiary

d)

quaternary

73.

Which protein structure involves the peptide bonds between amino acids?

a)

primary

b)

secondary

c)

tertiary

d)

quaternary

74.

DNA and RNA differ on many qualities, which of the following is NOT a difference?

a)

Sugar

b)

Nitrogenous Base

c)

Phosphate Group

d)

Strandedness

75.

Which of the following element(s) are found in nucleic acids?

a)

Carbon / Hydrogen

b)

Oxygen

c)

Phosphorus

d)

Nitrogen

e)

Sulfur

76.

Which of the following is the monomer of a nucleic acid?

a)

Amino acid

b)

Monosaccharide

c)

Nucleotide

d)

Nitrogenous base

77.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three comprising the nucleotide?

a)

R group

b)

Phosphate

c)

Nitrogenous base

d)

Pentose sugar

78.

Which of the following describes the difference between a purine and a pyrimidine?

a)

Purines are single ring structures while pyrimidines are double ring structures

b)

Pyrimidines are single ring structures while purines are double ring structures

c)

Purines are composed of single bonds while pyrimidines are composed of double bonds

d)

Pyrimidines are composed of single bonds while purines are composed of double bonds

79.

Which of the following are purines?

a)

Adenine

b)

Cytosine

c)

Guanine

d)

Thymine

e)

Uracil

80.

Which of the following are pyrimidines?

a)

Adenine

b)

Cytosine

c)

Guanine

d)

Thymine

e)

Uracil

81.

Which of the following describes the base pairing and bonding involved with nitrogenous bases?

a)

Adenine binds with cytosine with two hydrogen bonds

b)

Adenine binds with thymine with two hydrogen bonds

c)

Adenine binds with guanine with three hydrogen bonds

d)

Adenine binds with uracil with three hydrogen bonds

82.

Which of the following describes a DNA strand that would be most stable at high temperatures?

a)

25% A/T and

75% G/C

b)

50% A/T and

50% G/C

c)

75% A/T and

25% G/C

d)

100% A/T and

0% G/C

83.

If a researcher investigating a RNA strand discovers it contains 36% uracil, which of the following identifies the amount of cytosine?

a)

14%

b)

28%

c)

64%

d)

Cannot be determined

84.

Which of the following describes the directionality of nucleic acids?

a)

5' end has a hydroxyl and 3' end has a phosphate

b)

5' end has a phosphate and 3' end has a hydroxyl

c)

5' end has an amino group and 3' end has a carboxyl group

d)

5' end has a carboxyl group and 3' end has an amino group

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