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The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Total questions: 87

Worksheet time: 1hrs 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which is FALSE?

a)

simple sugars are monosaccharides.

b)

DNA is made up of nucleotides.

c)

Proteins are made of amino acids.

d)

Monomers are made of polymers.

2.

Some proteins are catalysts in chemical reactions, meaning they speed them up. What are these proteins called?

a)

monomers

b)

enzymes

c)

quickens

d)

neutrons

3.

Which is NOT a function of proteins?

a)

They provide a hydrophobic membrane

b)

They act as antibodies in the immune system

c)

They make-up structures such as muscles

d)

They regulate cell processes by helping to speed up chemical reactions (enzymes)

4.

A protein denatures when

a)

temperature rises above functional level

b)

it is placed in an environment with a pH outside of its normal range

c)

when placed in its normal environmental conditions

5.

Which of the following macromolecules is hydrophobic (repels water), and so makes them perfect for forming membranes.

a)

lipids

b)

carbs

c)

proteins

d)

nucleic acids

6.

This macromolecule provides the genetic code to pass on to offspring and the template to make proteins.

a)

carbs

b)

lipids

c)

proteins

d)

nucleic acids

7.

Many amino acids bonded together makes up a

a)

polysaccharide

b)

disaccharide

c)

polypeptide

d)

monomer

8.

Which element below is found in all biomacromolecules?

a)

carbon

b)

nitrogen

c)

phosphorous

d)

sulfur

9.

Which sub atomic particle is found in the shell?

a)

Protons

b)

Electrons

c)

Neutrons

d)

None of the above

10.
A group of organic molecules that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose care called...
a)
proteins
b)
carbohydrates
c)
nucleic acids
d)
lipids
11.

A class of biological molecules whose defining characteristic is their non-polar nature. Examples of these include oils and fats.

a)

protein

b)

monomer

c)

lipids

d)

glycogen

12.
This is probably a
a)
protein
b)
fat
c)
nucleic acid
d)
sugar
13.
What is the chemical symbol for the element hydrogen
a)
H
b)
He
c)
h
d)
he
14.
What is the atomic number?
a)
the number of protons
b)
the number of protons and neutrons
c)
the number of neutrons
d)
the number of protons and electrons
15.
Which particle has a positive charge?
a)
electron
b)
orbital
c)
proton
d)
neutron
16.
This particle determines what element you have - the elements identity.
a)
electron
b)
proton
c)
neutron
d)
valence shell
17.
The atomic number tells you what?
a)
number of electrons
b)
number of protons
c)
number of neutrons
d)
both electrons and protons in an atom.
18.

How many neutrons are there in one atom of magnesium?

a)

12

b)

6

c)

24

19.
What is the mass number defined as?
a)
the number of protons
b)
the number of protons and neutrons
c)
the number of neutrons
d)
the number of protons and electrons
20.
What is the atomic number of this atom?
a)
1
b)
3
c)
4
d)
7
21.

What is the mass number of this atom?

a)

1

b)

3

c)

4

d)

7

22.

Which subatomic particle has a negative charge in the atom?

a)

proton

b)

neutron

c)

electron

d)

quark

23.

The central region of an atom where its neutrons and protons are is its

a)

nucleus

b)

electron cloud

c)

core

d)

center

24.

An atom with atomic number 6 would have how many protons

a)

6

b)

12

c)

3

d)

cannot be determined

25.

Particles in an atom that are neutral and have no charge are

a)

negatrons

b)

electrons

c)

neutrons

d)

protons

26.

True or False: Neutrons have a negative charge

a)

True

b)

False

27.

What does the 1.00794 stand for?

a)

Hydrogen

b)

atomic number

c)

atomic mass

d)

atomic explosion

28.

What subatomic particles would you find in the nucleus of an atom?

a)

Protons only

b)

Protons and Neutrons

c)

Neutrons and Electrons

d)

Protons and Electrons

29.

What subatomic particle(s) would be found orbiting the nucleus?

a)

Neutrons only

b)

Electrons only

c)

Protons and Neutrons

d)

Protons and Electrons

30.

Anything that has mass and takes up space is called

a)

heterogeneous

b)

homogeneous

c)

matter

d)

density

31.

Valence electrons are found

a)

in the innermost energy level of an atom

b)

in the middle energy levels of an atom

c)

in the outermost energy levels of an atom

32.

When an atom loses an electron, it becomes a

a)

positive ion

b)

negative ion

c)

neutral ion

d)

neutral atom

33.
Two or more atoms held together by a chemical bond is called what?
a)
A molecule
b)
A molecure
34.

TRUE OR FALSE:

Hydrogen bonds are very strong interactions between two atoms.

a)

True

b)

False

35.

The Oxygen atoms in the molecule shown have this charge:

a)

Positive

b)

Partial Positive

c)

Negative

d)

Partial Negative

36.

The Hydrogen atoms in the molecule shown have this charge:

a)

Positive

b)

Partial Positive

c)

Negative

d)

Partial Negative

37.
What happens when the sodium atom loses an electron?
a)
It become negatively charged 
b)
It become positively charged
c)
none
38.

Which part of a water molecule has a Positive Charge?

a)

The Hydrogen

b)

The Oxygen

c)

The Top

d)

The Bottom

39.

Which part of a water molecule has a Negative Charge?

a)

The Hydrogen

b)

The Oxygen

c)

The Left

d)

The Right

40.

What is the correct chemical formula for water?

a)

H2O

b)

HO2

c)

H2O2

d)

2H1O

41.

Which of the following is an example of COHESION?

a)

water sticking to water

b)

water sticking to glass

c)

oil sticking to plastic

d)

hydrogen sticking to oxygen

42.

Water is polar. What does that mean?

a)

it is a molecule with opposite charges on opposite ends

b)

it is a molecule with no charge

c)

it is a molecule with identical charges on opposite ends

d)

it is a molecule with too many protons

43.

Water sticks well to many materials. What term relates to this property of water?

a)

cohesion

b)

adhesion

c)

density

d)

surface tension

44.

What is the term for water's ability to defy gravity and climb up a tube?

a)

Capillary Action

b)

Specific Heat

c)

Universal Solvent

d)

Magic

45.

Why does ice float?

a)

water expands when it freezes, making ice less dense than water

b)

water compacts when it freezes, making ice more dense than water

c)

hydrogen bonds in water push the ice to the surface

d)

ice is afraid of water, and avoids it

46.

At what temperature does water Freeze?

a)

0o C

b)

100o C

c)

32o C

d)

-273o C

47.

What are the bonds called between a slightly positive hydrogen in a polar molecule and a negatively charged atom?

a)

Hydrogen Bonds

b)

Water Bonds

c)

Covalent Bonds

d)

Bail Bonds

48.

A water strider can skate along the top of a pond because:

a)

covalent bonds result in water cohesion (surface tension)

b)

hydrogen bonds result in water cohesion (surface tension)

c)

water striders have adapted to take advantage of water cohesion

d)

water striders are afraid of water and avoid it

49.

At what temperature does water Boil?

a)

0o C

b)

100o C

c)

32o C

d)

212o C

50.

Neutral solutions have a pH of:

a)

0

b)

1

c)

7

d)

14

51.

Vinegar, fruit juice, and cola are examples of:

a)

strong acids

b)

strong bases

c)

strong bases

d)

weak acids

52.

NaOH may be found in drain cleaners and as a component of soaps. Is NaOH an acid or a base?

a)

Acid

b)

Base

c)

Neither (Neutral)

53.

HCl is found in household products, including some toilet bowl cleaners. Is HCl an acid or a base?

a)

Acid

b)

Base

c)

Neither (Neutral)

54.

A sour taste is a characteristic of:

a)

acids

b)

bases

c)

neutral

d)

pH scale

55.

Which is a characteristic of a base?

a)

tastes sour

b)

found mostly in foods

c)

feels slippery

d)

turn litmus paper red

56.

pH is the measure of the concentration of ______.

a)

Acids

b)

H+ ion

c)

OH- ion

d)

Bases

57.
The pH scale is a range from:
a)
1-7
b)
0-14
c)
1-14
d)
1-20
58.
A(n) ______ is a substance with a pH less than 7
a)
Acid
b)
Alkaline
c)
Base
d)
Buffer
59.
A(n) _______ is a substance with a pH greater than 7.
a)
Base
b)
Acid
c)
Buffer
d)
Water
60.
Which solution releases H+ in solution?
a)
Base
b)
Acid
c)
Buffer
d)
Water
61.
This substance releases OH- into solution
a)
Acid
b)
Base
c)
Neutral
62.
A solution with a pH of 3.6 would be...
a)
Acid
b)
Base
c)
Neutral
d)
Acid and Base
63.
A solution with a pH of 8.6 would be...
a)
Acid
b)
Base
c)
Neutral
d)
Acid and Base
64.

What does pH measure?

a)

the amount of hydrogen (H+) ions

b)

the amount of hydroxide (OH-) ions

c)

amount of water

d)

all of the above

65.
A solution with a pH of 7.0 would be...
a)
Acid
b)
Base
c)
Neutral
d)
Acid and Base
66.

Enzymes

a)

speed up chemical reactions

b)

slow down chemical reactions

c)

do nothing to a chemical reaction

67.

How does an enzymes shape relate to its function?

a)

the shape of the enzyme has no relation to its function

b)

the enzyme is shaped specially for certain substrates to perform a specific reaction

c)

the enzyme shape acts as a receptor to certain products

d)

the enzyme shape can fit into specific substrates to cease a reaction

68.

A is the

a)

substrate

b)

enzyme-substrate complex

c)

products

69.

B is the

a)

substrate

b)

enzyme-substrate complex

c)

products

70.

C is the

a)

substrate

b)

enzyme-substrate complex

c)

products

71.

What can affect enzyme ability? (select all that apply)

a)

temperature

b)

inhibitors

c)

pH

d)

enzyme potential

72.

An enzyme ________ the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur.

a)

decreases

b)

increases

c)

does nothing to

d)

increases then decreases

73.

Which color line represent a reaction with an enzyme present?

a)

Blue

b)

Red

c)

Both

d)

Neither

74.

The enzyme and substrates have

a)

adverse shapes

b)

complementary shapes

c)

contrary shapes

d)

similar shapes

75.

The specific location where the substrates bind to the enzyme is called the

a)

specific site

b)

appropriate site

c)

active site

d)

ignition site

76.
Based on the graph, what is the optimal temperature for this enzyme? 
a)
15oC
b)
40oC
c)
30oC
d)
35oC
77.
The graph shows how enzymes affect reactions in cells. Which statement best summarizes the information shown in the graph?
a)
Enzymes increase the energy of the reactants.
b)
Enzymes decrease the energy level of the products.
c)
Enzyme decrease the activation energy of the reaction.
d)
Enzymes reverse the direction of the reaction.
78.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
79.
Which enzyme is most efficient in a basic solution?
a)
A
b)
B
80.
What is a substance called if it speeds up a chemical reaction?
a)
reusable
b)
catalyst
c)
specific
d)
fragile
81.
Homeostasis
a)
allows for a wildly fluctuating internal environment
b)
is impossible in vertebrates
c)
is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation
d)
is the maintenance of a relatively stable external environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation
82.

How many electrons are in the valence shell of Aluminum?

a)

1

b)

3

c)

5

d)

15

83.

How many electrons are in the valence shell of Bromine

a)

1

b)

4

c)

7

d)

8

84.

What is the atomic number of Americium?

a)

95

b)

243

c)

148

d)

13

85.

How many protons are in one atom of argon?

a)

18

b)

9

c)

39

d)

40

86.

How many electrons are in one atom of chlorine?

a)

17

b)

8

c)

35

d)

36

87.

How many neutrons are in one atom of boron?

a)

5

b)

10

c)

11

d)

6

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