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WorksheetsBiology EOC Review 2
Total questions: 92
Worksheet time: 5hrs 17mins
Based on the DNA sequences shown, the unknown species is most closely related to ________.
Species I
Species II
Species III
Species IV
The example shown of these 2 mammals incubating their offspring in a pouch provides evidence that they______.
belong to the same species
must range great distances to eat
have very similar skeletal structures
are descended from a common ancestory
Based on the map shown, which organisms are more closely related?
1 and 4
2 and 6
7 and 8
2 and 3
Based on the table, which organisms are more closely related?
G. atlantica and G. stehini
G. galloti palmae and G. stehini
G. galloti eisentrauti and G. stehini
G. galloti eisentrauti and G. galloti palmae
Which beetles are more fit for the environment?
Green beetles
Brown beetles
What is biological fitness?
Being able to escape from predators
Being among the strongest in a population
Being able to survive, find a mate, and produce offspring.
Being ale to survive long enough to reach adult age.
Based on the cladogram, the chimp will be more closely related to the _________.
Hagfish
Salamander
Lizard
Mouse
Based on the dichotomous key, which organism is purple and has a pointy hump?
Deerus octagis
Deerus humpis
Derus purplinis
Derus deafus
Which two trees are the most closely related?
Taiwan beech and Taiwan catkin yew
Taiwan catkin yew and Lodgepole pine
Lodgepole pine and Japanese maple
Japanese maple and Taiwan beech
Which organisms belong to the kingdom bacteria?
Organisms 1 and 2
Organisms 3 and 4
Organisms 1 and 4
Organisms 2 and 3
Scientists can determine relatedness among organisms by comparing partial amino acid sequences. The table shows four partial amino acid sequences from four organisms.
Organism 1
Organism 2
Organism 3
Organism 4
A student used a microscope to study four members of the phylum Ciliophora. Members of this phylum move when propelled by hundreds of tiny cilia.
families
species
kingdoms
orders
The white cattail is a hybrid species of plant that is a result of the cross between the broad-leaved cattail and the narrow-leaved cattail. Over time, the white cattail has established itself in the wetlands of Midwestern states.
Which of these explains the success of the white cattail?
Favorable genes from parental generations provide advantageous characteristics to the hybrid species.
Hybridization produces offspring traits that allow different species to survive in extreme environments.
Inherited traits passed on from parental generations make hybrid species more susceptible to disease.
Hybrid species display more adaptations due to their reduced genetic diversity.
The relationships among different orders of millipedes are shown in the cladogram.
Stemmiulida is more closely related to Merocheta than Penicillata is to Merocheta.
Spirostreptida is more closely related to Glomerida than Sphaerotheriida is to Glomerida
Polyzoniida is more closely related to Glomeridesmida than Sphaerotheriida is to Glomeridesmida.
Merocheta is more closely related to Glomeridesmida than Glomerida is to Glomeridesmida.
The image shows part of the humerus bone in different genera of primates.
The primates lived in similar environments.
The primates shared a common ancestor.
The primates interbreed with similar organisms in a population.
The primates had diets that consisted of similar types of foods.
The 1918 influenza epidemic killed between 50 million and 100 million people worldwide. THis epidemic happened near the end of World War I. More people died from the influenza epidemic than were killed in the war. Which of the following explains why this virus was so deadly worldwide?
Infected soldiers returning from the war spread the virus when they coughed.
Food was scarce because of the war, so people were undernourished, and their immune systems were weakened.
Medical personnel often became ill as a result of exposure to airborne virus particles.
All of the above
The diagram represents one way an enzyme can be inhibited. Which statement explains the effect of an inhibitor on an enzyme?
A substrate will be able to bond with the enzyme.
The enzyme will likely be attacked by immune cells
The enzyme will be unable to produce more enzymes.
A substrate will be unable to attach to the enzyme.
During the final stages of human gestation, receptors for the hormone oxytocin increase on the smooth muscle cells of the uterus. The release of oxytocin during labor stimulates the smooth muscle tissue in the wall of the uterus. The vigorous contraction of the uterine smooth muscle helps push the baby through the birth canal so that delivery can occur. This process involves the interaction of which organ systems?
Endocrine and muscular only
Endocrine and reproductive only
Endocrine, muscular, and reproductive
Endocrine, reproductive, and excretory
In the early 1900s a scientist hypothesized a link between DNA and the production of protein in the cytoplasm. However, the fact that DNA could not be found outside the nucleus led scientists to believe that another substance was also involved in the synthesis of protein in the cytoplasm. In the 1940s scientists performed an experiment that ultimately identified the site of protein synthesis. They also identified the molecule responsible for transporting information from the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis. What was the newly identified molecule?
a gene
mRNA
ATP
thymine
Which statement best describes the relationship between the products of photosynthesis and the reactants in cellular respiration?
The products of photosynthesis serve as the reactants in cellular respiration to provide chemical energy.
The products of photosynthesis combine with the reactants in cellular respiration to remove ATP from cells.
The products of photosynthesis inhibit the reactants in cellular respiration in the presence of light.
The products of photosynthesis change the structure of the reactants in cellular respiration in the presence of light.
Health professionals sometimes recommend nutritional supplements that contain a variety of species of bacteria to promote good digestive health. The product label for one of these supplements is shown. Why does this type of bacteria-filled supplement benefit human health instead of causing illness?
Stomach acids and digestive enzymes kill the bacteria in this type of supplement, protecting the person against future infections by live organisms.
The human digestive system contains billions of beneficial bacteria that enhance digestion and nutrient absorption, synthesize vitamins, and help limit the growth of harmful bacteria
These species of bacteria remove all other species of microorganisms living in the human digestive system and ensure that no microorganisms survive to contaminate the body.
These bacteria are able to deactivate viruses that may inhabit the human digestive system and are used to protect against further viral infections.
In the early 1980s scientists were able to produce two biomolecules by splicing a human gene into the bacterium E. coli to make recombinant human insulin and growth hormone. Which statement best explains why this experiment was successful?
Human cells are eukaryotic, and E. coli cells are prokaryotic.
All living organisms share the same genome.
The genes for all organisms are composed of the same building blocks.
The human body contains many types of bacteria, including E. coli.
Kidneys are part of the excretory system in a human body. They purify the impure blood and send it back to the rest of the body. Which system is mainly responsible for the transport of plasma to the kidneys?
Respiratory system
Circulatory system
Muscular system
Nervous system
Several structures work together to allow flowering plants to reproduce. The diagram shows a typical flower. Which table correctly identifies the function of each structure or group of structures in the reproduction of the plant?
The complex carbohydrates pictured below are made by linking molecules of glucose. In all three complex carbohydrates, the subunits of glucose are bonded together differently. Because they have different structures, they most likely —
contain different chemical elements
form different proteins
carry different nucleotides
perform different functions
Plants called sundews have rounded green leaves with many hair-like structures. The ends of these structures contain enzymes in a sticky liquid that looks like nectar or moisture, as shown in the picture. The hairs do not react to dust or nonliving material but will bend inward when insects get caught in the sticky liquid. Sundews digest trapped insects over a period of a few days. Based on this information, what functions do the specialized leaves of sundews perform?
Provide water to the plant and perform photosynthesis
Respond to stimuli and anchor the plant
Provide nutrients to the plant and respond to stimuli
Release pollen to insects and perform photosynthesis
Why is blood considered a tissue?
cells working together for a specific purpose
tissues are always red
blood moves through the entire body
blood makes up an organ system
Gibberellins are hormones produced in the root tips of plants. The plant uses these hormones to stimulate the growth of shoots.
How are gibberellins able to affect other parts of the plant?
Gibberellins are absorbed through the stomata and attach to chloroplasts.
Gibberellins are transported through vascular tissues to other parts of the plant.
Gibberellins become concentrated within the tissues of the plant during mitosis.
Gibberellins become modified once they infect healthy cells and are later released to infect other cells.
The fuzzy millipede, Polyxenus fasciculatus, is found in Texas and is preyed upon by most species of ants. To protect itself against the ants, it ejects fibers from a tuft located at the tail end of its body. The tufts have hooks at the tips and barbs along their length that lock and interlink with the ant’s setae, small hairs that cover the body of the ant. When an ant attacks, the millipede flexes its back end toward the ant and wipes the tufts against it. As the ant attempts to remove the tufts, it entangles itself more, becoming immobilized.
Muscular and integumentary
Immune and muscular
Integumentary and endocrine
Endocrine and immune
A chart of some plant systems and functions is shown.
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
Option 4
A feedback mechanism in the human body is shown.
The nervous and reproductive systems work together to stimulate the production of insulin.
The circulatory and endocrine systems work together to keep blood sugar levels constant.
The excretory and nervous systems work together to convert glycogen into glucose.
The immune and circulatory systems work together to circulate blood through the pancreas.
A table of four types of carbohydrates is shown.
Energy: glycogen and starch Structure: cellulose and chitin
Energy: cellulose and chitin Structure: glycogen and starch
Energy: chitin and glycogen Structure: cellulose and starch
Energy: cellulose and starch Structure: chitin and glycogen
Transmembrane proteins span the width of cell membranes. Four types of transmembrane proteins are shown in a section of cell membrane.
stop chemical reactions within the cell
synthesize molecules that signal other cells
help the cell interact with its external environment
remove large waste particles from the cytoplasm of the cell
Which system of the body would be most directly affected if excess cholesterol led to plaque deposits in arteries?
cardiovascular system
immune system
endocrine system
respiratory system
The cells represented in the diagram are involved in the learning process, short-term and long-term memory, and response to a stimulus. These cells are part of the –
endocrine system
skeletal system
muscular system
nervous system
Which of the following structures is an opening on the underside of a leaf that is necessary for gas exchange?
stoma
epidermis
shoot
cuticle
The plant structure that transports sugars down from leaves is –
xylem
phloem
epidermis
stomata
Which of these bests identifies the system that interrelates
all of the other systems in maintaining homeostasis?
System A
System B
System C
System D
What does aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration have in common?
Both are metabolic pathways by which cells obtain or use energy.
Both require oxygen to break molecular bonds for ATP production.
Both processes occur in all living organisms.
Both produce relatively equal amounts of ATP.
Which of the following is a correct representation of the organizational levels of a biological system?
A
B
C
D
Which statement describes enzymes?
They control the transport of materials.
They provide energy for chemical reactions.
They absorb oxygen from the environment.
They affect the rate of chemical reactions.
The graphs show the reaction rate for an enzyme across a range of temperatures and pH. Based on these data, this enzyme functions best at what temperature and pH?
Temperature of 27°C and a pH of 4
Temperature of 37°C and a pH of 6
Temperature of 40°C and a pH of 8
Temperature of 50°C and a pH of 10
The female reproductive and endocrine systems work interactively for which main purpose?
To maintain homeostasis by removing waste products from the body
To release neurotransmitters during times of stress
To control hormone levels to prepare the body for pregnancy
To exchange gases to support cellular aerobic respiration
The diagrams show some of the levels of biological organization. In what order are the levels in the diagrams?
Population, community, ecosystem
Organism, community, population
Organism, population, community
Ecosystem, population, community
Plant roots have extensions called root hairs. These root hairs are important in the homeostasis of
the plant. Which statement best explains the importance of the root hairs to the stems and leaves of the
plant?
Root hairs convert minerals into glucose for immediate use by cells.
Root hairs decrease the need for osmosis and diffusion in vascular tissue.
Root hairs prevent water loss in leaves through transpiration and gas exchange.
Root hairs increase the surface area of the roots for nutrient and water absorption.
Which two body systems must directly interact for vertebrate organisms to exchange gases?
Skeletal system and muscular system
Excretory system and reproductive system
Circulatory system and respiratory system
Digestive system and immune system
The human body is composed of organ systems. Which list represents a system organized from
least to most complex?
Heart-->cardiac muscle-->muscle tissue-->muscle cell
Lung tissue-->trachea --> nostrils --> circulatory system
Muscle cell --> muscle tissue --> biceps muscle --> muscular system
Integumentary system --> skin cell --> hair --> sweat glands
How do the circulatory system and immune system work together to respond to an injury?
Increased blood flow kills healthy cells which prevents infection at the site of the injury.
Increased blood flow removes infected cells from the body at the site of the injury.
Increased blood flow carries white blood cells to the site of the injury.
Increased blood flow allows for an increase in the exchange of O2 and CO2 at the site of the injury.
Fruits grown in hot climates are usually less sweet than those grown in cooler temperatures.
The high temperatures increase the rate of respiration in the plants, thus reducing the sugar
Content in some fruits. Why does increased respiration in the leaves and stems reduce the sugar content in the fruits of a plant?
Chloroplasts move from the fruits to the leaves and stems to provide energy for respiration.
The flow of nutrients shifts from the phloem to the xylem, moving nutrients away from the fruits.
Sugars are moved from the fruits to the roots for storage
Sugars produced in the leaves are used as an energy source instead of being stored in fruits.
Which statement explains how producers are dependent upon consumers for their survival?
Consumers supply oxygen for producers to undergo aerobic respiration.
Consumers produce carbon dioxide for producers to use during photosynthesis.
Consumers provide chemical energy needed by producers for cellular respiration.
Consumers make lactic acid that producers use in photosynthesis.
A feedback mechanism in the human body is shown.
The nervous and reproductive systems work together to stimulate the production of insulin.
The circulatory and endocrine systems work together to keep blood sugar levels constant.
The excretory and nervous systems work together to convert glycogen into glucose.
The immune and circulatory systems work together to circulate blood through the pancreas.
Approximately what percentage of energy is passed on to the next higher level in an energy pyramid?
10%
50%
90%
100%
The diagram shows an energy pyramid.
Which level will contain plants?
A
B
C
D
Which organism recieves the least amount of energy from the producer?
Owl (tertiary consumer)
Grasshopper (primary consumer)
Lilypad (autotroph)
Lizard (secondary consumer)
Which statement best describes the role of decomposers?
They convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose.
They break down organic compounds into products used by other organisms.
They release oxygen to the atmosphere.
They provide energy for the synthesis of proteins.
What do the arrows in the diagram represent?
an increase in population
the evolution of organisms
ecological succession
the flow of energy
The San Marcos salamander, Eurycea nana, is a light reddish-brown translucent salamander about 2–5 cm in length. E. nana is found only in Spring Lake and a portion of the San Marcos River.
Which human activity would most likely decrease the ability of the salamanders to survive?
Increasing water consumption that decreases the flow of clean water from the springs that feed the river
Public transportation that reduces the number of automobiles that contribute to pollution runoff into the river
Tourism that helps fund the educational programs related to river ecosystem conservation
The addition of a new food source into the river that limits competition for resources
A partial Texas food web is shown.
Grasses and ants
Ants and grasshoppers
Grasshoppers and Texas cottonmouths
Texas cottonmouths and red-shouldered hawks
A biomass pyramid of an ecosystem is shown.
Organisms at higher trophic levels have less energy available to them than organisms at lower trophic levels.
Organisms at higher trophic levels require smaller habitats than organisms at lower trophic levels.
Organisms at lower trophic levels provide less energy than organisms at higher trophic levels.
Organisms at lower trophic levels outcompete organisms at higher trophic levels.
The diagrams show a partial food web containing Glyptapanteles wasp and the life cycle of this wasp.
Grassland ecosystems in Texas have evolved to depend on periodic fires to return nutrients to the soil and encourage plant reproduction. Humans have prevented fires in many of these grassland areas, resulting in plant and animal communities with little diversity. Wildlife biologists often recommend purposefully starting fires called prescribed burns, which are monitored and controlled, in grassland ecosystems every 3 to 4 years. These biologists observe greater diversity in plant and animal life in the years following a prescribed burn.
What natural processes are the biologists attempting to imitate?
Biomagnification
Succession
Population bottleneck
Species extinction
The ocean sunfish (Mola mola) is a large, flat fish that spends most of its time in deep water feeding mainly on jellyfish. Sunfish often have many species of copepods, small crustaceans, that bury their heads into the soft tissue of the sunfish. Sunfish will swim to the surface of the water and lie sideways, allowing seabirds to eat the copepods from their skin.
Seabirds: mutualism
Jellyfish: predation
Copepods: parasitism
Seabirds: parasitism
Jellyfish: commensalism
Copepods: predation
Seabirds: predation
Jellyfish: mutualism
Copepods: commensalism
Seabirds: commensalism
Jellyfish: parasitism
Copepods: mutualism
