Decreased responsiveness with repeated exposure to a stimulus

Learning that certain events occur together OR a response and its consequences

An event or situation that evokes a response

Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus

Behavior that operates on the environment to produce a consequence

A type of learning in which we link two or more stimuli; as a result the first stimulus comes to elicit behavior in anticipation of the second stimulus

The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most psychologists today agree with the former but not the later.

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning

An unlearned, naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus

A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers an unconditioned response.

A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

An originally neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditional response

The initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response, OR the strength of a reinforced response

A procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new, neutral stimulus, creating a second conditioned stimulus

The diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus or when a response is no longer reinforced

The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished condition response

The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for a stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses.

(Classical Conditioning) - The learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus or an unconditioned stimulus. || (Operant Conditioning) - The ability to distinguish between responses that are reinforced ad responses that are not. || (Social Psychology) - unjustifiable negative behavior towards a group of people

Thorndike's principle that, behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and behaviors followed by less favorable consequences become less likely

A box containing button that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer; attached devices record the animals rate of button pressing

(AKA skinner box)

A procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior towards closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior

A stimulus that elicits a response after association with reinforcement

Increasing behaviors by presenting positive reinforcers

Increasing behaviors by stopping negative stimuli

An innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need

A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer

A pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced

Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs.

Reinforcing a response only part of the time

A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specific number of responses

A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses

A reinforcement schedule that only reinforces a response after a specific amount of time has passed

A reinforcement schedule that reinforces responses at unpredictable time intervals

An event that decreases the behavior it follows

A biological predisposition to learn associations (such as between taste and nausea) that have survival value

The tendency of learned behavior to automatically revert to biologically predisposed patterns

The perception that we control our own fate

The ability to control impulses and delay short term gratification for

greater, long-term, rewards

Observational learning

The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

Frontal lobe neurons that fire when we perform certain actions or see another doing so enables empathy

Positive, constructive, helpful behavior

A mental representation of the layout of ones environment

Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

A sudden realization of a problems solution

A desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

A desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards, or avoid threatened punishment

Attempting to alleviate stress directly, by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor

Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring the stressor

Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless

The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or person learns when unable to avoid repeated averse events

The perception that chance or outside forces beyond our control determine our fate