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Ch4- Ecosystems Review

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 58mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Organisms only hold on to _____ percent of the energy they ingest.

a)

100

b)

10

c)

25

d)

55

2.

What is a living thing that breaks down plant and animal material, returning the nutrients to the soil?

a)

Producer

b)

Primary consumer

c)

Secondary consumer

d)

Decomposer

3.

an ecosystem consists of:

a)

all of the biotic factors in a given area

b)

the types of plants that inhabit a given area

c)

abiotic factors such as the sun, salinity, temperature, and weather found in a specific area

d)

all of the biotic (living)factors and their interactions with the abiotic (non-living) factors in a given area

4.

Where does the food chain START?

a)

with consumers that eat grass

b)

with the sun giving energy to plants (producers)

c)

with the sun giving energy to consumers

d)

with consumers eating other consumers

5.

In any food chain, the first trophic level is occupied by:

a)

Herbivores

b)

Secondary consumer

c)

Producers

d)

Keystone species

6.

Producers are

a)

Autotrophs

b)

Heterotrophs

c)

Herbivores

d)

Carnivores

7.

Consumers are

a)

Autotrophs

b)

Heterotrophs

c)

Plants

d)

Photosynthesis

8.

In a food web, how is energy represented?

a)

Arrows

b)

Trophic levels

c)

Producers

d)

Consumers

9.

 Animals that eat a variety of meats, fruits, and vegetables are

a)

producers

b)

Carnivores

c)

omnivores

d)

herbivores

10.

Large climatic regions with distinct plants and animals

a)

Primary succession

b)

Secondary succession

c)

Pioneer species

d)

Biomes

11.

What is the photic zone?

a)

the top layer, nearest the surface of the ocean and is also called the sunlight layer

b)

the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight

12.
Why does photosynthesis not occur in the deep ocean? 
a)
Lack of nutrients
b)
Low oxygen levels
c)
Excess sunlight
d)
Sunlight does not penetrate
13.
What do decomposers eat?
a)
only plants
b)
plants and animals
c)
only other animals
d)
dead organisms
14.

___________ use photosynthesis and chemosynthesis to produce energy.

a)

Autotrophs

b)

Heterotrophs

15.

Decomposers feed by chemically breaking down organic matter. This process produces _________, or small pieces of dead and decaying plant and animal remains.

a)

detrius

b)

dander

c)

oxygen

d)

nitrogen

16.
What is the process in which plants use sunlight to create energy?
a)
Photography
b)
Pennsylvania
c)
Cholorophyll
d)
Photosynthesis
17.

Which statement describes ALL primary producers?

a)

All make energy-rich compounds that can be used by other organisms

b)

All make their own food using the energy of compounds in the environment

c)

All take in energy-rich compounds that were made by other organisms

d)

All make their own food using the energy of sunlight

18.
What does a food web represent?
a)
All connections of energy flow throughout all organisms in a habitat.
b)
The specific ways that mutualism is carried out.
c)
A single pathway or energy flow between organisms. 
d)
How carnivores get their food. 
19.

What term describes the position of an organism on the food chain?

a)

food web

b)

energy levels

c)

trophic levels

d)

matter cycle

20.
In the energy pyramid here, which organisms have the most energy available?
a)
Producers
b)
Carnivores
c)
Herbivores
d)
Top Predator
21.
In the energy pyramid below, which organism has the least amount of energy available?
a)
Producers
b)
Herbivores
c)
Carnivores
d)
Top Predator
22.
If there is 1000 Kcal available in the producers in trophic level 1, how much energy is available in the herbivores in trophic level 2?
a)
10 Kcal
b)
1 Kcal
c)
100 Kcal
d)
1000 Kcal
23.
The diagram represents a pyramid of energy in an ecosystem.  Which level would most likely contain members of the plant kingdom?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
24.
The largest group of organisms found in a food web would be:
a)
Primary Consumers
b)
Producers
c)
Decomposers
d)
Tertiary Consumers
25.

What is this an example of?

a)

food web

b)

food chain

c)

food consumers

d)

food producers

26.

Which type of ecological pyramid is this?

a)

energy

b)

biomass

c)

numbers

27.

Which type of ecological pyramid is this?

a)

energy

b)

biomass

c)

numbers

28.

Which type of ecological pyramid is this?

a)

energy

b)

biomass

c)

numbers

29.
Carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere by
a)
Burning fossil fuels 
b)
Cellular respiration
c)
Decomposing organic matter
d)
All answers are correct
30.
Which is a kind of phytoplankton?
a)
 lion’s mane jellyfish
b)
sea butterfly 
c)
algae
d)
copepod 
31.
Plankton that uses photosynthesis:
a)
Phytoplankton
b)
Zooplankton
32.

What cycle are fossil fuels part of ?

a)

carbon

b)

oxygen

c)

nitrogen

d)

phosphorus

33.

Nitrogen in the atmosphere is unusable. What form is nitrogen in the atmosphere?

a)

Nitrites

b)

Ammonia

c)

Nitrates

d)

N2 gas

34.

Which of the following is not an example of a biological process in a biogeochemical cycle?

a)

Transpiration

b)

Nitrogen fixation by bacteria

c)

Erosion

d)

Birds eliminating waste

35.

According to the food web, which food chain is correct?

a)

phytoplankton → krill → fish → penguins → elephant seal

b)

phytoplankton → other herbivorous zooplankton → fish → leopard seal → toothed whales

c)

phytoplankton → other herbivorous zooplankton → squid → penguins → leopard seal

d)

phytoplankton → krill → carnivorous zooplankton → seals → toothed whales

36.

Which of the following actions is most likely to have a negative effect on Earth's ecosystems?

a)

the construction of new facilities to recycle metals

b)

regulations minimizing air pollution

c)

a gradual increase in human population

d)

protection of native species

37.

What is a producer? (give the definition of a producer)

a)

A producer eats other plants and animals.

b)

A producer makes its own food.

c)

A producer eats plants.

38.

What is a consumer? (Give the definition of a consumer.)

a)

A consumer makes its own food.

b)

A consumer does not need food.

c)

A consumer eats plants and other animals for energy.

39.

Consumers, such as vultures, that feed on the bodies of dead organisms

a)

Carnivores

b)

Omnivores

c)

Herbivores

d)

Scavengers

40.

Which organisms break down dead organic matter into soil so that plants can use it to grow?

a)

Producers

b)

Carnivores

c)

Scavengers

d)

Decomposers

41.

All energy in an ecosystem comes from the sun. This energy is passed through the ecosystem as organisms eat other organsims.

a)

Ominvores

b)

Herbivores

c)

Detritivores

d)

Flow of energy

42.

Heterotrophs that “clean up” the ecosystem by eating dead and decaying organisms.

a)

Autotrophs

b)

Herbivores

c)

Ominvores

d)

Detritivores

43.

Parts of an ecosystem that are living or deal with the living. Examples include producers, consumers, decomposers, predation, disease, competition, parasitism, and symbiosis.

a)

Abiotic Factors

b)

Biotic Factors

c)

Community

d)

Population

44.

Parts of an ecosystem that are not living. Examples: water, soil, sunlight, temperature, altitude.

a)

Detritivores

b)

Herbivores

c)

Biotic Factors

d)

Abiotic Factors

45.
Organisms need nutrients in order to
a)
utilize hydrogen and oxygen.
b)
carry out essential life functions.
c)
recycle chemical compounds.
d)
carry out nitrogen fixation.
46.
The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because
a)
energy flows in one direction, and nutrients recycle.
b)
energy is limited in the biosphere, and nutrients are always available.
c)
nutrients flow in one direction, and energy recycles.
d)
energy forms chemical compounds, and nutrients are lost as heat.
47.
Because of biogeochemical cycling,
a)
human activity has no effect on elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter.
b)
living organisms are not limited by any one nutrient.
c)
nutrients are circulated throughout the biosphere.
d)
many nutrients do not reach toxic concentrations in the biosphere.
48.

Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus are examples of __________ that organisms need to stay alive.

a)

compounds

b)

reservoirs

c)

sediments

d)

nutrients

49.

Match the following

a)

biological processes

1.

activities performed by living organisms

b)

Biogeochemical processes

2.

cycling of nutrients through an ecosystem

c)

geological processes

3.

formation and breakdown of rock

d)

physical processes

4.

water cycles and weather patterns

e)

human activity

5.

activities that affect the cycles of matter on a global scale

50.

1. Complete the following statement: “Energy _______________, while matter _____________ through the environment.”

a)

Flows, flows.

b)

Flows, cycles.

c)

Cycles, flows.

d)

Cycles, cycles.

51.

How do non-human living things affect the carbon cycle (fill in the blank/short answer)

a)

animals do cellular respiration

b)

plants do photosynthesis

c)

Fires release carbon into the atmosphere

d)

All of the above

52.

Humans are responsible for many negative changes in the natural environment. Which of the following best describes why humans have a profound impact on their environment?

a)

Humans are able to preserve scarce resources.

b)

Humans are able to modify habitats more than any other species.

c)

Humans have made attempts to preserve the environment.

d)

Humans have encouraged the development of wildlife refuges and parks.

53.

According to the diagram, geologic activity, such as volcanoes,

a)

Increases the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere.

b)

Decreases the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere.

54.

Phosphorus is released from rock through ________

a)

decomposition

b)

evaporation

c)

weathering

d)

transpiration

55.

What is the role of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?

a)

convert nitrogen into a usable form for other organisms

b)

produce sugars and starches

c)

burn carbon dioxide

d)

decay organisms into small bits

56.

What process is part of the phosphorus cycle?

a)

transpiration

b)

nitrification

c)

combustion

d)

sedimentation

57.

Water pollution is coming from

a)

chemicals in herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers

b)

water treatment plants

c)

fishing

58.

As a part of the water cycle, water from Earth's surface enters the clouds and finally falls back to the ground in the form of rain. What is the correct sequence of processes water undergoes?

a)

Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation

b)

Precipitation, Condensation, Evaporation

c)

Condensation, Evaporation, Precipitation

d)

Evaporation, Precipitation, Condensation

59.

What are 3 ways humans affect the carbon cycle?

a)

Burning fossil fuels, changing land use, deforestation

b)

Burning fossil fuels, using limestone

c)

Breathing it out of our bodies, planting trees, fishing

60.

Which describes the relationship between plants and animals in the carbon cycle?

a)

Plants produce and release oxygen that animals need

b)

Plants produce and release carbon dioxide that animals need

c)

Animals produce and release oxygen that plants need

d)

Animals produce oxygen that plants turn into carbon dioxide